Böcker utgivna av Birkhauser Basel

1 The Hierarchy of Climate Models.- A gallery of simple models from climate physics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fluid dynamics and thermodynamics.- 3 Reduced physics equations.- 4 Integrated models.- 5 Low-order models.- References.- Simple climate models.- 1 Climate and climate modelling.- 2 Zero-dimensional energy balance climate model.- 3 Quasi-geostrophic two-layer atmosphere in a channel.- 4 Reduced gravity ocean in a square basin.- 5 Summary and outlook.- References.- Complex climate models' tools for studying the origin of stochasticity in the climate system.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Origin of complexity.- 3 Cosequence of complexity.- 4 Concluding remarks.- References.- Some mathematical aspects of the GCMs.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hierarchy of PDEs in the GCMs.- 3 The PEs and PEV2s of the ocean.- 4 The PEs and PEV2s of the atmosphere.- 5 Coupled atmosphere-ocean (CAO) models.- References.- 2 The Emergence of Randomness: Chaos, Averaging, Limit Theorems.- Hasselmann's program revisited: the analysis of stochasticity in deterministic climate models.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Stochasticity in deterministic climate models with two separate time scales.- 3 The method of averaging.- 4 Normal deviations from the averaged system: the central limit theorem.- 5 Large deviations from the averaged system.- 6 Extensions of Hasselmann's program comments.- References.- Thermodynamic formalism, large deviation, and multifractals.- 1 Expanding dynamical systems.- 2 Pointwise dimension.- 3 Multifractal formalism.- 4 Local large deviation.- References.- Summary.- Averaging and climate models.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The averaging setup.- 3 Fully coupled systems.- 4 Appendix A: hyperbolicity.- 5 Appendix B: Proof of Theorem 3.1.- 6 Appendix B: Proof of Theorem 3.2.- References.- Dynamical systems with time scale separation: averaging, stochastic modelling, and central limit theorems.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Average skill of an averaged model.- 3 Stochastic modelling.- 4 Central limit theorems and their limits.- Conclusion.- Appendix: Remarks on the numerical implementation.- References.- 3 Tools and Methods: SDE, Dynamical Systems, SPDE, Multiscale Techniques.- Energy balance models - viewed from stochastic dynamics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The paradigm of stochastic resonance.- 3 Deterministic energy balance models.- 4 Stochastic extensions of EBM.- 5 Stochastic resonance: Freidlin's approach.- References.- Exponential stability of the quasigeostrophic equation under random perturbations.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Preliminaries.- 3 Transformation of the quasigeostrophic equation.- 4 The stationary solution.- 5 Discussion.- References.- A mini course on stochastic partial differential equations.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cauchy problem and semigroups.- 3 Infinite dimensional Wiener processes.- 4 Stochastic integration.- 5 First order stochastic equations.- 6 Heat equation with space-time white noise.- 7 Stationary solutions of a wave equation.- 8 Nonlinear stochastic pdes.- 9 Appendix.- References.- Hasselmann's stochastic climate model viewed from a statistical mechanics perspective.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The microscopic description.- 3 The mesoscopic description.- 4 A derivation of the Langevin equation.- 5 The macroscopic description.- 6 Statistical mechanics.- 7 Discussion.- References.- 4 Reduced Stochastic Models and Particular Techniques.- Constrained stochastic forcing.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Charney-DeVore model.- 3 Discussion.- References.- Stochastic resonance and noise-induced phase coherence.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Stochastic resonance in the framework of synchronization phenomena.- 3 Conclusions.- References.- Stochastic confinement of Rossby waves by fluctuating eastward flows.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Spectral model.- 3 Superrotation flow.- 4 Interpretation.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Some mathematical remarks concerning the localization of planetary waves in a stochastic background flow.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some remarks concerning path properties of R.- 3 Transformation int...

