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The love sonnets of Louise Labé of Lyons and the gilded legend of her life in the early years of the French Renaissance have appealed to the imagination of four centuries.Printed here beside the text of the 1556 edition, the translations of the sonnets by Alta Lind Cook follow closely the original version and admirably retain its sweep and movement, its simplicity and melody. The rhyme scheme of the Petrarchan sonnet has been preserved with variations and corresponding to those of the French. With the poems, the translator presents a sketch of the circumstances and background of this unique literary figure of the Sixteenth Century, known in France and outside of France as La Belle Cordière. These translations by Alta Lind Cook are fine poetry; in English as in French the reader finds "present reality in their hope and their despair, their independence and their impertinence, their tears and their sparkle."

In this lucid, original, and provocative study, Professor Cusson advances a theory of delinquent behaviour that is both disarming and convincing. Delinquent behaviour, he reminds us, is fairly widespread among young people of all classes and backgrounds - it is not it is not, as some would like to believe, exclusively a lower-class phenomenon. Most adolescents, at one time or another, commit acts that are violations of the law. Why do they do so?Delinquent activity affords more advantages than is generally supposed. It permits adolescents to satisfy numerous desires, to resolve very real problems, to live intensely, and to enjoy themselves thoroughly. It is one means of obtaining what most of us are looking for: excitement, possessions, power, and the defence of essentail self-interests.However, only a minority of adolescents, mainly restless youngsters concerned with the present, become deeply involved in crime. They do so because this seems to be the solution most readily available to them. Having problems at school and in the labour market, they find that doors normally open to those who enter adult life are closed to them. They associate with friends who initiate them in criminal techniques and become their allies in delinquent ventures. This association opens the way to illegal activities that will enable them to achieve their goals.Translated and adapted from his book Delinquants pourquoi?, Cusson's study is enlivened by interesting and appropriate examples drawn from a large European and North American literature. Moreover, it ranges from philosophy to the behavioural and then to the biological sciences with ease and fluidity. It will stimulate the thinking of student and general reader alike.

In the decade beginning with the hanging of Louis Riel in 1885, a series of radical and religious conflicts shook Canada, culminating in the Manitoba school crisis of the 1890s. By 1896, the focal point of the controversy was remedialism, the attempt to have Roman Catholic school privileges in Manitoba restored by federal  action against the provincial government. The struggle over remedialism involved nearly every aspect of Canada's internal history - Conservative-Liberal, federal-provincial, east-west, French-English, Catholic-Protestant, church-state. But, illustrating as it does the complexity and sensitivity of the ground where politics and religion meet, the election of 1896 has remained particularly fascinating for the degree to which Roman Catholic church authorities, above all in Quebec, entered the political process and were involved in the struggle to power of Wilfrid Laurier.The school question and the struggle over remedialism present an illuminating case study of complex relations at a formative period in Canadian history. This book focuses on the scene behind the scene, seeking in particular to discover how Quebeckers, civil and ecclesiastical, were reacting to a key problem of French and Catholic rights outside Quebec. There is a strong emphasis on personal correspondence, rather than on published statements, and the author has marshalled a wide range of material that has never been fully exploited. The story is told chronologically in order to assess the impact of major events as it developed. Many of the classic questions of church-state relations are brought into focus.This is a story often of fear, prejudice, and ignorance, but it is also a story of strength and resilience, principle and faith. Uniquely Canadian, it tells us something important about the shift from the Canada of Macdonald to the Canada of Laurier.

The student who would understand the government of a country can only obtain a complete knowledge of it if he knows something of the government of its local subdivisions. Yet the Canadian student will find studies of Canadian local government almost non-existent. Similarly the citizen or municipal officer looking for details of the organization and operation of the several systems of local government in Canada needs, but has not yet had, one single source with all the information on the subject gathered together in readily available form. Mr. Crawford meets both needs in his excellent study, the sixth volume in the Canadian Government Series.Since local government in Canada comes under provincial jurisdiction, there are ten distinct systems having many similarities and diversities. Mr. Crawford's aim is to show how various Canadian municipal systems function, rather than to present a critical analysis of existing institutions and practices. But first he discusses the necessity of local government, its practical and political importance, the degree of self-government involved in local government and the factors contributing to this, and the weak constitutional position of local government, a position offset by the needs of the community, needs which can be best met by local government and which assure the continuance of that government despite the tightening of central control by province and nation. 

