Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments Dawn-dusk asymmetries are ubiquitous features of the plasma environment of many of the planets in our solar system. They occur when a particular process or feature is more pronounced at one side of a planet than the other.
Earthquakes are some of the most dynamic features of the Earth. This multidisciplinary volume presents an overview of earthquake processes and properties including the physics of dynamic faulting, fault fabric and mechanics, physical and chemical properties of fault zones, dynamic rupture processes, and numerical modeling of fault zones during seismic rupture. This volume examines questions such as: What are the dynamic processes recorded in fault gouge? What can we learn about rupture dynamics from laboratory experiments? How do on-fault and off-fault properties affect seismic ruptures? How do fault zones evolve over time? Fault Zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties During Seismic Rupture is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students from across the geosciences interested in the earthquakes processes.
Advances in theories, methods and applications for shale resource useShale is the dominant rock in the sedimentary record. It is also the subject of increased interest because of the growing contribution of shale oil and gas to energy supplies, as well as the potential use of shale formations for carbon dioxide sequestration and nuclear waste storage.Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering brings together geoscience and engineering to present the latest models, methods and applications for understanding and exploiting shale formations.Volume highlights include:* Review of current knowledge on shale geology* Latest shale engineering methods such as horizontal drilling* Reservoir management practices for optimized oil and gas field development* Examples of economically and environmentally viable methods of hydrocarbon extraction from shale* Discussion of issues relating to hydraulic fracking, carbon sequestration, and nuclear waste storage
Pre-Earthquake signals are advanced warnings of a larger seismic event. A better understanding of these processes can help to predict the characteristics of the subsequent mainshock. Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies presents the latest research on earthquake forecasting and prediction based on observations and physical modeling in China, Greece, Italy, France, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and the United States.Volume highlights include:* Describes the earthquake processes and the observed physical signals that precede them* Explores the relationship between pre-earthquake activity and the characteristics of subsequent seismic events* Encompasses physical, atmospheric, geochemical, and historical characteristics of pre-earthquakes* Illustrates thermal infrared, seismo-ionospheric, and other satellite and ground-based pre-earthquake anomalies* Applies these multidisciplinary data to earthquake forecasting and predictionWritten for seismologists, geophysicists, geochemists, physical scientists, students and others, Pre-Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Earthquake Prediction Studies offers an essential resource for understanding the dynamics of pre-earthquake phenomena from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.
Microstructural GeochronologyGeochronology techniques enable the study of geological evolution and environmental change over time. This volume integrates two aspects of geochronology: one based on classical methods of orientation and spatial patterns, and the other on ratios of radioactive isotopes and their decay products.The chapters illustrate how material science techniques are taking this field to the atomic scale, enabling us to image the chemical and structural record of mineral lattice growth and deformation, and sometimes the patterns of radioactive parent and daughter atoms themselves, to generate a microstructural geochronology from some of the most resilient materials in the solar system.* First compilation of research focusing on the crystal structure, material properties, and chemical zoning of the geochronology mineral archive down to nanoscale* Novel comparisons of mineral time archives from different rocky planets and asteroids and their shock metamorphic histories* Fundamentals on how to reconstruct and date radiogenic isotope distributions using atom probe tomographyMicrostructural Geochronology will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, and researchers in the fields of petrology, geochronology, mineralogy, geochemistry, planetary geology, astrobiology, chemistry, and material science. It will also appeal to philosophers and historians of science from other disciplines.
Although bioenergy is a renewable energy source, it is not without impact on the environment. Both the cultivation of crops specifically for use as biofuels and the use of agricultural byproducts to generate energy changes the landscape, affects ecosystems, and impacts the climate. Bioenergy and Land Use Change focuses on regional and global assessments of land use change related to bioenergy and the environmental impacts. This interdisciplinary volume provides both high level reviews and in-depth analyses on specific topics. Volume highlights include: Land use change concepts, economics, and modeling Relationships between bioenergy and land use change Impacts on soil carbon, soil health, water quality, and the hydrologic cycle Impacts on natural capital and ecosystem services Effects of bioenergy on direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions Biogeochemical and biogeophysical climate regulation Uncertainties and challenges associated with land use change quantification and environmental impact assessments Bioenergy and Land Use Change is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and graduate students from a wide variety of fields including energy, economics, ecology, geography, agricultural science, geoscience, and environmental science.