Contents. List of Contributors. Preface. T.J. Mitchell and T.J. Williams: The role of eotaxin and related CC-chemokines in asthma and allergy. Roger J. Davis: Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Marie Chabot-Fletcher: TNF and IL-1 signaling to NF-kB. Anthony M. Manning: Small molecule regulators of AP-1 and NF-kB. Robert T. Abraham: Mammalian target of rapamycin: Immunosuppressive drugs offer new insights into cell growth regulation. Catherine A. Burton, John Boylan, Candy Robinson, Janet Kerr and Pamela Benfield: Constitutive expression of a tumor suppressor leads to tumor regression in a xenograft model. Steven D. Shapiro: Macrophage metalloproteinases in destructive inflammatory diseases. Nancy H. Ruddle: Lymphotoxin in inflammation and lymphoid organ development: Variations on a theme. Steven L. Kunkel, Sem H. Phan, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Cory Hogaboam and Stephen W. Chensue: Chemokine/cytokine biology during the evolution of fibrotic disease. Long Gu, Susan C. Tseng and Barrett J. Rollins: The role of MCP-1 in disease. Lisa A. Beck, Cristiana Stellato, Syed Shahabuddin, Renate Nickel and Robert P. Schleimer: The role of chemokines in allergic diseases of the airways. James Winkler and Ken Tramposch (coordicators): Ninth International Conference of the Inflammation Research Association, November 1-5, 1998: Summaries of workshops and poster discussions. William Williams and Elizabeth Arner (chair persons): Targets in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Lawrence Wennogle and Nancy Cusack (chair persons): Signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. James Burke and Floyd Chilton (chair persons): Mediators in inflammation and their enzymes. Denis Schrier and Fandrew Issekutz (chair persons): Cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte trafficking. Robert M. Strieter and David Underwood (chair persons): Pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and disease. W. Hunter and E. Turley (chair persons): Angiogenesis, wound repair and skin inflammation. Index.

Methotrexate: historical aspects.- Methotrexate, its mechanisms of action in malignant disease and mechanisms of resistance by malignant cells.- Current use of methotrexate in the treatment of malignancies in adults.- The use of methotrexate in the treatment of childhood malignancies.- The mechanisms of methotrexate's action in the treatment of inflammatory disease.- Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.- Use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological disorders.- The use of methotrexate in gynecological practice.

Reduced Order Based Compensator Control of Thin Film Growth in a CVD Reactor.- On Modeling and Design Problems in Micro Diffractive Optics.- A Linearized Model for Boundary Layer Equations.- Numerical Solution of Optimal Control Problems Governed by the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations.- Intrinsic Asymptotic Model of Piezoelectric Shells.- Modeling, Simulation and Control of Laser Heat Treatments.- Numerical Analysis in Optimal Control.- Optimal Control of the Drift Diffusion Model for Semiconductor Devices.- Fully Coupled Model of a Nonlinear Thin Plate Excited by Piezoelectric Actuators.- Topology Optimization of High Power Electronic Devices.- Effects of Thickness on Sharp Trace Regularity for a Kirchhoff Plate with Free Boundary.- On the Solvability of Trigonometric Moment Problems Arising in the Problem of Controllability of Rotating Beams.- Domain Decomposition in Optimal Boundary Control of Hyperbolic Equations with Boundary Damping.- Optimal Regularity of Elastic and Thermoelastic Kirchhoff Plates with Clamped Boundary Control.- The Interplay of Convection, Conduction and Phase Transition in a Shape-memory Alloy.- Semipermeable Curves and Level Sets of the Value Function in Differential Games with the Homicidal Chauffeur Dynamics.- Sensitivity Calculations for 2D-Optimization of Turbomachine Blading.- A Gauss-Newton Method for the Identification of Nonlinear Heat Transfer Laws.- Topological Derivatives of Shape Functionals for Elasticity Systems.- Control Variational Methods for Differential Equations.- Control of Czochralski Crystal Growth.- Boundary Control of the Burgers Equation: Optimality Conditions and Reduced-order Approach.- Flow Matching by Shape Design for the Navier-Stokes System (suppl.).