This volume established Isabella Valancy Crawford as one of Canada's principal poets. Coupled with an introductory collage of viewpoints and reactions to her work by James Reaney its provides a vivid glimpse into the literary past of this country.Although her poetry reflects the patterns of her time, Isabella Valancy Crawford was able to accept the raw and vigorous Canadian landscape on its own terms. She was the first of our poets for whom it became the setting for struggle, passion, love, and death. She celebrated the young land with an imagery enriched by allusions to North American Indian lore reflected in such lines as these:From his far wigwam sprang the strong North Wind  And rushed with war-cry down the steep ravine, And wrestled with the giants of the woods; And with his ice-club beat the swelling crests Of the deep water courses into death.'These verses bear the stamp of genius and show a true poetic instinct,' said a critic in The Canadian Magazine in 1895. The poetry of Isabella Valancy Crawford forms a vital part of the body of Canadian writing. 

This book is an insightful and detailed analysis of Canadian labour relations policy at the beginning of the 20th century, and of the formulation of distinctive features which still characterize it today. The development and reception of this policy are explained as a product of ideological and economic forces. These include the impact of international unionism on the Canadian working class, the emergence of scientific management in business ideology, and the special role of the state in economic development and the mediation of class relationships.The ideas and career of Mackenzie King, including his 'new liberalism,' and his activities in regard to the Department of Labour are examined, revealing how he moulded Canada's official position in the relations between capital and labour. With a focus on King's intellectual qualities in an international context, the author brings out another dimension, portraying him as Canada's first practising social scientist.The book examines implementation of policy through an analysis of the work of the Department of Labour through detailed case studies of government interventions in industrial disputes. The initial acceptance of the labour relations policy by the labour movement is explained and its repudiation in 1911 is examined against a background of setbacks which reflected its practical limits as much as its philosophical orientation. The result is a study which moves beyond a particular concern with labour policy to illuminate the contours of Canadian life in a crucial period of national development. 

The name non-Euclidean was used by Gauss to describe a system of geometry which differs from Euclid's in its properties of parallelism. Such a system was developed independently by Bolyai in Hungary and Lobatschewsky in Russia, about 120 years ago. Another system, differing more radically from Euclid's, was suggested later by Riemann in Germany and Cayley in England. The subject was unified in 1871 by Klein, who gave the names of parabolic, hyperbolic, and elliptic to the respective systems of Euclid-Bolyai-Lobatschewsky, and Riemann-Cayley. Since then, a vast literature has accumulated.The Fifth edition adds a new chapter, which includes a description of the two families of 'mid-lines' between two given lines, an elementary derivation of the basic formulae of spherical trigonometry and hyperbolic trigonometry, a computation of the Gaussian curvature of the elliptic and hyperbolic planes, and a proof of Schlafli's remarkable formula for the differential of the volume of a tetrahedron.

In Spenser's famous Flight, Patrick Cheney challenges the received wisdom about the shape and goal of Spenser's literary career. He contends that Spenser's idea of a literary career is not strictly the convential Virgilian pattern of pastoral to epic, but a Christian revision of that pattern in light of Petrarch and the Reformation.Cheney demonstrates that, far from changing his mind about his career as a result of disillusionment, Spenser embarks upon and completes a daring progress that secures his status as an Orphic poet.In October, Spenser calls his idea of a literary career the 'famous flight.' Both classical and Christian culture has authorized the myth of the winged poet as a primary myth of fame and glory. Cheney shows that throughout his poetry Spenser relies on an image of flight to accomplish his highest goal.

Quantitative  studies furnish precise and complete numerical data about the nature of literary language and language in general. They provide the foundation for qualitative studies that can contribute to the analysis, interpretation and understanding of style, language, and ideas for a given period or author. This volume is a quantitative examination of Voltaire's Candide. It includes a word frequency dictionary, index verborum, and line concordance keyed to a text of Candide which is reproduced in the volume, as well as a lengthy introduction that describes and interprets the quantitative data. Linguists, statisticians, lexicographers, and literary scholars will find this work of interest, not only for the vital data that is supplies, but also for the methodology that underlies it. 

