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Understanding gemstones in a geological contextGemstones are colorful treasures of the Earth that have captivated humans for thousands of years. The physical and chemical characteristics of each type of gem provide insights into the geological processes that created them.Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones is a textbook aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It presents the basic mineralogical and geological knowledge needed to understand gemstones and examines the characteristics and geological origins of different types of gemstone.Volume highlights include:* Concepts in mineralogy* Structure and chemical composition of minerals* Geological processes that lead to the formation and movement of gemstones* Equipment and tools used to examine gemstones and their physical propertiesThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Learn what makes a natural disaster--and how humans can respond Natural dangers are a ubiquitous part of life on earth. Where natural, meteorological, or geological processes interact with human economies and patterns of habitation, there is always the potential for disaster. The study of these disasters has the potential not only to prepare us more effectively to meet them, but also to shed light on the challenges and opportunities of life on a complex and ever-changing planet. Earth's Natural Hazards and Disasters is an undergraduate textbook designed as an effective introduction to natural events and their management. Written in clear, accessible terms, it encourages critical thinking about natural systems and their impact on humans and offers essential resources for predicting and managing extreme events. The result is a watershed introduction to a vital topic in the climate-change era. Earth's Natural Hazards and Disasters readers will also find: Learning objectives and discussion questions accompanying each chapter Discussion of natural hazards in the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere Detailed case studies for each type of natural disasterEarth's Natural Hazards and Disasters is ideal for any undergraduate reader or course studying environmental science, geology, geophysics, meteorology, or any related subject.

A comprehensive textbook presenting techniques for the analysis and characterization of shale playsSignificant reserves of hydrocarbons cannot be extracted using conventional methods. Improvements in techniques such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have increased access to unconventional hydrocarbon resources, ushering in the "shale boom" and disrupting the energy sector.Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: Techniques for Reservoir Engineering Analysis covers the geochemistry, petrophysics, geomechanics, and economics of unconventional shale oil plays. The text uses a step-by-step approach to demonstrate industry-standard workflows for calculating resource volume and optimizing the extraction process.Volume highlights include:* Methods for rock and fluid characterization of unconventional shale plays* A workflow for analyzing wells with stimulated reservoir volume regions* An unconventional approach to understanding of fluid flow through porous media* A comprehensive summary of discoveries of massive shale resources worldwide* Data from Eagle Ford, Woodford, Wolfcamp, and The Bakken shale plays* Examples, homework assignments, projects, and access to supplementary online resources* Hands-on teaching materials for use in petroleum engineering software applicationsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

A textbook that approaches geophysics from an Earth System Science perspective Geophysics helps us to understand how our planet works by connecting complex real-world phenomena with fundamental physical laws. It provides the tools for understanding interactions between the different components of the Earth System: the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere. Earth System Geophysics is a comprehensive textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in the Earth sciences that uses Earth System Science as the framework for learning in geophysics. Volume highlights include: Presents convection as the underlying paradigm that drives the Earth System Uses math and physics in an accessible way to understand processes on Earth Frames natural processes and events in terms of cause and effect Builds gradually from basic to advanced concepts and equations Develops quantitative skills through applied examples Heavily referenced, allowing students to pursue topics in greater depth Relevant for students from across the physical sciences and engineeringThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

An introduction to the physical principles underlying Earth remote sensing.The development of spaceborne remote sensing technology has led to a new understanding of the complexity of our planet by allowing us to observe Earth and its environments on spatial and temporal scales that are unavailable to terrestrial sensors.Remote Sensing Physics: An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space is a graduate-level text that examines the underlying physical principles and techniques used to make remote measurements, along with the algorithms used to extract geophysical information from those measurements.Volume highlights include:* Basis for Earth remote sensing including ocean, land, and atmosphere* Description of satellite orbits relevant for Earth observations* Physics of passive sensing, including infrared, optical and microwave imagers* Physics of active sensing, including radars and lidars* Overview of current and future Earth observation missions* Compendium of resources including an extensive bibliography* Sample problem sets and answers available to instructorsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

An initial course in scientific data analysis and hypothesis testing designed for students in all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplinesData Analysis for the Geosciences: Essentials of Uncertainty, Comparison, and Visualization is a textbook for upper-level undergraduate STEM students, designed to be their statistics course in a degree program.This volume provides a comprehensive introduction to data analysis, visualization, and data-model comparisons and metrics, within the framework of the uncertainty around the values. It offers a learning experience based on real data from the Earth, ocean, atmospheric, space, and planetary sciences.Volume highlights include:* Serves as an initial course in scientific data analysis and hypothesis testing* Focuses on the methods of data processing* Introduces a wide range of analysis techniques* Describes the many ways to compare data with models* Centers on applications rather than derivations* Explains how to select appropriate statistics for meaningful decisions* Explores the importance of the concept of uncertainty* Uses examples from real geoscience observations* Homework problems at the end of chaptersThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

A textbook applying fundamental seismology theories to the latest computational tools The goal of computational seismology is to digitally simulate seismic waves, create subsurface models, and match these models with observations to identify subsurface rock properties. With recent advances in computing technology, including machine learning, it is now possible to automate matching procedures and use waveform inversion or optimization to create large-scale models. Computation, Optimization, and Machine Learning in Seismology provides students with a detailed understanding of seismic wave theory, optimization theory, and how to use machine learning to interpret seismic data. Volume highlights include: Mathematical foundations and key equations for computational seismology Essential theories, including wave propagation and elastic wave theory Processing, mapping, and interpretation of prestack data Model-based optimization and artificial intelligence methods Applications for earthquakes, exploration seismology, depth imaging, and multi-objective geophysics problems Exercises applying the main concepts of each chapter The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.