Ein ausführlicher Praxisleitfaden zu Methoden für die Lösung komplexer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik.In der Erdöltechnik dominieren übergreifende wissenschaftliche und mathematische Prinzipien. Allerdings gibt es immer wieder Lücken zwischen Theorie und praktischer Anwendung. Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows stellt Methoden für die Lösung einer Vielzahl praktischer Probleme in der Erdöltechnik vor. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer spezifischen Problemstellung, beschreibt Formeln zur Erläuterung der primären Prinzipien dieses Problems und zeigt im Anschluss einfach nachvollziehbare Handreichungen für die praktische Anwendung. Hauptmerkmale dieses Bandes:- Fundierter und integrierter Ansatz für die Lösung inverser Probleme.- Ausführliche Untersuchung der Abläufe, einschließlich Modell- und Parametervalidierung.- Einfache Ansätze für die Lösung komplexer mathematischer Probleme.- Komplexe Berechnungen, die sich mit einfachen Methoden leicht implementieren lassen.- Überblick über wichtige Herangehensweisen, die für die Software- und Anwendungsentwicklung notwendig sind.- Formel- und Modellhandreichungen für die Diagnose, erstmalige Parametermodellierung, Simulation und Regression.Petroleum Engineering: Principles, Calculations, and Workflows ist ein wertvolles Referenzwerk für die Praxis und richtet sich an eine breite Zielgruppe: Geowissenschaftler, Explorationsgeologen und Ingenieure. Dieser zugängliche Leitfaden, ein fundiertes Nachschlagewerk für die Lösung alltäglicher Probleme in der Eröltechnik, eignet sich ebenfalls gut für Studenten im Hauptstudium, Postgraduierte, Berater, Softwareentwickler und Berufspraktiker.
Under the Earth's surface is a rich array of geological resources, many with potential use to humankind. However, extracting and harnessing them comes with enormous uncertainties, high costs, and considerable risks. The valuation of subsurface resources involves assessing discordant factors to produce a decision model that is functional and sustainable. This volume provides real-world examples relating to oilfields, geothermal systems, contaminated sites, and aquifer recharge.Volume highlights include:* A multi-disciplinary treatment of uncertainty quantification* Case studies with actual data that will appeal to methodology developers* A Bayesian evidential learning framework that reduces computation and modeling timeQuantifying Uncertainty in Subsurface Systems is a multidisciplinary volume that brings together five major fields: information science, decision science, geosciences, data science and computer science. It will appeal to both students and practitioners, and be a valuable resource for geoscientists, engineers and applied mathematicians.Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/quantifying-uncertainty-about-earths-resources
Elektrische Ströme spielen für die Struktur und Dynamik von Plasmen im Weltraum, aber auch für den erdnahen Weltraum oder Geospace, eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Band führt in einem integrierten Ansatz an das Thema elektrischer Ströme heran und bildet deren Phänomene und physikalische Eigenschaften für viele Regionen ab. In einem Werk werden eine Vielzahl von Themen behandelt, mit denen sich die Pioniere auf dem Gebiet der elektrischen Ströme im Weltraum beschäftigen, weiterhin Mess- und Analyseverfahren sowie unzählige Typen elektrischer Ströme.- Seit über einem Jahrzehnt erstmals wieder eine Publikation zu elektrischen Strömen, das einen fundierten und aktuellen Einblick in den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung bietet.- Präsentiert die jüngsten Fortschritte im Hinblick auf Beobachtungen, Simulationen und die Theorie elektrischer Ströme.- Bietet einen vergleichenden Überblick über elektrische Ströme im Weltraum bei verschiedenen Himmelskörpern.Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond ist ein ausgezeichnetes Referenzwerk für Weltraumwissenschaftler, Astronomen und Astrophysiker, die Weltraumplasmen im Sonnensystem untersuchen.
Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro to global scale Geared toward academic and research geoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change.
A rigorous mathematical problem-solving framework for analyzing the Earth's energy resourcesGeoEnergy encompasses the range of energy technologies and sources that interact with the geological subsurface. Fossil fuel availability studies have historically lacked concise modeling, tending instead toward heuristics and overly-complex processes. Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal details leading-edge research based on a mathematically-oriented approach to geoenergy analysis.Volume highlights include:* Applies a formal mathematical framework to oil discovery, depletion, and analysis* Employs first-order applied physics modeling, decreasing computational resource requirements* Illustrates model interpolation and extrapolation to fill out missing or indeterminate data* Covers both stochastic and deterministic mathematical processes for historical analysis and prediction* Emphasizes the importance of up-to-date data, accessed through the companion website* Demonstrates the advantages of mathematical modeling over conventional heuristic and empirical approaches* Accurately analyzes the past and predicts the future of geoenergy depletion and renewal using models derived from observed production dataIntuitive mathematical models and readily available algorithms make Mathematical GeoEnergy: Oil Discovery, Depletion and Renewal an insightful and invaluable resource for scientists and engineers using robust statistical and analytical tools applicable to oil discovery, reservoir sizing, dispersion, production models, reserve growth, and more.
