Böcker i British Archaeological Reports International Series-serien

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 12Campeche state and Quintana Roo, and more generally the area south of the Yucatan peninsular, afford rich fields of study in terms of our understanding of Mayan relations in the region. This volumes concentrates on major research projects undertaken at key sites such as Calakmul, Becán, Balamku, and Nadzca'an, during which considerable advances were made in specific areas of research including analysis of the complexities of architectural styles and the iconography of the region during Mayan times. The sum of the information and results obtained adds a wider perspective on the southern Yucatan peninsular of the time as a whole. This large-scale work is presented in three sections. Section one concentrates on natural factors such as climate, soils, and vegetation, detailed summaries of large-scale excavation projects by season to 1998 (including seasons at "La Tulane", Xpuhil, Becán, Chicanná, Hormiguero, Calakmul, Río Bec, etc.), and methodology. Section two provides a gazetteer of smaller sites by zonal regions. Section three deals with the major zone of Kaynikte-Manos Rojas, including analyses of occupation, architecture and ceramics. Section four covers the evolution and chronology of sites in the south of Yucatan.

Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of Postgraduate Researchers, The University of Liverpool, May 2002The Liverpool Interdisciplinary Symposium in Antiquity (LISA) was envisaged as a forum for postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers to present their research and engage in discussion in an informal manner. The theme for LISA 2002, the potent combination of Cult and Death, attracted delegates from several universities in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The interdisciplinary nature of the symposium was amply fulfilled by the presentation of papers from the fields of archaeology, ancient history and classics, adopting a wide range of approaches, which are reflected in the articles presented in this volume. Contents: The Greek Neolithic Figurines (Gerasimos Vallerios Stergiopoulos); The Abode of the Ancestors: tomb design, ritual and symbolism In Late Helladic IIIA-B Greece (Chrysanthi Gallou); The Burial Ritual Tradition in the South-eastern Aegean during the Mycenaean Period (Mercourios Georgiadis); The 'hellenisation' of Isis among the Greek deities (Danai-Christina Naoum); Priests and Priestesses in the Mycenaean period (Christina Aamont); Nostos (= homecoming) and death in Greek tragedy (Marigo Alexopoulou); To kill or not to kill? Human sacrifices in Greece according to the Euripidean thought (Polytimi Oikonomopoulou); Adopted by Persephone. Adoption and initiation ritual in A1-A3 Zuntz and Pelinna 1-2 (Georgia Petridou); The death of Daphnis (Evangelia Anagnostou-Laoutides).

A study of the lithic series in the Vigne-Brun region of France. This was originally presented as an academic dissertation to the Universite de Paris. In French."

This work is one of the first in-depth mollusc studies of the French coastal regions. It has direct implications for our understanding of the way of life of early Atlantic (France and adjacent countries) cultures.

This work, for the first time, makes a systematic review of all the C 14 dates available for the prehistory of the Balearic Islands. Apart from an inventory of all the dates with precise contextual information from where the sample actually comes and discussion of the implications of the data, the study includes a statistical analysis of the good quality dates, and a final proposal of the archaeological sequence of the islands.

In the spring of 1993, two Mycenaean (14th-12th centuries BC) chamber tombs were discovered by accident at Pylona, not far from Lindos on the southern coast of Rhodes. Excavations uncovered a cemetery site of six tombs and a series of remarkable finds: human remains, pottery, bronze objects and jewellery. The excavation reports are published here with a complete catalogue of finds, including the extensive and especially fine pottery discoveries. Chapter six is a detailed illustrated study by P.J.P. McGeorge of the skeletal remains from the tombs, presented as a catalogue of finds and a concluding summary on the general health, living conditions, and customs of the community. The work also includes a further three specialist appendices: an ICP-AES analysis of some of the Pylona vessels (M.J. Ponting and the author); a review of the textile remains (D. de Wild); and chemical analyses of glass beads and the copper sword find (H. Mangou).With contributions by P.J.P. McGeorge, M. Ponting, H. Mangou, and D. de Wild

Al Mina, at the mouth of the Orontes, some 75 km SW of Chatal Hüyük, has long dominated Greek-Levantine discussions in the Geometric Period (c. 1000-700 BC); the site was the first to reveal an abundance of Greek pottery generally, and still is the findspot of the greatest quantity of Greek Geometric pottery in the Levant - about 1500 sherds. In this volume, the author undertakes an analysis and review of this 'Greek emporion', taking as her main topics for discussion - Al Mina as a 'port of trade', the evidence for Greek residence on the site, Greek geometric pottery in the Levant, and Geometric pottery in Greek-Levantine trade.

