Böcker i British Archaeological Reports International Series-serien

This study reconstructs the socio-economic and technological aspects of a marble workshop from the Chalcolithic site of Kulaksýzlar in western Anatolia. A comprehensive analysis of material remains from the surface surveys carried out at this site has been utilized, along with the results of replication experiments and ethnographic evidence, to deal with several archaeological and theoretical considerations, including: Determining how Kulaksýzlar marble working was organized and what the economic, social, and symbolic relations of production were; discussing what this specialized craft activity implies for our understanding of the Chalcolithic western Anatolian culture and society; and demonstrating one way that specialized craft activity may have developed independently in pre-urban times. The available archaeological evidence presented an opportunity to outline a model of how pre-urban specialization occurred at Kulaksýzlar in western Anatolia before the Bronze Age.

The main goal of this research is to know the exploitation of the faunal diversity during the Holocene in the Horn of Africa, especially in the arid plain of Gobaad in Djibouti and in the mountainous region of Wolayta in Ethiopia. For that purpose, the author has studied faunal collections (more than 70 000 remains and 34 species) from five archaeological sites occupied from the 5th millennium BC to the 1st millennium AD. Both these regions offer very different natural environments, in which the presenceof specialized societies of hunter-gatherers is evident. By integrating the findings of this research with data from the neighbouring countries, and by comparing them with all archaeological data, it appears that the diffusion of farming came from acculturation more than migration. The environmental and cultural diversity of the Horn of Africa encouraged the emergence of numerous patterns for the later adoption of pastoralism.

21 papers from an international conference on Identities held at the University of Leipzig in December 2000.

Volume 53 in the series of Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology focuses on the old sultanate of Darfur, in the westen part of modern Sudan, and, in particular its stone architecture from c. AD 1000-1750 (before its fall to the forces of European colonialism). Proper archaeological work has yet to begin in Darfur and a full study of the known physical evidence, with the associated traditions, has yet to be completed. This volume presents a study of the physical and linguistic evidence, and oral traditions that take regional contexts into account, and therefore provides a framework for archaeological investigation. The existing literature is examined in depth to separate fact from fiction, and to suggest the most promising avenues for further research.

This book includes papers from the proceedings of the Manchester Conference on Archaeology and Religion held at Ashburne Hall, The University of Manchester, in September 2002.

This study attempts to give a comprehensive picture of the estate of the Tobiad family at Tyros in the territory of Ammon. The site is some 20km. west-south-west of present-day Amman, capital of Jordan, and is now called Airaq al-Amir. The Tobiad family played an important role in the history of Judaea over a period of more than three hundred years and the study will examine them in the context of their estate at Tyros, during the turmoil of the Hellenistic phase of Jewish history.

This study, the result of excavations stretching back to 1975, looks at the process of village formation during the second holocene era at Dhars Tichitt and Oualata in Mauritania, which make up the first large scale villagisation in the Sahara region.

Tell el-Hayyat, the focus of this volume, is situated in the Jordan Rift Valley approximately two kilometres east of the Jordan River on the first terrace above the present floodplain. This work details the authors' investigations of agrarian economy andecology as they illuminate the roles of rural communities in the larger context of the first urbanized civilizations. The study explores the ways in which small farming villages like Tell el-Hayyat contributed and responded to the rise and fall of Bronze Age town life in the southern Levant. A rural perspective is particularly appropriate for this region amid its long legacy of sedentary agriculture, dynamic urban-rural relations, and their ecological consequences.

This volume presents a zooarchaeological study of eleven Gallo-Roman bone assemblages retrieved over the past fifteen years from rescue excavations in Paris. The Roman occupation of 'Lutecia' is divided into four periods (1st c. BC - 4th c AD). The limits of the antique city on the left bank of the Seine are situated within the 5th and 6th districts of today's city of Paris. Only a restricted area of the right bank is occupied. Two Necropolises are known and are located at the south and south east of these limits. Until now, no Iron-age occupation has been found under the Roman city. Eight of the studied assemblages are habitat contexts, two are located in dump areas of the city, and the last specialized in ceramic production. The finds help to improve our understanding of Gallo-Roman society while emphasizing the influence of the conquest on native peoples. Considerable progress has been made towards a more comprehensive understanding of the provisioning of urban contexts, the hierarchy of food and the status of consumers. In addition, light is shed on some aspects of butchery and meat redistribution and the post-conquest orientation of agriculture. This work increases the resolution of zooarchaeology in the analysis of antique societies and these advances will further increase the interest of classical archaeology in the collection and study of animal bones.

This book includes ten papers deriving from the session 'Ceramics in the New Millennium' presented at the 2002 EAA Conference in Thessaloniki.

Indagini Archeologiche in un Acquedotto Alpino del XVI Sec.

A study of the Nasca region and culture (Peru) from 200 BC to AD 650.

The main focus of this work is the oxygen and strontium isotope analysis of cattle teeth from three LBK settlements and human teeth from a cemetery. These samples provide information about seasonality and location. The combination of the two different isotope systems from the enamel of the same tooth allows for a differentiation between seasonal mobility and a more sedentary pattern of animal husbandry, and a determination of the time of year and pasture locations used. This study concentrates on southwest Germany and examines systematically these multiple perspectives and evaluates them in conjunction with current hypotheses about the spatial organization of LBK animal husbandry.

