Böcker i Geophysical Monograph Series-serien

GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIESNitrogen Overload Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs Human activities generate large amounts of excess nitrogen, which has dramatically altered the nitrogen cycle. Reactive forms of nitrogen, especially nitrate and ammonia, are particularly detrimental. Given the magnitude of the problem, there is an urgent need for information on reactive nitrogen and its effective management. Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of alterations to the nitrogen cycle over the past century and the wide-ranging consequences of nitrogen-based pollution, especially to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Volume highlights include: Comprehensive background information on the nitrogen cycle Detailed description of anthropogenic nitrogen sources Review of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of nitrogen pollution Recommendations and strategies for reducing humanity's nitrogen footprint Discussion of national nitrogen footprints and worldwide examples of mitigation policies The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Exploring the processes and phenomena of Earth's dayside magnetosphereEnergy and momentum transfer, initially taking place at the dayside magnetopause, is responsible for a variety of phenomenon that we can measure on the ground. Data obtained from observations of Earth's dayside magnetosphere increases our knowledge of the processes by which solar wind mass, momentum, and energy enter the magnetosphere.Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions outlines the physics and processes of dayside magnetospheric phenomena, the role of solar wind in generating ultra-low frequency waves, and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.Volume highlights include:* Phenomena across different temporal and spatial scales* Discussions on dayside aurora, plume dynamics, and related dayside reconnection* Results from spacecraft observations, ground-based observations, and simulations* Discoveries from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and Van Allen Probes era* Exploration of foreshock, bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and cusps* Examination of similar processes occurring around other planetsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors

This book is Open Access. A digital copy can be downloaded for free from Wiley Online Library.Explores the behavior of carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids under extreme conditionsCarbon trapped in diamonds and carbonate-bearing rocks in subduction zones are examples of the continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior. However, there is still much to learn about the forms, transformations, and movements of carbon deep inside the Earth.Carbon in Earth's Interior presents recent research on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon-bearing materials and serves as a reference point for future carbon science research.Volume highlights include:* Data from mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geodynamics* Research on the deep carbon cycle and carbon in magmas or fluids* Dynamics, structure, stability, and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials* Properties of allied substances that carry carbon* Rates of chemical and physical transformations of carbonThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

The Space Physics and Aeronomy collection is a five-volume set of books presenting the latest scientific observations, models, and theories. Arranged sequentially, the books examine the Sun and the solar wind, magnetospheres in the Solar system, Earth's ionosphere, Earth's upper atmosphere, and the effects of space weather.Volume 1: Solar Physics and Solar Wind -- A comprehensive view of our Sun at the start of a new era in solar and heliospheric physicsVolume 2: Magnetospheres in the Solar System -- An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physicsVolume 3: Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications -- A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regionsVolume 4: Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics -- A comprehensive overview of the structure and variability of the upper atmosphereVolume 5: Space Weather Effects and Applications -- Examines how solar and terrestrial space phenomena affect sophisticated technological systemsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief.

Finalist for the 2021 PROSE Award for Earth Science!Explore the dramatic forces that have shaped the Icelandic landscape over 30 million yearsIceland's formation and ongoing evolution offers a masterclass in geophysical processes. Iceland: Tectonics, Volcanics, and Glacial Features presents a regional guide to the landscape of this unique island.Accessible to academics, students, novice geologists, and tourists alike, chapters reflect the most popular way to explore the island, beginning in the southwest region and ending in the northwest.Volume highlights include:* An overview of Iceland's geologic history* Exploration of the dynamic tectonic setting that has shaped the island* Descriptions of landscape features of active and extinct volcanoes* Discussion of the impact of glaciation in the past and present* Techniques for monitoring geologic hazards* Developments in harnessing geothermal energyThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors

An introduction to geomagnetic storms and the hazards they pose at the Earth's surfaceGeomagnetic storms are a type of space weather event that can create Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) which, once they reach Earth's surface, can interfere with power grids and transport infrastructure. Understanding the characteristics and impacts of GICs requires scientific insights from solar physics, magnetospheric physics, aeronomy, and ionospheric physics, as well as geophysics and power engineering.Geomagnetically Induced Currents from the Sun to the Power Grid is a practical introduction for researchers and practitioners that provides tools and techniques from across these disciplines.Volume highlights include:* Analysis of causes of geomagnetic storms that create GICs* Data and methods used to analyze and forecast GIC hazard* GIC impacts on the infrastructure of the bulk power system* Analysis techniques used in different areas of GIC research* New methods to validate and predict GICs in transmission systems