The Garawa Aboriginal people of the southern inland Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Australia were, until relatively recently, hunter-gatherers. The three principal objectives of this volume are to provide an ethnography of Garawa land-use and settlement, to develop the methodological and theoretical strategies for studying hunter-gatherer settlement patterns in a way that will yield information useful to archaeologists, and, thirdly, to identify the main variables contributing to the regional and long term structure of subsistence and settlement patterns. The core study area is centred on three contiguous river catchments (Wearyan, Foelsche, Robinson Rivers) within the Robinson River Land Trust, representing approximately 11,000 square kilometers. Garawa institutions and strategies of land tenure, land-use and site location are compared, with each other and with environmental phenomena, to identify the phenomena and processes that structured the macro-scale spatial, temporal, and demographic characteristics of Garawa settlement patterns.

Sudan Archaeological Research Society, Publication Number 10In December 1952, the new Egyptian Government decided to construct the Aswan High Dam. In the late 1970s and 1980s the construction of a dam at the Fourth Cataract, known as the Merowe Dam, was again mooted (Hakim 1993, 1-2), while another was proposed at the Kajbar rapids a little downstream of the Third Cataract. In response to the threat posed to the antiquities of the Fourth Cataract region the Sudan Archaeological Research Society undertook a single season of survey (November/December 1999). Although the concession granted included the whole of the left bank, over a distance of 40km, and the islands between the two forts at Dar el-Arab (Suweiqi) and Jebel Musa (Kirbekan), at the downstream end of Boni Island, the wealth of archaeological sites coupled with the difficulties of travel in the region meant that only small areas were examined in detail (1km along the left bank in the vicinity of the village of Gereif; Birti Island and four other small islands; the left bank from a little upstream of Birti; ten islands immediately downstream of el-Tereif). Most of the sites located were described, sketch plans were made where appropriate and many were also surveyed in detail, plans being produced at a scale of 1:500 or 1:100. Artefacts were also collected either from each feature or from transects across the sites and this material was studied by the pottery, lithics and small finds specialists. Many of the rock pictures were traced onto acetate and their locations plotted by GPS or in relation to their local environment by total station. A detailed description of the sites surveyed is contained in the gazetteer which is followed by an analysis of the pottery, small finds and lithics. The results detailed in this volume are advanced tentatively and it is fully expected that further survey work and excavation will modify the conclusions arrived at here. However, in the light of the current situation where it seems likely that the dam will be built in the very near future, and of the need for the archaeological community to seriously address the loss of a vast number of archaeological sites along one of the least known stretches of the Nile Valley, it was felt to be desirable that this work be brought to publication as soon as possible. It offers a glimpseof the richness and diversity of the remains of human activity in what is generally considered one of the most inhospitable regions of the valley, over many millennia.Written by Derek A. Welsby with contributions by Pam Braddock and Donatella Usai.

Section 9: Néolithique au Proche Orient et en Europe / Neolithic in the Near East and EuropeColloque / Symposium 9.310 papers (8 in English, 2 in French) from the lithic materials session of the UISPP Congress in Liège in September 2001. The areas of discussion focussed on lithic production in the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) communities of Europe, including: exploitation and processing of siliceous rocks; the characterization of different strategies for knapping blanks for tools at site level and of their mode of production (domestic, specialized, surplus production); the differentiation of settlements (producers, users);the networks of regional and extra-regional exchange (of raw materials, cores, blanks or tools); the modes of distribution, geographical and chronological evidence; and the problems involved in reconstructing the socio-economic context of lithic production.