An introduction to geomagnetic storms and the hazards they pose at the Earth's surfaceGeomagnetic storms are a type of space weather event that can create Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) which, once they reach Earth's surface, can interfere with power grids and transport infrastructure. Understanding the characteristics and impacts of GICs requires scientific insights from solar physics, magnetospheric physics, aeronomy, and ionospheric physics, as well as geophysics and power engineering.Geomagnetically Induced Currents from the Sun to the Power Grid is a practical introduction for researchers and practitioners that provides tools and techniques from across these disciplines.Volume highlights include:* Analysis of causes of geomagnetic storms that create GICs* Data and methods used to analyze and forecast GIC hazard* GIC impacts on the infrastructure of the bulk power system* Analysis techniques used in different areas of GIC research* New methods to validate and predict GICs in transmission systems
An interdisciplinary study of the Kuroshio nutrient streamThe surface water of the Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific Ocean, is nutrient-depleted and has relatively low primary productivity, yet abundant fish populations are supported in the region. This is called the "Kuroshio Paradox".Kuroshio Current: Physical, Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Dynamics presents research from a multidisciplinary team that conducted observational and modeling studies to investigate this contradiction. This timely and important contribution to the ocean sciences literature provides a comprehensive analysis of the Kuroshio.Volume highlights include:* New insights into the role of the Kuroshio as a nutrient stream* The first interdisciplinary examination of the Kuroshio Paradox* Reflections on the influence of the Kuroshio on Japanese culture* Research results on both the lower and higher trophic levels in the Kuroshio ecosystem* Comparisons of nutrient dynamics in the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream* Predictions of ecosystem responses to future climate variability
A comprehensive handbook on state-of-the-art DAS technology and applicationsDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that records sound and vibration signals along a fiber optic cable. Its advantages of high resolution, continuous, and real-time measurements mean that DAS systems have been rapidly adopted for a range of applications, including hazard mitigation, energy industries, geohydrology, environmental monitoring, and civil engineering.Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics: Methods and Applications presents experiences from both industry and academia on using DAS in a range of geophysical applications.Volume highlights include:* DAS concepts, principles, and measurements* Comprehensive review of the historical development of DAS and related technologies* DAS applications in hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mining industries* DAS applications in seismology* DAS applications in environmental and shallow geophysicsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Methods and techniques for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storageStoring carbon dioxide in underground geological formations is emerging as a promising technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A range of geophysical techniques can be deployed to remotely track carbon dioxide plumes and monitor changes in the subsurface, which is critical for ensuring for safe, long-term storage.Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage provides a comprehensive review of different geophysical techniques currently in use and being developed, assessing their advantages and limitations.Volume highlights include:* Geodetic and surface monitoring techniques* Subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques* Subsurface monitoring using non-seismic techniques* Case studies of geophysical monitoring at different geologic carbon storage sitesThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
The Space Physics and Aeronomy collection is a five-volume set of books presenting the latest scientific observations, models, and theories. Arranged sequentially, the books examine the Sun and the solar wind, magnetospheres in the Solar system, Earth's ionosphere, Earth's upper atmosphere, and the effects of space weather.Volume 1: Solar Physics and Solar Wind -- A comprehensive view of our Sun at the start of a new era in solar and heliospheric physicsVolume 2: Magnetospheres in the Solar System -- An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physicsVolume 3: Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications -- A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regionsVolume 4: Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics -- A comprehensive overview of the structure and variability of the upper atmosphereVolume 5: Space Weather Effects and Applications -- Examines how solar and terrestrial space phenomena affect sophisticated technological systemsThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief.
Recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floodsDroughts and floods are causing increasing damage worldwide, often with devastating short- and long-term impacts on human society. Forecasting when they will occur, monitoring them as they develop, and learning from the past to improve disaster management is vital.Global Drought and Flood: Observation, Modeling, and Prediction presents recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods. It also describes the techniques and products currently available and how they are being used in practice.Volume highlights include:* Remote sensing approaches for mapping droughts and floods* Physical and statistical models for monitoring and forecasting hydrologic hazards* Features of various drought and flood systems and products* Use by governments, humanitarian, and development stakeholders in recent disaster cases* Improving the collaboration between hazard information provision and end usersThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Explores innovations in the production of rare earths that would be more sustainable Rare earth elements are used in many modern technologies including electronics, clean energy, defense, aerospace, and automotive. It is important that increasing demand is met in ways that are more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable than in the past. Rare Earth Elements: Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification describes sources of rare earths and methods of production that have the potential to make recovery, processing, and purification more sustainable. Volume highlights include: Global overview of rare earth production, reserves, and resources Improvements in the recovery process to reduce costs and environmental impacts Potential new sources of rare earths that were not previously technically feasible Options for recovery of rare earths as byproducts of other activities Contributions from experts in academia, industry, government, research, and non-profit organizations The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes.Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers.Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function.Volume highlights include:* Overview of carbon storage in the landscape* Introduction to wetland management practices* Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands* Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss* Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes* Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands* Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contributeThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Muography Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles Hidden out of sight in Earth's subsurface are a range of geophysical structures, processes, and material movements. Muography is a passive and non-destructive remote sensing technique that visualizes the internal structure of solid geological structures at high resolution, similar in process to X-ray radiography of human bodies. Muography: Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles explores the application of this imaging technique in the geosciences and how it can complement conventional geophysical observations. Volume highlights include: Principles of muography and pioneering works in the field Different approaches for muographic image processing Observing volcanic structures and activity with muography Using muography for geophysical exploration and mining engineering Potential environmental applications of muography Latest technological developments in muography The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Non-seismic events (NSE) include all seismic events non-associated with tectonic movements along a fault or active seismic sources. A vast variety of different signals are routinely recorded at sea, for example, gas migration within the shallow sediments and gas emission from the seafloor in hydrothermal vents, pockmarks and mud volcanoes; volcanic tremors; tides and other ambient noise; anthropogenic noise; military tracking and marine mammal calls. The waveforms of these signals are recognizably different from earthquakes but the lack of a waveform database for the classification of non-tectonic seismic events makes it challenging to detect and study these events. Monitoring Seismic and Acoustic Waves at Sea describes the non-tectonic related seismic signals, show examples of their waveforms, discuss the methodologies allowing to detect and study them, outline their impact and the remaining questions and establish a nomenclature for scientists working on these events, to ease future communications. Studies show examples where NSE's are used for gaining new knowledge in multiple domains of sciences. Volcanic tremors are studied to track the magma movements and used as a successful early warning system to mitigate the volcanic hazard for years. Whale calls recorded on seismic stations are used to track whales and study their habit changes connected to environmental changes. Ambient seismic noise is used to infer the seafloor physical properties. Monochromatic short duration events are suggested to be the expression of fluid migration within the shallow sediments, and they are used for the quantification of local seafloor Methane emission. Case studies show that NSE's allow gaining knowledge in processes involved in climate change. Also, they are used for geo-hazard mitigation. They, therefore, have a huge economic and societal importance. Volume highlights include: - Summary of known unconventional non-tectonic related seismic signals at sea - Methodological approaches to detect and distinguish between tectonic (earthquake, tsunamis) and non-tectonic (landslides, glaciation) seismic signals at sea - Geophysical signals mostly studied by marine seismologic techniques combined with other marine geoscience techniques - Useful contributions for marine seismologists, acousticians, geologists, ecologists, geochemists and biologists - Beneficial for industry and the military professionals discussing the monitoring methodologies exploiting these signals - Case studies from specialists of each type of geophysical signals at various depths in sea
Advanced Hydroinformatics Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources The rapid development of machine learning brings new possibilities for hydroinformatics research and practice with its ability to handle big data sets, identify patterns and anomalies in data, and provide more accurate forecasts. Advanced Hydroinformatics: Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources presents both original research and practical examples that demonstrate how machine learning can advance data analytics, accuracy of modeling and forecasting, and knowledge discovery for better water management. Volume Highlights Include: Overview of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in hydroinformatics Advances in modeling hydrological systems Different data analysis methods and models for forecasting water resources New areas of knowledge discovery and optimization based on using machine learning techniques Case studies from North America, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond Helicities play essential roles in numerous geophysical, astrophysical, and magnetohydrodynamic phenomena, thus are studied from various disciplinary viewpoints. Helicities in Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Beyond draws together experts from different research fields to present an interdisciplinary and integrated approach to helicity studies. This synthesis advances understanding of the fundamental physical processes underlying various helicity-related phenomena. Volume highlights include: Concise introduction to fundamental properties of helicities Recent developments and achievements in helicity studies Perspectives from different fields including geophysics, space physics, solar physics, plasma physics, atmospheric and nonlinear sciences A cohesive mathematical, physical, observational, experimental, and numerical strategy for helicity studies A synthesized framework for the application of helicity to real-world problems The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Compressional TectonicsA synthesis of current knowledge on collisional and convergent plate boundaries worldwideMajor mountain belts on Earth, such as the Alps, Himalayas, and Appalachians, have been built by compressional tectonic processes during continent-continent and arc-continent collisions. Understanding their formation and evolution is important because of the hazards associated with convergent and collisional plate boundaries, and because these mountain belts contain resources such as precious metals, rare earth elements, oil, gas, and coal.Compressional Tectonics: Plate Convergence to Mountain Building reviews our present-day knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Alpine-Himalayan and Appalachian belts.Volume highlights include:* Overview of terminology relating to compressional and contractional tectonics* Discussion of subduction zone dynamics* Debates over the timing of the collision and convergence of particular subduction and suture zones* Examples of the different stages in the development of orogenic beltsThis book is one of a set of three in the collection Tectonic Processes: A Global View.The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
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