An interdisciplinary study of the Kuroshio nutrient streamThe surface water of the Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific Ocean, is nutrient-depleted and has relatively low primary productivity, yet abundant fish populations are supported in the region. This is called the "Kuroshio Paradox".Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics presents research from a multidisciplinary team that conducted observational and modeling studies to investigate this contradiction. This timely and important contribution to the ocean sciences literature provides a comprehensive analysis of the Kuroshio.Volume highlights include:* New insights into the role of the Kuroshio as a nutrient stream* The first interdisciplinary examination of the Kuroshio Paradox* Reflections on the influence of the Kuroshio on Japanese culture* Research results on both the lower and higher trophic levels in the Kuroshio ecosystem* Comparisons of nutrient dynamics in the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream* Predictions of ecosystem responses to future climate variability

A rigorous mathematical problem-solving framework for analyzing the Earth's energy resourcesGeoEnergy encompasses the range of energy technologies and sources that interact with the geological subsurface. Fossil fuel availability studies have historically lacked concise modeling, tending instead toward heuristics and overly-complex processes. Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal details leading-edge research based on a mathematically-oriented approach to geoenergy analysis.Volume highlights include:* Applies a formal mathematical framework to oil discovery, depletion, and analysis* Employs first-order applied physics modeling, decreasing computational resource requirements* Illustrates model interpolation and extrapolation to fill out missing or indeterminate data* Covers both stochastic and deterministic mathematical processes for historical analysis and prediction* Emphasizes the importance of up-to-date data, accessed through the companion website* Demonstrates the advantages of mathematical modeling over conventional heuristic and empirical approaches* Accurately analyzes the past and predicts the future of geoenergy depletion and renewal using models derived from observed production dataIntuitive mathematical models and readily available algorithms make Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal an insightful and invaluable resource for scientists and engineers using robust statistical and analytical tools applicable to oil discovery, reservoir sizing, dispersion, production models, reserve growth, and more.

Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro to global scale Geared toward academic and research geoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change.

Ein ausführlicher Praxisleitfaden zu Methoden für die Lösung komplexer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik.In der Erdöltechnik dominieren übergreifende wissenschaftliche und mathematische Prinzipien. Allerdings gibt es immer wieder Lücken zwischen Theorie und praktischer Anwendung. Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows stellt Methoden für die Lösung einer Vielzahl praktischer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik vor. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer spezifischen Problemstellung, beschreibt Formeln zur Erläuterung der primären Prinzipien dieses Problems und zeigt im Anschluss einfach nachvollziehbare Handreichungen für die praktische Anwendung. Hauptmerkmale dieses Bandes:- Fundierter und integrierter Ansatz für die Lösung inverser Probleme.- Ausführliche Untersuchung der Abläufe, einschließlich Modell- und Parametervalidierung.- Einfache Ansätze für die Lösung komplexer mathematischer Probleme.- Komplexe Berechnungen, die sich mit einfachen Methoden leicht implementieren lassen.- Überblick über wichtige Herangehensweisen, die für die Software- und Anwendungsentwicklung notwendig sind.- Formel- und Modellhandreichungen für die Diagnose, erstmalige Parametermodellierung, Simulation und Regression.Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows ist ein wertvolles Referenzwerk für die Praxis und richtet sich an eine breite Zielgruppe: Geowissenschaftler, Explorationsgeologen und Ingenieure. Dieser zugängliche Leitfaden, ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die Lösung alltäglicher Probleme in der Eröltechnik, eignet sich ebenfalls gut für Studenten im Hauptstudium, Postgraduierte, Berater, Softwareentwickler und Berufspraktiker.

Elektrische Ströme spielen für die Struktur und Dynamik von Plasmen im Weltraum, aber auch für den erdnahen Weltraum oder Geospace, eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Band führt in einem integrierten Ansatz an das Thema elektrischer Ströme heran und bildet deren Phänomene und physikalische Eigenschaften für viele Regionen ab. In einem Werk werden eine Vielzahl von Themen behandelt, mit denen sich die Pioniere auf dem Gebiet der elektrischen Ströme im Weltraum beschäftigen, weiterhin Mess- und Analyseverfahren sowie unzählige Typen elektrischer Ströme.- Seit über einem Jahrzehnt erstmals wieder eine Publikation zu elektrischen Strömen, das einen fundierten und aktuellen Einblick in den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung bietet.- Präsentiert die jüngsten Fortschritte im Hinblick auf Beobachtungen, Simulationen und die Theorie elektrischer Ströme.- Bietet einen vergleichenden Überblick über elektrische Ströme im Weltraum bei verschiedenen Himmelskörpern.Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond ist ein ausgezeichnetes Referenzwerk für Weltraumwissenschaftler, Astronomen und Astrophysiker, die Weltraumplasmen im Sonnensystem untersuchen.