Until recently it was thought that West Mexico was isolated from the cultural region defined as 'Mesoamerica', especially during the apogee of the city of Teotihuacan, Central Mexico. Studies on the exchange network of Teotihuacan have not considered the relations between Teotihuacan and West Mexico despite the existence of a number of artifacts in West Mexico that either originated in Teotihuacan or were locally reproduced copies of Teotihuacan artifacts. In this work the author investigates relations between Teotihuacan and the Cuitzeo Basin, Michoacán, from a world systemic perspective. Ideological factors seem to have been particularly important for the structure of the Teotihuacan world-system that extended over a broad area in Mesoamerica. The polarizing dichotomy between 'centre' and 'periphery' has impeded understanding of the dynamics of change for both the Cuitzeo Basin and Teotihuacan. This work examines whether dependency can be inferred by the local and imported material culture with references to other parts of the Teotihuacan world-system. An attempt is made to redefine the concept of complexity regarding peripheral areas and the role of important denominators such as trade, crafts specialization and symbolic complexity as manifested through specific cognitive concepts.

In temperate eastern North America, steatite vessels have an unusual distribution - widespread (ranging from New Brunswick, Canada to Louisiana) but apparently short-lived (approximately 1800 - 800 B.C.). Consequently, they have been of unusual interest to archaeologists and commonly used to date assemblages typologically. This study examines the veracity of this distribution and why steatite vessels display this distribution. Why did steatite vessel manufacture occur when and where it did? Why did steatite vessel manufacture not occur sooner or last longer? Why do steatite vessels occur in the frequencies they do across space and through time? The larger issue addressed in this study is technological change. By taking a scientific approach, the results of this investigation are able to be independently tested. A scientific approach allows knowledge to accumulate precisely because the results or conclusions can be shown to be wrong or incomplete. This study provides an example of how technological changecan be examined in the archaeological record from a scientific perspective.

This work examines the interrelationship between technology and society, using as its cultural-historical focus the Early and Middle Bronze Age periods among the Maros group villages of south-eastern Hungary. To claim that technology is social is not new, but to document how it is social has been difficult and this research aims to provide such documentation, using a ceramic archaeological example. As a result, the author's emphasis is on technological activities and the human actors that performed them. Practice theory, with its focus on conscious social actors, provides the major theoretical direction. Methodologically, to examine a wide range of ceramic technological activities, the author embraces the concept of the 'operational sequence', following ceramics from the procurement and preparation of raw materials, through their forming, finishing and firing, to their use. Through the potter's eye, the author tries to understand the choices made at each step of the production sequence and consider the ways in which they could have organized their labour. To obtain such diverse information, diverse sets of methods, borrowed from archaeology, geology and materials science are employed.

This study arranges in chronological order approximately 450 ceramic artefacts known as chalices found in more than 50 excavations in Late Bronze and Iron Age strata within Canaan and Ancient Israel. The study also proposes a typology for these chalices.

This work explores the contribution of the peoples of the Barbaricum to the shaping of early medieval technology in Europe, with a particular reference to iron-making. Within this general cultural framework, the case of Lombards is analyzed in more detail, tracing the way their iron-making technological heritage developed: first, during their settlement on the Lower Elbe (first centuries AD) characterized by a Western Germanic technical culture, then, in Central Europe (AD 3rd/4th-6th), where they came into contact with a Celtic and provincial Roman substratum, and finally in Italy (second half of AD 6th to 8th). At this stage, Lombard craftsmen, who possessed the full range of technical-artisanal skills of iron-production that were integral to western Germanic culture, would have come into contact with practitioners embodying the technical knowledge of the Mediterranean heritage. This encountering of material cultures seems to have resulted in reshaping of the entire economic structure of the peninsula.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 21To the Mochica civilization, a pre-Inca society that developed on the north coast of Peru from the 1st to the 9th century AD, mural art represented an important form of artistic expression. Mainly reserved for cultural buildings and following a codified narrative language, these monumental painted scenes created a privileged means of communication that allowed the rulers to deliver to the people a symbolic message of the established political power and of the social order. The iconographic study of these paintings and reliefs on adobe has allowed us to understand that they were illustrating an ideological discourse essentially dedicated to the worship of divinities and to the associated ritual ceremonies. The identified mythical representations were, in this way, devoted to the Mochica religion and to the political power held by the elite. Thus, mural art not only had a decorative function but also a much more symbolic role: one of ideological vector, which was essential for this civilization without any textual writing. The importance of mural decoration within Mochica society inspired previous research on these rare relics further. In addition to the iconographic interpretations, it seemed essential to take an interest in the creation and elaboration process of these murals. By using archaeometry, rarely employed in Peru, the author has been able to answer not only archeological but also preservation problems. Thus, through the physicochemical study of the polychromy of the Huaca de la Luna on the site of Moche, of the Huaca Cao Viejo on the site of El Brujo, of the monumental complex of Castillo de Huancaco, and of the funeral platform of Sipán, it has been possible to obtain clues to the pictorial techniques used by the Mochicas artists. It was therefore possible to reconstitute the whole process followed in order to manufacture these mural paintings, from the extraction of raw materials to the final panel. By comparing the results from each site, it was possible to work on the spatiotemporal evolution of this artistic technology, to consider the organization of this handcrafted activity and to better understand the social status of Mochicas painter craftsmen. Finally, by following a multidisciplinary approach, carried out jointly in the laboratory and in the field, the author has evaluated the efficiency of the preservation treatments applied today on these relics, in order to optimize the durability of this exceptional painted heritage.