1.- I Hilbert Spaces.- II Bounded Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space.- III Unbounded Linear Operators on a Hilbert Space.- 2.- IV Regular Linear Hamiltonian Systems.- V Atkinson's Theory for Singular Hamiltonian Systems of Even Dimension.- VI The Niessen Approach to Singular Hamiltonian Systems.- VII Hinton and Shaw's Extension of Weyl's M(?) Theory to Systems.- VIII Hinton and Shaw's Extension with Two Singular Points.- IX The M (?) Surface.- X The Spectral Resolution for Linear Hamiltonian Systems with One Singular Point.- XI The Spectral Resolution for Linear Hamiltonian Systems with Two Singular Points.- XII Distributions.- 3.- XIII Orthogonal Polynomials.- XIV Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Second Order Differential Equations.- XV Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Fourth Order Differential Equations.- XVI Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Sixth Order Differential Equations.- XVII Orthogonal Polynomials Satisfying Higher Order Differential Equations.- XVIII Differential Operators in Sobolev Spaces.- XIX Examples of Sobolev Differential Operators.- XX The Legendre-Type Polynomials and the Laguerre-Type Polynomials in a Sobolev Spaces.- Closing Remarks.

1 Basic Principles and Facts.- 2 Gegenbauer Polynomials.- 3 Multivariate Polynomials.- 4 Polynomials on Sphere and Ball.- 5 Approximation Methods.- 6 Approximation on the Sphere.- 7 Approximation on the Ball.- 8 Tomography.- A Legendre Basis.- B Zeros of the Kernel Function.- C Newman-Shapiro Operators.- D Reconstruction.- E Solutions.

Jochen W. Schmidt in Memoriam.- Best Approximation of Polynomials on the Sphere and on the Ball.- The Sign of a Harmonic Function Near a Zero.- Radial Basis Functions for the Sphere.- Cubature Formulae for Polyharmonic Functions.- On the Structure of Kergin Interpolation for Points in General Position.- Frames Containing a Riesz Basis and Approximation of the Inverse Frame Operator.- Kronecker Type Convolution of Function Vectors with one Refinable Factor.- Best One-Sided L1-Approximation by B2,1-Blending Functions.- Open Problem: Existence of Hermite Interpolatory Subdivision Schemes with Arbitrary Large Smoothnesses.- Asymptotic Formulas in Cardinal Interpolation and Orthogonal Projection.- Note on d-Extremal Configurations for the Sphere in ?d+1.- Some Cubature Formulae Using Mixed Type Data.- On an Extremal Problem Originating in Questions of Unconditional Convergence.- Node Insertion and Node Deletion for Radial Basis Functions.- Tangent Space Methods for Approximation on Compact Homogeneous Manifolds.- Open Problem Concerning Fourier Transforms of Radial Functions in Euclidean Space and on Spheres.- Local Lagrange Interpolation on Powell-Sabin Triangulations and Terrain Modelling.- The Geometry of Nodes in a Positive Quadrature on the Sphere.- Normalized Tight Frames in Finite Dimensions.- Publications of Jochen W. Schmidt.

The development of glucocorticoids as therapeutic agents.- Glucocorticoid biology - a molecular maze and clinical challenge..- Glucocorticoid biology - a historical perspective.- The development of synthetic glucocorticoids.- Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action.- The glucocorticoid receptor: expression, function, and regulation of glucocorticoid responsiveness.- Molecular and cellular aspects of cytokine regulation by glucocorticoids.- Current perspectives in glucocorticoid biology.- Glucocorticoids and leukocyte adhesion.- Annexin I as a mediator of glucocorticoid action.- Glucocorticoids and the HPA axis.- The role of 11?-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase in regulating glucocorticoid action..- Glucocorticoids in contemporary clinical practice.- Glucocorticoids and asthma.- Systemic glucocorticoids in chronic arthritis.- Glucocorticoids in the control of inflammatory bowel disease.