This is a third in a series of definitive publications on the excavations of medieval sites in Nubia. It is concerned with the funerary remains uncovered in two cemeteries, one on the island of Kulubnarti, the other on the adjacent left bank of the Nile.The report includes detailed descriptions of grave types which are set within their Nubian medieval context. Special attention is given to the analysis of textiles found as well as to the physiscal anthropology.

This is an ethnoarcaheological study exploring social and economic lives of specialized producers: blacksmiths, potters and masons, working in the Middle Niger area. The area was chosen because archaeological finds evidence some two thousand years of pottery making andiron smelting and forging. The three groups studied showed striking differences between them. The study included interest in persons and systems which resulted in considerations of specialization, and dedicated lineage production in the past, and the possible roles these may have played in Iron Age urbanism.

This volume forms the report of an archaeological survey project carried out in an area of the coastal strip of southern Turkey.

This volume presents 36 papers from ten Interpreting Stratigraphy conferences held between June 1993 and February 1997. The conferences offered informal opportunities for fieldworkers interested in stratigraphic excavation, and the problems and potentialit embodied, to create a context for discussions with like-minded people. The focus remains on papers attempting to outline new ideas and perspectives, and those summarizing organizational or methodological work in progress.

This volume contains a selection of papers delivered at the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference held at Cardiff University in 1999. They derive from the session entitled 'The interpretation and Structure of Ritual Space', which was intended to provide a forum for new research concerning ritual landscapes and material culture. Of the 12 papers delivered at the conference session, 9 are published here, covering a broad chronological range from Neolithic ritual landscapes to medieval churches.

A discussion of Late Classical and Hellenistic fortifications in Magna Graecia, looking in particular at those of southern Italy, excluding Sicily.

This volume, which is entirely devoted to African cookware, attempts to fill a gap in the field of Roman pottery studies. African cookware, one of the few Roman cooking wares subjected to voluminous interregional trade or exchange, was produced in the province of Africa Proconsularis (present-day Tunisia) from the early 1st at least to the late 5th century AD. In general, the quantity in which African cookware is frequently found outside Tunisia is another reason that makes it a rewarding subject for a detailed study. But while the state-subsidized traffic in agricultural products from Roman Africa has traditionally been regarded as a decisive factor, attention has seldom been paid to the life cycle of African cookware. As the life cycle of pottery includes all the stages from the acquisition of raw materials to the consumption of finished pots, the following discussion introduces a holistic examination of extended sherd families from some twenty-one hundred African cookware vessels found in the Late Roman deposits of the Palatine East excavations (ca. AD 270-550), one of the major excavation projects taken place in Rome within the last twenty years. The first objective of this volume is to use the study assemblage to trace down the technological choicesrelated to African cookware fabrics, forms, and other aspects of production. A further important stimulus for this study lies in the history of Roman pottery studies, the most obvious reason being the long-lasting lack of interest towards the class of undecorated common wares. It is hardly surprising that African cookware has never been studied as a unique group, but only in association with the corresponding tableware, African Red Slip ware.

This catalogue of the metal parts of ploughing implements from Gallia and Germania Superior is an expanded work based on the author's thesis 'Researches on the ploughing implements and the working on the soil in Gallia Belgica'. The essentially multidisciplinary methodology of this research, bearing in particular on technical studies of ploughing implements, necessitated the technical representation of metal parts in the form of a catalogue in addition to the customary archaeological drawings. This volume, therefore, most often uses these two forms of representation. A classification based on the use of the parts, 'socketed shares', 'tanged shares' and 'coulters', is employed. This catalogue contains 51 entries of socketed shares, 31 of tanged shares and 37 of coulters, representing in all 119 entries. Although inevitably incomplete, with data collection ending in 2000, it is the first catalogue of these types of metal parts to have been published for the Gallia provinces and Germania Superior. An accompanying textual analysis is provided by the same author in: BAR S1235, 2004 "Recherches sur les instruments aratoires et le travail du sol en Gaule Belgique" (ISBN 9781841715940).

This work is a study of rock shelter sites used by arctic hunter-gatherers of all periods in the specific physical landscape of continental climate-type tundra in the interior of Central West Greenland investigated by field-surveys from 1999-2002. Excavations alone do not reveal the full significance of these sites and the author includes a review of the ethnographic and ethno-historic sources which show the large variability in the use of caves, rock shelters and boulders: places for telling stories, homes for mythical beings, entrances to the underworld, and centres for ritual and 'magic'.