Scraps, tags, figments of the United Empire Loyalist heritage dot the Ontario landscape. Something of Loyalism lies in the very Ontario air and pervades the imagination of its people. In Gardens, Covenants, Exiles, Dennis Duffy sets out to describe and analyse the effects of Loyalism on the literary culture of Ontario. He explores the enduring nature of an attitude of mind whose historical origins lie in the Loyalist settlements in the forests of Upper Canada. No single source can explain a culture's characteristic way of viewing moral, social, and literary matters. This study, however, reveals how one historical event and the mythology it engendered have helped to shape a province and its literature. The collective experience of the Loyalists underlies Ontario's view of the Canadian destiny. Their defeat, exile, endurance, and their final mastery of a new land confirmed their belief that their own destiny lay within a larger imperial framework. But they lived at the same time as both North Americans and monarchists, victims and founders, heroes and the dispossessed. Writers in this culture, faced with the declining importance of the British connection and the rising of American presence, were ill-prepared by their political and imaginative lives to comprehend the vision of an independent nation. In our own time this has led to a renewed sense of fall, to a disillusionment that contrasts sharply with the feeling of 'paradise regained; that pervaded an earlier era. The book is a study of dislocation, seen through vignettes of various authors and their writings: William Kirby's The Golden Dog, Major Richardson's Wacousta, Charles Mair's Tecumseh, and the Jalna series by Mazode la Roche. Contemporary analogues of the Loyalist habit of mind are pursued in the works of George Grant, Dennis Lee, Al Purdy, and Scott Symons: the journey returns to its Loyalist starting point, in pain, loss, and the sense of a vanished home.Loyalism, both as fact and as myth, is one of the cultural forces that has given Ontario its sense of place. Professor Duffy concludes that in some way the culture of Upper Canada/Ontario remains continuous, that it has kept faith with its origins. His study heightens our understanding of a nation's roots. 

After experiencing life in London, the narrator and her brother discover that they are Canadians, not colonials. Their encounters with Englishmen and Americans demonstrate that there are three distinct countries, each with a character of its own, but sharing common interests. This is an early novel on the eternal theme of identity.

Life in a Quebec manor-house at the turn of the century is colourfully described in this biography of his childhood by Robert de Roquebrune. Skilfully woven into the texture of reminiscences about his own growing up are absorbing accounts of the early history of Canada. Through his ancestors, whose careers and personalities live vividly in accounts preserved by the family, there is a strong feeling for the continuity of life and traditions from the France of Louis XIII to what was to become of the province of Quebec.This is the first time this classic of French Canada has been translated into English.

Head waves – also called refraction arrivals, lateral waves, or conical waves – have been used extensively in near-earthquake studies, geophysical prospecting, and deep-crustal seismological investigations. In the past, research was confined largely to the kinematic characteristics of the waves, but emphasis is now being given to the dynamic characteristics: amplitudes, spectra, and wave forms. In the last fifteen years, several new mathematical and computational techniques have been developed to study these waves.This is an advanced, technical book presenting a consistent theory of head waves, using methods developed in the famous Leningrad school under G.I. Petrashen and his colleagues. It proceeds from a consideration of the simplest problem of one interface to a study of the situation in which there are many interfaces (some of which may not be plane or parallel to one another) and the material between the interfaces is not necessarily homogenous. The method is used principally, though not exclusively, that of ray series in which the displacement vector is expressed in terms of an asymptotic series in inverse powers of frequency. The volume includes numerical data and an extensive bibliography.This book is intended as a text for graduate and senior undergraduate students in geophysics, and as a reference work for practising seismologists and research workers.

This study has two objectives. The first is to explain the nature and historical roots of the problems facing Polish foreign policy in 1938–39 and the manner in which they were approached by the men who shaped and directed Polish diplomacy. The second is to illustrate the political interdependence in these years of Eastern and Western Europe. This interdependence hinged on the German problem. The attitude of France and Britain towards Poland and Eastern Europe as a whole was primarily a reflection of their policy towards Germany; at the same time, this policy was the decisive factor in the individual reactions of Germany's eastern neighbours to the threat of resurgent German power.As far as Poland was concerned, she not only had to strive to avert the danger of German revisionism, the realization of which would have made her a vassal of Berlin, but she also had to consider the possibility of Soviet expansion at her expense. This study is, however, primarily concerned with Polish attempts to obtain security with regard to Germany and, in the period in question, this was the main objective of Polish diplomacy. 

