Böcker i Nebraska Symposium on Motivation-serien

In what ways do individuals influence the course of their lives? How do people construct a life path within the opportunities and constraints afforded by their world? This book investigates the specific ways in which personal characteristics and contextual variables play a role in shaping individual lives.

Dogs are a valued part of millions of households worldwide. They also serve many functions in human societies from herding livestock to detecting drugs, explosives, or illegal wildlife to providing physical assistance or emotional support to those in need. Yet, in terms of behavior and cognition, dogs have only become a serious subject of scientific study in the last 20 years. Similarly, we have recently witnessed a sharp increase in studies of canine-human interaction, exploring the motivational, emotional, cognitive, physiological, and neural mechanisms of dogs on human psychology and well-being. This book is a collection of chapters stemming from the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, which focused on Canine Cognition and the Human Bond. The primary goal of this symposium was to bring together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and anthropology to delve deeper into the canine-human bond. These chapters describe the current state of knowledge from international experts in the fields of canine cognition and canine-human interaction. Bridging these two areas can help us better understand the canine-human bond, potentially improving the lives of both dogs and people.

This volume is comprised of contributions to the 67th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, which brought together various research disciplines such as psychology, education, health sciences, natural resources, environmental studies to investigate the ways in which nature influences cognition, health, human behavior, and well-being.

Moreover, it includes perspectives and analyses from the two primary types of impulsivity: impulsive choice (or decision making) and impulsive action (or disinhibition).

One of the first major theoretical reviews of schizophrenia since the publication of the 5th edition of the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the DSM-5, this volume is a landmark in the history of schizophrenia research.

Variations in childhood development are nowhere more conspicuous or important than in the development and expression of emotions. A child’s capacity to understand another’s feelings, to experience guilt or shame, to manipulate others emotionally, to anticipate the response of parents to displays of anger of distress, to exercise emotional control—all of these are aspects of socioemotional development. A concern with it is reflected in the efforts of researchers to understand the long-term consequences of the parent-infant attachment, the effects of maltreatment on young children, the influence of congenital disorders on their social and emotional functioning, and the origins of depression. Thus the topic of socioemotional development has far-reaching and fascinating applications to everyday life, as the essays in this volume reveal. In Socioemotional Development leading scholars approach the topic from diverse perspectives, summarizing findings and discussing original research. They also address a number of broad developmental concerns: What are the lasting effects of early influence? What can account for the long-term consistency of individual characteristics? What are the origins of psychological disorders? To what extent is emotional experience socially constructed? How does biology affect emotion?The contributors and their works are Carol Z. Malatesta, “The Role of Emotions in the Development and Organization of Personality”; Inge Bretherton, “Open Communication and Internal Working Models: Their Role in the Development of Attachment Relationships”; Carolyn Saarni, “Emotional Competence: How Emotions and Relationships Become Integrated”: Carolyn Zahn-Waxler and Grazyna Kochanska, “The Origins of Guilt”; Dante Cicchetti, “The Organization and Coherence of Socioemotional, Cognitive, and Representational Development: Illustrations through a Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Down’s Syndrome and Child Maltreatment.”

Psychological theory has traditionally attempted to explain events in terms of motivation, emotion, or cognition. Over the past decade, psychology has come to be viewed as a paradigmatic science; the new paradigm being the understanding of behavior in terms of cognitive representations. This cognitive revolution has fostered a view of the passing of information back and forth between perceptual, memory, and motor components of an integrated system, known as the ΓÇ£computational metaphor.ΓÇ¥ With cognition as the new paradigm, can we expect that the explanatory scope of psychology will be clarified? Will a cognitive perspective be extended to phenomena that have traditionally fallen under the rubric of motivation and emotion?The psychologists involved in this volume of the Nebraska Symposium address these questions specifically. Their contributions stimulate a hypothesis that the cognitive paradigm has begun to move psychology toward a ΓÇ£unified field theoryΓÇ¥ of behavior and experience.Herbert A. Simon tests the limits of a pure information processing paradigm. A basic tenet of this theoretical approach is that information exists independent of the medium by which it is represented. By analyzing the information processing capabilities of nonbiological systems, or ΓÇ£artificial intelligence,ΓÇ¥ we may determine which aspects of motivation and emotion require the biological substrate of cognition.Muriel D. Lezak raises a similar question by focusing on the biological substrate itself and by analyzing the constraints and determinations that it imposes. Howard Gardner considers the medium and the information it processes; thus he lays a conceptual foundation for making the facts of biological brain science congruent with the richness of human behavior and experience.

Recent media coverage of the controversial theory of sexual violence as a product of biological evolution has once again brought the question of the origins of human motivation into the public eye. In this volume, leading scholars in behavioral studies examine the value of evolutionary perspectives in understanding psychological motivations. Beginning with the fundamental fact that humans are part of the biological world, evolutionary psychologists contend that human motivations and mental processes should be understood as by-products of natural selection. By viewing human psychologyΓÇöboth normal and abnormalΓÇöwithin this framework, evolutionary psychologists intend to bridge the disciplinary divide between traditional psychology and fields such as biology.

Features essays on child abuse and public policy. In this book, the concept of motivation is used to shed light on a range of complex issues surrounding the maltreatment of children.