1. Elliptic problems.- 1.1 The Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in an annulus.- 1.2 Examples of Dirichlet problems in an annulus.- 1.3 The interior and exterior Dirichlet problems.- 1.4 The Poisson integral for the disc. Complex form. Solution of the Dirichlet problem when the boundary condition is a rational function R(sin ?, cos ?).- 1.5 The interior and exterior Dirichlet problems.- 1.6 Boundary value problems for the Poisson equation in a disc and in an annulus.- 1.7 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a rectangle.- 1.8 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a bounded cylinder.- 1.9 Boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations in a ball.- 1.10 Boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equations.- 1.11 Boundary value problem for the Helmoltz equation in a cylinder.- 1.12 Boundary value problems for the Helmoltz equation in a disc.- 1.13 Boundary value problems for the Helmoltz equation in a ball.- 1.14 Guided electromagnetic waves.- 1.15 The method of conformal mappings (for the solution of boundary value problems in the plane).- 1.16 The Green function method.- 1.17 Other methods.- 1.18 Problems for independent study.- 1.19 Answers.- 2. Hyperbolic problems.- 2.1 The travelling-wave method.- 2.2 The method of selection of particular solutions.- 2.3 The Fourier integral transform method.- 2.4 The Laplace integral transform met hod.- 2.5 The Hankel integral transform method.- 2.6 The method of standing waves. Oscillations of a bounded string.- 2.7 Some examples of mixed problems for the equation of oscillations of a string.- 2.8 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a rectangular membrane.- 2.9 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a circular membrane.- 2.10 The Fourier method. Oscillations of a beam.- 2.11 The perturbation method.- 2.12 Problems for independent study.- 2.13 Answers.- Chaper 3. Parabolic problems.- 3.1 The Fourier integral transform method.- 3.2 The Lapalce integral transform method.- 3.3 The Fourier method (method of separation of variables).- 3.4 A modification of the method of separation of variables for solving the Cauchy problem.- 3.5 Problems for independent study.- 3.6 Answers.- References.

A Model for Mixtures of Micromagnetic Materials allowing Existence and Regularity.- Variational Properties of a Model for Image Segmentation with Overlapping Regions.- Variational Theory of Weak Geometric Structures.- Optimal Transportation Problems with Free Dirichlet Regions.- Local Minimizers for a Free Gradient Discontinuity Problem in Image Segmentation.- Irrigation.- Symmetrization and Functionals Defined on BV.- Interface Energies and Structured Deformations in Plasticity.- Higher Order Variational Problems and Phase Transitions in Nonlinear Elasticity.- Unstable Crystalline Wulff Shapes in 3D.- Dimension Reduction in Continuum Mechanics.- Reaction-Diffusion Equations and Learning.- Contributors.- List of Participants.

New opportunities for stroke prevention and therapeutics: a hope from anti-inflammatory drugs?.- Inflammation in stroke and CNS trauma - experimental and clinical evidence.- Clinical evidence of inflammation as a risk factor in ischemic stroke.- Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke: evidence from experimental models.- Inflammatory and immune responses to CNS injury: beneficial and detrimental components.- Salutary effect of autoimmune T cells after central nervous system injury.- Traumatic brain injury: is head trauma an inflammatory disease?.- Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators - implications for stroke.- Inflammatory cells in stroke.- Do leukocytes play a role in focal ischemia in the brain? An objective review of the literature.- The role of microglia in ischemic brain injury.- Inflammatory activation of brain cells by hypoxia: transcription factors and signaling pathways.- Inflammatory cytokines, interleukins and chemokines in stroke and CNS trauma.- Cytokine effects on CNS cells: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of stroke.- Interleukin-10 in cerebral ischemia and stroke.- Chemokines and ischemic stroke.- Biphasic activity of tumor necrosis factor in stroke and brain trauma: interaction with reactive oxygen species.- Interleukin-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stroke: mechanisms and potential therapeutics.- Inflammatory cytokines in CNS trauma.- Inflammation in cerebral thrombosis, angiogenesis and matrix regulation: a new perspective in stroke research and therapeutics.- Microvessel integrin expression during focal cerebral ischemia.- The inflammatory response in focal cerebral ischemia.- Chronic neuronal perturbation mediated by RAGE, a receptor for ?-sheet fibrils and S100/calgranulins.- Mediators of inflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral ischemia.- Inflammatory proteases and oxygen radicals in stroke.- The role of metalloproteinases on blood-brain barrier breakdown after ischemic stroke.- Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in hypoxia/reoxygenation and stroke.- Extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and neuroinflammation in stroke.- Anti-oxidant strategies to treat stroke.- Inflammatory adhesion molecules, kinins, nitric oxide complement factors and lipid mediators in stroke.- Selectin-and complement-mediated mechanisms of tissue injury in stroke.- The kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic and traumatic brain injury.- Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 in experimental focal stroke.