The Civil War is a poem which Abraham Cowley (1618-67) did not complete, for political and historical reasons, and of which only the first volume was published; the other two volumes have been considered irrecoverably lost since Cowley's death. Professor Pritchard recently found two copies of the complete poem in a collection of family papers at the Hertfordshire County Record Office and here presents a corrected edition of the first and previously published book, and the text of the hitherto unpublished books two and three.The poem is a major addition to the body of Cowley's poetry; it has close and sometimes surprising connections with much of his other work. It is not only the most extended and important of his political poems but a significant addition to the genre of the political poem. It is also unique as the attempt by a poet of stature to give epic treatment to the events of the English Civil War.Professor Pritchard provides a discussion of the personal, historical, and literary contexts of the poem in the introduction, as well as of textual problems and methods, showing the way in which the poem is shaped both by contemporary history and polemics and by classical and later literary tradition. 

Although not one of De Mille's best works it does show his unerring assessment of the tastes of the American and Canadian reading public in the 1870s. With echoes of Wilkie Collins, Jules Verne, and other popular novelists of the period, this is a sensational melodrama full of impossible adventures, and of  'angelic heroines and villains of the deepest dye.'

A.J.M. Smith has described George Frederick Cameron as one of 'Canada's greatest poets,' who, with Isabella Valancy Crawford and Archibald Lampman, 'were cut off just when their work had reached maturity.' Cameron's poetry is rich in classical culture, and involves itself with political concerns, love and death.

When this work was first prepared for publication in 1949 the Notebooks and Collected Letters were still in manuscript, and many of the printed works, if not unavailable, were scarce. The continuing publication of Coleridge's works has not lessened the demand for a general introduction to Coleridge's mind and its workings. Selections from works including The Friend, Essays on His Own Times, Aids to Reflection, the Statesman's Manual, Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, and Table Talk, and from other lesser known works are arranged by topic. The subjects – psychology, education, language, logic and philosophy, literary criticism, the arts, science, society, religion and his contemporaries – reflect the astonishing range of Coleridge's intellectual interests. The revised edition of this anthology is still the best introduction to the prose works of an inquiring spirit.There is a fine introductory essay, and each section has an introduction of its own. The annotation is apt, and the index efficient. The whole book, in short, has been ordered with the distinction which is characteristic of Professor Coburn.

What is it to be modern? How does the world look through the eyes of a modern? Is it possible to bring the sensibility of the non-modern to bear on the world around one? If so, how?The essays in this volume consider these and a number of related questions in an attempt to determine how a thoughtful individual can understand and act justly in the world of modernity. The authors stand firmly and deeply in modernity, but they are profoundly aware of the classical and the Judaeo-Christian traditions that the modern world has largely discarded and of non-Western traditions that ask profound questions about the nature of man and his role in the universe. They are willing to ask difficult and critical questions about traditional thought and about the assumptions, often tacit, of modernity.The essays explore the problematic nature of the concept of transcendence in modern social and political philosophy. They start with an analysis of Spinoza's use of biblical criticism to separate political philosophy and divine revelation, and explore the impact of the rise of naturalistic individualism in the North Atlantic world. A discussion of the role of the transcendent and of traditional philosophy in the East helps the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the process of secularization in the West. The issue of moral responsibility is shown to be greatly influenced by the existence of the concept of transcendence, and philosophy and the apocalyptic tradition form the basis of attempts to bridge the gulf between the traditional and the modern, secular view of the world.These essays show that the quest for the grounds of responsible action requires a thorough-going critique of modernity that looks not only at the modern world, but beyond it, to the traditions that formed and still inform it, and to the experience of other cultures that are also facing the processes we already take for granted.

Istvan Anhalt, himself a composer of many vocal works, has written an interdisciplinary study of the innovative vocal and choral music that has emerged in Europe and North America since the Second World War. This music has amazed, confused, sometimes shocked, and often deeply moved its listeners, and the author probes its very roots.Anhalt sketches briefly the antecedents of this revolutionary music and then illustrates the subject by looking closely at works by three of the greatest composers of modern vocal and choral music: Luciano Berio's Sequenza III for female solo voice, GyO rgy Ligeti's  Nouvelles Aventures for three solo voices and small instrumental ensemble, and Witold Lutoslawski's Trois Pomes d'Henri Michaux for large chorus and orchestra. The author next seeks to formulate a conceptual framework to explain post-war vocal composition. He discusses relationships between poetry and music, speaking and singing, theatre and music, and composers and performers. He identifies and examines recurring themes in his corpus, including hallowed and cursed names, repetition as a mythical and/or mystical technique, the arcane, magical elements in music and language, and music as spectacle or celebration and as a search for the past. Anhalt also considers the structural elements and compositional procedures used in creating this type of music.The complex associations with other creative activities that typify modern vocal composition help to make it, as Anhalt shows clearly, an extraordinary rich mosaic of alternative voices.