Modern conceptualization of the multidimensional nature of anxiety, panic, and fear are examined from a variety of perspectives, including theories of emotion and cognition, neuropsychology, and conditioning. Carroll E. Izard and Eric A. Youngstrom open with a review of Differential Emotions Theory. In the second chapter, Jeffrey A. Gray and Neil McNaughton summarize and update Gray''s neuropsychological theory of anxiety. Susan Mineka and Richard Zinbarg consider what modern conditioning theory contributes to the understanding of emotion, and Richard J. McNally offers an overview of the application of experimental cognitive paradigms to fear, panic, and anxiety.The volume concludes with a new version of David H. Barlow''s theory of emotional disorders. Barlow, Bruce F. Chorpita, and Julia Turovsky draw from work on emotion, neurophysiology, attributions, learning, ethology, attention, and child development to describe how the inappropriate activation of fear (e.g., a panic attack) can trigger events that may eventually become a clinical anxiety disorder.Perspectives on Anxiety, Panic, and Fear confirms that anxiety, panic, and fear are complex phenomena requiring a multidimensional approach that ranges from neuroanatomy to conditioning.

This unique multidisciplinary volume examines the dynamics of behavioral change and its maintenance, from the individual to the wider domains of public policy. Coverage traces how change may be achieved, sustained, or derailed, as well as underlying neurobiological, behavioral, and social processes that fuel unhealthy and risky behaviors. Contributors offer a wide range of prevention and intervention strategies for supporting positive health habits from improved food choices to abstinence to compliance with treatment. These mechanisms are then transferred to the societal level in studies of evolving public perception of salient issues such as climate change, gender disparities, and drug policy.Included among the topics:Motivating change in addiction via modulation of the dark side.Changing drug use and other health-related behavior in vulnerable populations.Change and maintaining change in school cafeterias.Understanding social structural barriers and facilitators to behavioral change.Strategic communication research to illuminate and promote public engagement with climate change.A provocative rendering of motivation in its macro and micro dimensions, Change and Maintaining Change will interest researchers, practitioners, and clinicians interested in diverse areas such as smoking and other addictions, improvement and relapse in therapy, development and treatment of anxiety disorders, and social cognition and decision-making.

Does knowing a person's gender give us a reliable sense of how aggressive, competitive, or emotional he or she is? In this volume, leading scholars address the relationship between gender and aggression, competition and emotion.

A collection of eight essays that probe behavioral, cognitive, evolutionary, and physiological perspectives involved in drug abuse.

Describes contemporary approach to the modeling of complex cognitive and behavioral processes. This book provides examples of translational research ranging from clinical neuropsychology to self-actualization, from medical informatics to industrial psychology, from programmed learning to psychiatric rehabilitation.

* The adolescent origins of substance abuse disorders * The developmental matrix of addictive behavior * The genetics of cannabis involvement * The DNA methylation signature of smoking * Genomics of impulsivity: integrating genetics and neuroscience.

Similarly, there are some people who often see human agents as less than human, or more object-like. Considerations of this continuum may have considerable implications for such areas as everyday human functioning, interactions with people, animals, and objects, violence, discrimination, relationship development, mental health, or psychopathology.

Focuses on moral development theory and research, an area of academic study that began early in the twentieth century. This book deals with such themes as: what motivates moral behavior; are there certain universal moral values; and, does an individual's will or an individual's environment play a greater role in determining moral conduct.

This book brings social psychology into sharp forensic focus. Emotion, mood and affective states, plus patterns of conduct that tend to arise from them, are analyzed in theoretical and practical terms, using real-life examples from criminal and civil cases.

Features research in a dynamic area of inquiry and practice. This book considers cross-cultural differences in the idea of the person and in models of balancing obligations to the self, family, and community. It also questions the concepts of self and self-worth.

Motivational concepts pervade the classic theories of delinquency. And yet, there has been little detailed analysis of the relationship between motivation and delinquency. In this 44th volume of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, a group of leading scholars in a broad range of fields make up for that scholarly negligence, giving explicit and systematic attention to the subject. Joan McCord opens the volume by considering fundamental questions about relationships between motivation, explanation, blame, and free will, thereby developing a base from which she poses a theory of motivation for crime. Michael Rutter and colleagues review findings concerning factors ranging from social organization to behavioral genetics; throughout, they grapple with various forms of delinquency, from common misbehavior to persistent personality disorder. Gerald Patterson and Karen Yoeger¿s chapter on late-onset delinquency extends their influential work and illustrates the application of behaviorist psychology that Patterson has been developing for over twenty years. James Tedeschi examines juvenile delinquency from the perspective of his social interactionist theory of violence; this theory, based on the social psychology of interdependence, construes violence as a coercive attempt at social influence. Finally, Karen Heimer and Ross Matsueda compare the study of delinquency by social psychologists in the fields of psychology and sociology and present their own symbolic interactionist theory of delinquency.

As the 66th volume in the prestigious Nebraska Series on Motivation, this book focuses on understanding emotion and motivation as two factors that not only influence social and cognitive processes, but also shape the way we navigate our social world. Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades, pulling from scholarship in psychology, neuroscience, medicine, political science, sociology, and even computer science. This volume is informed by the growing momentum in the resulting interdisciplinary field of affective science, and examines the role of emotion and motivation in our perceptions, decision-making, and social interactions, and attempts to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that support these processes across the lifespan in both healthy and clinical populations. Included among the chapters:Emotion concept development from childhood to adulthoodEvolving psychological and neural models for the regulation of emotionPathways to motivational impairments in psychopathologyA valuation systems perspective on motivationReproducible, generalizable brain models of affective processesEmotion in the Mind and Body is a comprehensive and compelling rendering of the current state of the interdisciplinary field of affective science, and will be of interest to researchers and students working in psychology and neuroscience, as well as medicine, political science, and sociology.