A comprehensive study of cowries and other shells, including fossilised material.With malacological identifications by Gyula Radócz.

This book contains papers in French and papers in English.

A Comparison of Skeletal Samples of the 5th-8th Centuries A.D. from Britain and Southwestern Germany.

This study investigates the archaeomalacological assemblages from three Bronze Age sites in the Aegean: Troia, Yenibademli and Ulucak.

A collection of papers presented at the seminar series held at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in November 2008. The papers mainly deal with the theme of agrarian field systems in Medieval Spain. Although there is a notable tradition in the study of medieval agrarian field systems throughout Europe, this subject has received little attention amongst historians and archaeologists working within Spanish contexts. The name given to the seminar series derives from the translation of the title from Jean Guilaine's 1991 book, Pour une archéologie agraire. À la croissée des sciences de l'homme et de la nature. Like Guilaine had done nearly two decades earlier, the contributors too wanted to stress the importance of agrarian landscapes, plants and cultivation systems, within what is generally known as rural settlement. The main objective of the work is to bring together in a single book diverse methodologies and research experiences as well as to assess and contrast the quality of the results obtained. Above all, the book looks to establish research strategies which may constitute a guide for those who have an interest in contributing to historiographic debates. Such debates may be centered around the formation of village networks between the 5th - 10th centuries, the processes of 'incastellamento' and the consolidation of the feudal settlement system, the organization of peasant settlement in al-Andalus and finally the impact of Christian conquests and colonization on al-Andalus from the 12th century onwards. We believe that one of the keys to fully understanding these issues lies with a better understanding of agrarian spaces, the fields themselves, and so we have initiated our own project with this very subject.

In this work the author analyses how the nature and characteristics of urbanism in Byzantium changed between the sixth and the eighth century AD. By use of a multifunctional approach the work offers a methodological path to assess the future contributions of urban Byzantine archaeology and to interpret other possible models of Byzantine urbanism. Focusing on Athens, Gortyn, Ephesos and Amastris, the author gives a detailed analysis of each urban centre in its own regional context (Anatolia, and finally, Italy, and Syria-Palestine), allowing him to draw a regionally nuanced model of Byzantine urbanism that unifies the regional models set out in each case study and helps explain the specific outcomes of Byzantine urbanism from late Antiquity to the early middle ages, taking into consideration the dialectic between coastal and mainland sites and the peculiarities of each geographical area.

The main aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of all published research on sites of the Urnfield culture (c. 1300 BC - 750 BC) in continental Croatia. Using the basic division into settlements, cemeteries and hoards, the author concentrates on the analysis of the material culture following a typological-comparative method, while in the analysis of the finds from hoards a statistical method was used in order to show frequencies and distribution of certain types of items. Although the available data is scarce and includes a small number of sites that have not been excavated sufficiently, the study tries to obtain as complete a picture on the lifestyle of the people of the Urnfield culture in Croatia as possible. The work also looks for an insight into the economic activities that were occurring in the settlements. In the chapter on settlement finds there is a concentrated on the analysis of material culture and residential structures found in the settlements at Mackovac-Cricnjevi (early Urnfield culture) and Kalnik-Igris¿e I and II (early and late Urnfield culture). Chapters on metal production and the appearance of hoards are linked to the chapter on settlements, as the assumption is that the production of these items took place within the Urnfield culture settlements. The wide variety of types and forms of bronze items found in hoards of the Urnfield culture in Croatia is indicative of local production of these items, as well as of a link of this region with other areas in Pannonia and the Carpathian Basin, as well as with the whole Middle Danube circle of the Urnfield culture. Thus, a comparison with sites and finds from Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia was necessary.