This is a comprehensive study of forest soils for foresters, wildlife and park managers, ecologists, and others interested in forest soils. It provides a valuable text for introductory and more advanced courses. The first ten chapters deal with basic soil information: texture, structure, and porosity; colour, temperature, and aeration; water; organic content; biological organisms and processes; chemistry; fertility; classification; and surveys. The last six chapters consider the components of the forest soil systems as related processes, discussing roots, fire, and water and nutrient cycles as they exist in natural forests and as they are modified by man. Professor Armson examines the process of forest soil development, and the place of soil as a part of a continuously changing landscape from both the historical and ecological viewpoints. An appendix describes the procedures for soil profile description and sampling. Full bibliographical references are supplied.

This book, a translation of the German volume n-Ecke, presents an elegant geometric theory which, starting from quite elementary geometrical observations, exhibits an interesting connection between geometry and fundamental ideas of modern algebra in a form that is easily accessible to the student who lacks a sophisticated background in mathematics. It stimulates geometrical thought by applying the tools of linear algebra and the algebra of polynomials to a concrete geometrical situation to reveal some rather surprising insights into the geometry of n-gons. The twelve chapters treat n-gons, classes of n-gons, and mapping of the set of n-gons into itself. Exercises are included throughout, and two appendixes, by Henner Kinder and Eckart Schmidt, provide background material on lattices and cyclotomic polynomials.(Mathematical Expositions No. 18)

The family has become a subject of increasing scrutiny in recent years, giving special relevance to this work by the late Michael Sheehan. Collected here for the first time, Sheehan's papers contain the fruits of a forty-year-long career of archival research and interpretation of documents on property, marriage, family, sexuality, and law in medieval Europe. Marked by an early orientation and developing focus on the status of women in the Middle Ages, the work of Michael Sheehan displays a unique tapestry of the social and legal realities of medieval marriages and family life.Sheehan's research focused on the parallel study and interpretation of Church law and cases drawn from ecclesiastical court registers. By analysing the emergence of the last will as a legal and social document, he brought a new interpretation to the definition and codification of Christian marriage and the family and how these institutions functioned in society. Although his approach was largely by way of canon law, he was invariably at pins to incorporate solid support from such related fields as theology, the social and popular history of religion, and the history of sexuality and sexual behaviour. As a result, these essays throw light on many social realities in medieval Europe and illustrate the development of a methodology for others to follow.

This unique volume of thirty essays, by fifty-three internationally known scholars, honours C.S. (Rufus) Churcher, the distinguished Canadian palaeontologist. The papers focus on late Cenozoic mammals in North America and Africa and provide both site-specific descriptions of faunas and their associated geological contexts, and more general syntheses of regional palaeoenvironments and biogeography. The volume provides a much-needed overview of current research.The stature of the researchers who have contributed to the volume, and the breadth of the material presented, is a reflection of Churcher's diverse research interests. The first section contains eleven papers on the palaeoenvironment and palaeoecology of Quaternary mammals in North America; the second section has 9 contributions describing faunas and morphological analyses of North American Quaternary mammals; and the final section contains nine papers on the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of late Cenozoic mammals of Africa. In this final section, Alan Gentry pays tribute to Churcher by naming a species after him: Budorcas churcheri. The volume contains individual discussions of North American fossil prairie dogs, mastodons, zebras, short-faced bears, sabre cats, lions, giant armadillos, elk-moose, caribou and muskrats, as well as African hyaenas, zebras, hipparion horses, antelopes, rodents, and giraffes.