Under the Earth's surface is a rich array of geological resources, many with potential use to humankind. However, extracting and harnessing them comes with enormous uncertainties, high costs, and considerable risks. The valuation of subsurface resources involves assessing discordant factors to produce a decision model that is functional and sustainable. This volume provides real-world examples relating to oilfields, geothermal systems, contaminated sites, and aquifer recharge.Volume highlights include:* A multi-disciplinary treatment of uncertainty quantification* Case studies with actual data that will appeal to methodology developers* A Bayesian evidential learning framework that reduces computation and modeling timeQuantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems is a multidisciplinary volume that brings together five major fields: information science, decision science, geosciences, data science and computer science. It will appeal to both students and practitioners, and be a valuable resource for geoscientists, engineers and applied mathematicians.Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/quantifying-uncertainty-about-earths-resources

Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.

Water, energy and food are key resources to sustain life, and are the fundamental to national, regional and global economies. These three resources are interlinked in multiple ways, and the term nexus captures the interconnections.

Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.

Although bioenergy is a renewable energy source, it is not without impact on the environment. Both the cultivation of crops specifically for use as biofuels and the use of agricultural byproducts to generate energy changes the landscape, affects ecosystems, and impacts the climate. Bioenergy and Land Use Change focuses on regional and global assessments of land use change related to bioenergy and the environmental impacts. This interdisciplinary volume provides both high level reviews and in-depth analyses on specific topics. Volume highlights include: Land use change concepts, economics, and modeling Relationships between bioenergy and land use change Impacts on soil carbon, soil health, water quality, and the hydrologic cycle Impacts on natural capital and ecosystem services Effects of bioenergy on direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions Biogeochemical and biogeophysical climate regulation Uncertainties and challenges associated with land use change quantification and environmental impact assessments Bioenergy and Land Use Change is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and graduate students from a wide variety of fields including energy, economics, ecology, geography, agricultural science, geoscience, and environmental science.

Seismoelectric coupling and its current and potential future applicationsThe seismoelectric method--the naturally-occurring coupling of seismic waves to electromagnetic fields--can provide insight into important properties of porous media. With a variety of potential environmental and engineering uses, as well as larger scale applications such as earthquake detection and oil and gas exploration, it offers a number of advantages over conventional geophysical methods.Seismoelectric Exploration: Theory, Experiments, and Applications explores the coupling between poroelastic and electromagnetic disturbances, discussing laboratory experiments, numerical modeling techniques, recent theoretical developments, and field studies. Volume highlights include:* Physics of the seismoelectric effect at the microscale* Governing equations describing coupled seismo-electromagnetic fields* Examples of successful seismoelectric field experiments in different geological settings* Current and potential applications of seismoelectric coupling* Noise removal techniques for seismoelectric field measurementsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Microstructural GeochronologyGeochronology techniques enable the study of geological evolution and environmental change over time. This volume integrates two aspects of geochronology: one based on classical methods of orientation and spatial patterns, and the other on ratios of radioactive isotopes and their decay products.The chapters illustrate how material science techniques are taking this field to the atomic scale, enabling us to image the chemical and structural record of mineral lattice growth and deformation, and sometimes the patterns of radioactive parent and daughter atoms themselves, to generate a microstructural geochronology from some of the most resilient materials in the solar system.* First compilation of research focusing on the crystal structure, material properties, and chemical zoning of the geochronology mineral archive down to nanoscale* Novel comparisons of mineral time archives from different rocky planets and asteroids and their shock metamorphic histories* Fundamentals on how to reconstruct and date radiogenic isotope distributions using atom probe tomographyMicrostructural Geochronology will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, and researchers in the fields of petrology, geochronology, mineralogy, geochemistry, planetary geology, astrobiology, chemistry, and material science. It will also appeal to philosophers and historians of science from other disciplines.

Global Flood Hazard Flooding is a costly natural disaster in terms of damage to land, property and infrastructure. This volume describes the latest tools and technologies for modeling, mapping, and predicting largeΓÇôscale flood risk. It also presents readers with a range of remote sensing data sets successfully used for predicting and mapping floods at different scales. These resources can enable policymakers, public planners, and developers to plan for, and respond to, flooding with greater accuracy and effectiveness. Describes the latest largeΓÇôscale modeling approaches, including hydrological models, 2ΓÇôD flood inundation models, and global flood forecasting models Showcases new tools and technologies such as Aqueduct, a new webΓÇôbased tool used for global assessment and projection of future flood risk under climate change scenarios Features case studies describing bestΓÇôpractice uses of modeling techniques, tools, and technologies  Global Flood Hazard is an indispensable resource for researchers, consultants, practitioners, and policy makers dealing with flood risk, flood disaster response, flood management, and flood mitigation. 