The first part of the book analyses the most recent studies on Romanisation. It focuses on the settlement systems and on the definition that can be given to different built-up areas. Comparing various modern research fields, including settlement geography and specific studies in antiquity such as historical, epigraphic and archaeological sources, this research aims to elaborate a valid model for the Roman Period that could be used, more specifically, in the Salento area. Three different settlement categories have been identified and divided at an internal level into different typologies of built-up areas. At an interpretative level, it has been demonstrated that such settlements could be related to ancient terminology. This research enables a diachronic reading of the settlement system. In addition, it offers an interpretation of the typologies of the different built-up areas in the Salento during the different phases in which the Roman age has been divided. In Appendix can be found the census of all sites of Roman Age in the Salento between the end of the 3rd century B.C. and the 6th century AD. This census has led to the realization of a catalogue of over 300 records of settlements.

Epigraphers of the Mayan hieroglyphic writing system have demonstrated that a single verb root lies behind a substantial array of royal rituals. At the same time, astronomically oriented studies have found the same root associated with the events of celestial bodies. Perhaps the best known of the latter is the operative verb within the Dresden Codex Venus Pages. This book tackles ostensibly minor incongruities within current interpretations of the Venus Pages to reveal a trajectory that resolves the difference between astronomical and epigraphic treatments of the verb in question. In an attempt to ameliorate these inconsistencies, textual data external to the Dresden Codex, both temporally and geographically, are brought into consideration. The external data reveals an unexpected linguistic and thematic continuity, which further challenges current calendric interpretations of the Venus Pages. Rectifying the calendric inconsistency requires a substantial reinterpretation of the procedure for utilizing the Preface to the Venus Table; in so doing, a new solution to the long enigmatic interval of 9,100 days is proposed. This last move introduces a reconsideration of the Venus Table in its entirety, with a focus on k'al, the operative verb throughout the table, such that we gain access to a perspective of ritual time and space that appears to have been held throughout Mesoamerica. This essay appeals to calendrics, iconography, hieroglyphs, and architecture to suggest that k'al referred to a ritual 'enclosing'or 'loop-tracing' in space and time.

Estudio paleoambiental en el valle del Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra)Combined palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies of European high mountains are still rare. This integrated research aims to understand the long-term landscape shaping of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valley (Andorra, Eastern Pyrenees), included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. A palaeoenvironmental study combining pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, and macrocharcoal was carried out in natural basins and results were integrated with archaeological on-site data. Distinct phases of local landscape variability are detected and related to the spatial organization of land-uses from the Neolithic to the Modern Era. This study underlines the role of social, economic and cultural parameters in the landscape shaping of European highlands since the Prehistory.

Reconstitution et analyse d'une source perdue fondamentale sur la civilisation Azte¿que, d'apre¿s l'Historia de las Indias de Nueva Espan¿a de D. Durän (1581) et la Cro¿nica Mexicana de F.A. Tezozomoc (ca. 1598)Written and illustrated in Nahuatl, the Crónica X is one of our major sources on Aztec history, from the mythical origins to the Spanish Conquest. However, it only reaches us through derived documents, including especially two adaptations in Spanish of the last quarter of the XVIth century, completed respectively by a Dominican friar of Spanish origin, Diego Durán, and by one of the grandsons of Motecuhzoma II, the native historian Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc. This present volume is a modern reconstruction of this important historical source.

Proceedings of the 6th International Boeotian ConferenceUpdated papers from a 1989 conference; 25 contributors covering periods from prehistory to modern eras.

Grave goods show that women were identified as weavers in the early Anglo-Saxon period, rather than specifically spinners, as occurs later. A key piece of weaving equipment found in migration era burials is the iron beater, shaped during this period like a sword. Spear shaped beaters appear later in the seventh century.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 22A study of sexuality in Aztec myth and culture.