Beyond the Provinces takes stock of Canada's literary scene at the end of the twentieth century, revealing the astonishing developments that have occurred in the country's literary culture in the past decades and affirming the maturity of literary Canada.In the opening chapter David Staines examines the colonial mentality that pervaded turn-of-the-century literature, was later challenged, and has all but disappeared at century's end. In the second chapter he explores the unique Canadian presence in American fiction in order to examine the way in which Canada found its literary independence from the United States. And in the final chapter he proposes that Canadian literary selfhood has been complemented by a still tentative but distinctive critical voice.(F.E.L. Priestley Memorial Lectures in the History of Ideas)

The first women's suffrage society in Britain was formed in 1867, following the temporary Committee of the previous year. This book appears appropriately in the centenary year. That women should vote is now so generally accepted that few of the post-war generation can appreciate the long and intense struggle before women's right to political equality was recognized. John Stuart Mill presented his Women Suffrage Petition to the House of Commons in 1866. It took Parliament fifty-two years to enfranchise the first women.Dr. Rover, using much original research, discusses the interaction between the political parties and the two movements for women's suffrage, constitutional and militant. The analysis of the attitude of the party leaders towards women's enfranchisement illuminates the characters of the prime ministers of the period and emphasises the difficulties inherent in our parliamentary procedure.

The only existing similar bibliography was published in 1930. The tremendous developments in the fields of research and publishing in Canada during the past thirty years have made it very desirable that a new bibliography should be prepared. The Bibliographical Society of Canada formed a committee of members to collect information on bibliographies of local interest or "e;in progress,"e; and the Society has sponsored the publication. Library schools in Canada supplied lists of works prepared by their students. The staff of the National Library has assisted in the compilation. The Bibliography is planned to be of use to readers of either English or French. It covers such topics as general bibliographies; current bibliographies; collective bibliographies; author bibliographies; newspapers; manuscripts; temperance; religion; sociology and folklore; politics; law ; education; commerce; linguistics; sciences; anthropology; biology; botany; zoology; agriculture; technology; fine arts; numismatics; music; literature; geography; geography; history. There are very complete indexes to compilers, subjects and authors.

This study is in response to a growth of public interest in the size and structure of education facilities and their relation to economic and social policy. It determines the scope of educational services, both public and private, and traces the sources of educational finance through the various spending agencies and allocators of finance back to the eventual suppliers of funds. With detailed analysis based on careful observation, the study provides a wealth of statistical information on this neglected aspect of education.

In 1821, British Columbia was the exclusive domain of an independent Native population and the Hudson's Bay Company. By te time it entered Confederation some fifty years later, a British colonial government was firmly in place. In this book Tina Loo recounts the shaping of the new regime.The history of pre-Confederation British Columbia is rich in lore and tales of adventure surrounding the fur trade, conflict between settlers and the Hudson's Bay Company, and, above all, the gold rush. Loo takes the familiar themes as a starting-point for fresh investigation. Her inquiry moves from the disciplinary practices of the Hudson's Bay Company, through the establishment of cuorts in the gold fields, to conflicts over the rule of juries and the nature of property. By detailing specific incidents and then drawing from a wife historical field to sketch in new background, she hs revised established hsitory. Loo structures her analysis of events around the discourse of laissez-faire liberalism and shows how this discourse styled the law and order of the period. She writes with wit and elegance, bringing life to even the most technical aspects of her investigation. This is the first comprehensive legal history of British Columbia before Confederation.

In this memoir Kay Macpherson, the respected feminist, pacifist, and political activist, takes a delightful look back at a rich and fascinating life, dedicated to the principles of women's rights and social justice, and to an unshakeable conviction that women working together can change the world, and have a marvellous time in the process. Born in Englad in 1913, Macpherson immigrated to Canada in 1935. Nine years later she married C.B. Macpherson, then in the early years of his distinguished career as a political philosopher, and together they raised three children. In the late 1940s, a busy mother and academic wife, Macpherson joined the Association of Women Electors. Eventually she served as its national president, an office she held also with the Voice of Women and later with the National Action Committee on the Status of Women. She ran several times as a federal candidate for the NDP. She travelled the world as an advocate of women's rights, and spent most of her time in Canada in the consuming work of social change: organizing, demonstrating, writing letters, giving speeches, and, above all, meeting. From their meetings Macpherson and her colleagues moved into the streets, into Parliament, and, eventually, into history, witho ne of the most important achievements for Canadian women int he twentieth century: the celebrated equality clause in the Constitution of 1982.Macpherson's story is the story of second-wave feminism in Canada, which cut across party, class, and language lines, and was characterized by a tremendous sense of unity and of hope. It is also a candid account of family stresses, including strained relations with her children, the death of her husband in 1987, and that of her son two years later. Kay Macpherson remains unshaken in her commitment to the grass-roots action. On receiving the Order of Canada in 1982, she was asked by the Governor General what she had been up to lately. 'Revolution,' she replied.