This research explores 4 main genera of bovids found in major Middle and Upper Pleistocene sites in the wider Mediterranean area and the Caucasus. Four geographical zones offer sites from Spain to Azerbaijan and include sites at Caune de l'Arago, Portel-Ouest, Arbreda, Hortus, Orgnac 3, Karaïn, Sakazia, and Asych. From a comprehensive study of the faunal evidence, the work provides an outline of early man's relationship to the environment across a wide area. Typically, a zooarchaeological approach was applied to the sites and levels of units I and III of the Caune de l'Arago. Levels M, N and O from unit I correspond to carnivore occupations while in most of the levels of unit III, argali accumulation is due to human occupation. In level F dated from about 440,000 years, the cavity was occupied from the end of spring to the beginning of summer by groups which practised non selective hunting and argali was the main prey. The study of locomotive and dietary adaptations shows that fossil populations had verycomparable adaptations to those of current populations. Dental microwear shows the seasonal changes in food selection which varied with the hunting season of small bovids and with palaeoenvironmental conditions.

This book attempts to explain the development of exchange relations between the two culturally distinct societies of Yap and Ulithi, Western Caroline Islands (Pacific Ocean). Much has been written about past interactions between Yap and Ulithi, both members of a larger exchange system known as "sawei." This study contributes to the long-term effort of research on interactions between Yap and the coral atolls of the Western Caroline Islands by adding ceramic analyses from archaeological contexts and diachronic explication of the ethnohistoric data pertaining to exchange. The author includes chemical characterization data from Yapese and Ulithian contexts to address questions about ceramic exchange and culture change. Before integrating the fragmentaryarchaeological and ethnohistoric records of exchange, ethnohistoric records are independently analyzed and structured into a diachronic paradigm. Archaeological and ethnohistorical records are integrated to construct a model of past Yap-Ulithi exchange. This model encompasses the time period between the earliest archaeological evidence of interaction on Mogmog (cal A.D. 620, AA-21212) to the end of the nineteenth century, when inter-island voyages were forbidden by the German and later the Japanese colonial governments. The distinct epistemologies of archaeological and ethnohistoric records of exchange are also examined to understand the possible integration of these vital data.

This honorary volume offered to Paolo Biagi for his 65th birthday brings together papers by his friends, former students and colleagues, who have shared with him research experiences on different geographical regions and topics. Paolo Biagi, one of the outstanding Italian prehistorians, was elected in 2009 as Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in recognition of his original work in the field, studying the environmental contexts and lithic technologies of a wide range of human cultures, from Europe to the Indian sub-continent. The twelve papers in this volume cover the fields of Paolo Biagi's scientific activity, extending from the prehistory from northern Italy, the Adriatic and the Aegean, to the Indus Valley. The topics covered include the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, the Neolithization of the Mediterranean Basin, and archaeometric approaches to prehistoric archaeology. Other contributions are look at matters philosophical and theoretical, and offer an original view of the human past.

The main objective of this book is to discuss parts of the later life histories of burial mounds by studying local interests in them through folklore, but also disturbances and reuses of them. To this end, this study discusses folklore about burial mounds in the two Norwegian southern counties of Agder. These mounds were constructed as the burial places for the dead, in Norway built with a changing frequency during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age (c.1800 BC-AD 1050). These narratives, told by those people who have lived in their vicinity, document a local interest in the monuments, but also question who are the stakeholders and who should be the stewards of the archaeological record. These issues are discussed by scrutinizing the following three main topics: 1. Discussion: of selected parts of the later life histories of burial mounds, mainly during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, confined to oral narratives and folkbeliefs about them, but also their disturbance. 2. Reflexivity: attaining knowledge on how archaeologists - but also other scholars - have viewed and responded to the discussion of life histories of archaeological monuments, mainly from the establishment of archaeology as an academic discipline around 1840 and until around the year 2000. 3. Indigenization: considering to what extent the interests of non-archaeologists should be included by archaeologists and in heritage management, which has also been termed ethnocritical archaeology.

While excavating the protohistoric settlement of Mas Castellar (Pontós-Alt Empordà, eastern Spain), an interesting pit (FS362) was found that contained many samples of food remains - mammals, birds and fish - as well as various pottery fragments. This present study details all the materials collected and provides an insight into the dietary habits of the Catalan-Iberian world between 500-300 BC. The upper layers sealing the pit contained plentiful remains of wrought iron, enabling the investigators to study the level of ironwork development at the period. The quantity and quality of the materials found suggest that a banquet or special feast may have taken place within a fortified settlement, where a festive event associated with the blacksmiths' trade might have been celebrated. The work also reviews the historiography of the time, the handling of foods, the utensils and vessels used, as well as food and midden sites found at Catalan-Iberian settlements.

This volume presents a catalogue and analysis of those Bronze Age ceramics excavated at Troy by Schliemann which are now housed at Munich and Poznan. The detailed (140 page) discussion proposes typologies and chronologies for the various artefact types (pottery, whorls, loom weights, and pierced pottery disc sherds) as well as remarks on function.

This book examines the Uyuni, who inhabited the Intersalar area of south-west Bolivia in Prehispanic times. This is one of the main centres for the exploitation of salt which enabled the inhabitants to obtain miscellaneous complementary products such as corn, chilli, wood, coca leaves etc. Various archaeological data, gathered from 110 sites dated to six periods (Formative Horizon, Ancient Intermediary, Middle Horizon, Late Intermediary, the Inca, Colonial and Contemporary), show that this area was once the centre of strong human occupancy. Settlements and small finds are discussed resulting in a comprehensive picture of life over centuries.