Applications of remote sensing technology for monitoring and predicting water-related hazardsWater-related hazards such as floods and droughts have serious impacts on society. Their incidence has increased in recent decades, a trend set to continue with ongoing climate change. Adaptation and mitigation measures require accurate detection, monitoring, and forecasting, much of which comes from remote sensing technologies.Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards takes an interdisciplinary approach, presenting recent advances in the available data, sensors, models, and indicators developed for monitoring and prediction.Volume highlights include:* Progress in remote sensing of precipitation, storms, and tornados* Different techniques for flood mapping, forecasting, and early warning* Integrated approach for predicting flood and landslide cascading hazards* Satellite monitoring of water cycle variation, water scarcity, and drought conditions* Multi-indicator and multi-sensor approaches for quantifying drought impactsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States.Volume highlights include:* Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them* Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events* Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes* Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo-ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies* Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and predictionWritten for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.

Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Dawn-dusk asymmetries are ubiquitous features of the plasma environment of many of the planets in our solar system. They occur when a particular process or feature is more pronounced at one side of a planet than the other.

Advances in theories, methods and applications for shale resource useShale is the dominant rock in the sedimentary record. It is also the subject of increased interest because of the growing contribution of shale oil and gas to energy supplies, as well as the potential use of shale formations for carbon dioxide sequestration and nuclear waste storage.Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering brings together geoscience and engineering to present the latest models, methods and applications for understanding and exploiting shale formations.Volume highlights include:* Review of current knowledge on shale geology* Latest shale engineering methods such as horizontal drilling* Reservoir management practices for optimized oil and gas field development* Examples of economically and environmentally viable methods of hydrocarbon extraction from shale* Discussion of issues relating to hydraulic fracking, carbon sequestration, and nuclear waste storage

A multidisciplinary update on continental plate tectonics and plate boundary discontinuitiesUnderstanding the origin and evolution of the continental crust continues to challenge Earth scientists. Lithospheric Discontinuities offers a multidisciplinary review of fine scale layering within the continental lithosphere to aid the interpretation of geologic layers. Once Earth scientists can accurately decipher the history, internal dynamics, and evolution of the continental lithosphere, we will have a clearer understanding of how the crust formed, how plate tectonics began, and how our continents became habitable.Volume highlights:* Theories and observations of the current state of tectonic boundaries and discontinuities* Contributions on field observations, laboratory experiments, and geodynamic predictions from leading experts in the field* Mantle fabrics in response to various mantle deformation processes* Insights on fluid distribution using geophysical observations, and thermal and viscosity constraints from dynamic modeling* Discontinuities associated with lithosphere and lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary* An integrated study of the evolving physical and chemical processes associated with lithosphere asthenosphere interactionWritten for academic and researchgeoscientists, particularly in the field of tectonophysics, geophysicists, geodynamics, seismology, structural geology, environmental geology, and geoengineering, Lithospheric Discontinuities is a valuable resource that sheds light on the origin and evolution of plate interaction processes.

Several scholars across the globe identified the present lack of high quality damage data as the main constraint to efficient risk mitigation. The need for a systematic collection of damage data in the aftermath of flood events come into light, thus the aim being the creation of complete and reliable databases.

Over a half century of exploration of the Earth s space environment, it has become evident that the interaction between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere plays a dominant role in the evolution and dynamics of magnetospheric plasmas and fields.

The latest knowledge on mineral ore genesis and the exploration of ore depositsGlobal demand for metals has risen considerably over the past decade. Geologists are developing new approaches for studying ore deposits and discovering new sources. Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a compilation of diverse case studies on new prospects in ore deposit geology including atypical examples of mineral deposits and new methods for ore exploration.Volume highlights include:* Presentation of the latest research on a range of ore deposit types* Application of ore deposits to multiple areas of geology and geophysical exploration* Emphasis on diverse methods and tools for the study of ore deposits* Useful case studies for geologists in both academia and industryOre Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation is a valuable resource for economic geologists, mineralogists, petrologists, geochemists, mining engineers, research professionals, and advanced students in relevant areas of academic study.Read an interview with the editors to find out more:https://eos.org/editors-vox/developments-in-the-continuing-search-for-new-mineral-deposits

The monograph covers the fundamentals and the consequences of extreme geophysical phenomena like asteroid impacts, climatic change, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flooding, and space weather. This monograph also addresses their associated, local and worldwide socio-economic impacts.