This volume provides insight into whether or how sport hunting might play a strategic role in the conservation and management of polar bear in Canada's North, and examines the economic benefits to Inuit and their communities, both in terms of its monetary and sociocultural importance by examining Inuit participation in the polar bear sporthunt in the communities of Taloyoak, Resolute Bay, and Clyde River. At first glance, sport hunting may appear to have little to offer by way of insight about resource co-management. Yet, there are several important lessons to be learned from the way this aspect of the Inuit-polar bear relationship has evolved. For Inuit, the cultural, economic, and social aspects of polar bear hunting, including that carried out by visitors seeking tangible trophies, are equally intertwined.
Papers of the Symposium on Unexpected Consequences of Economic Change in Circumpolar Regions at the 34th Annual Meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology in Amsterdam, March 21 to 22, 1975.
Focuses on issues and practices associated with development-related disturbances in the North. The papers report on long-term experimental work relevant to site reclamation, including surface drainage control and re-establishment of plant cover. Papers by: P.J.B. Duffy; Peter Kershaw; Donald M. Wishart; Manivalde Vaartnou; L.C. Bliss and N.E. Grulke.
For centuries Canada's Aboriginal peoples have sought to enter into treaties of peace and friendship with colonial settlers based on the principles of sharing and co-existence. However, the latter remains an elusive goal as the land use rights and interests of Canada's Aboriginal peoples have yet to be reconciled with those of other Canadians. To date, the solutions have been inequitable, forcing Aboriginal peoples to either accept the policies and institutions imposed upon them by the Canadian State, or refuse to participate at all. Planning Co-Existence-the second of two volumes highlighting the critical research of the Aboriginal Program of the Sustainable Forest Management Network-presents the question: How do we begin to accommodate the land and resource use rights and interests of Canada's Aboriginal peoples while finding common ground for co-existence with other Canadians who have come to occupy these shared spaces? By addressing this question, Planning Co-Existence explores the current state of land use planning in Canada, what may be required to meet the Crown's legal and fiduciary obligations in these processes, and a variety of issues of central importance to Aboriginal peoples that need to be addressed in the design and implementation of forestry and land use plans. In so doing, this volume lays the groundwork for a more informed discussion about reconciliation and co-existence in the context of Aboriginal land use planning in Canada in the hope of achieving social and environmental justice sooner rather than later. Introduction by: Marc G. Stevenson and David C. Natcher. Chapters by: Jim S. Frideres and Cash Rowe; Marc G. Stevenson; Jimmie R. Webb; Jimmie R. Webb; Monique Passelac-Ross; Eddison Lee-Johnson and Ronald Trosper; Nathan Deutsch and Iain Davidson-Hunt; Daniel D. Kneeshaw, Mario Larouche, Hugo Asselin, Marie-Christine Adam, Marie Saint-Arnaud, and Gerardo Reyes; Stephen Wyatt, David C. Natcher, Peggy Smith, and Jean-Francois Fortier; Deborah McGregor; M.A. (Peggy) Smith, Erin Symington, and Sarah Allen; Marc G. Stevenson and Pamela Perreault; Brent Kuefler, Adrian Tanner, and David C. Natcher; Marc G. Stevenson and David C. Natcher.
Migration has played a significant role in development throughout the circumpolar north. It has affected the size and demographic composition of Arctic communities and has influenced the public and private services provided to the residents of these communities. Global change will affect the population of the north as the arctic and its resources are of interest to the world economy. Understanding migration will provide a foundation for anticipating the demographic future of the region. This book provides an introduction to the study of migration in the circumpolar north, a region that includes the northern parts of eight Arctic nations (Russia, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Greenland (Denmark), Canada, and the US). The Norths in each of these eight countries share certain demographic and environmental characteristics as well as an economic base dependent on natural resource production. In much of the north, indigenous populations continue to practice place-specific traditional economic activities. This volume provides the reader with an overview of the causes and consequences of migration behaviour in the northern regions of most Arctic countries and discusses policy issues that arise from the recent northern migration experience. The chapters provide an opportunity to explore the northern experience through a representative selection of research from various disciplines and regions. The divergent institutional, economic, and policy histories in similar environmental circumstances suggest that much can be learned by comparing and contrasting the migration experience around the circumpolar north. The lessons learned can be useful to both academics and policy makers interested in the north and its communities. Chapters by: Lawrence C. Hamilton; Lee Huskey and Lance Howe; Chris Southcott; Timothy Heleniak; Lasse Sigbj?rn Stamb?l; Olle Westerlund; Elil Heikkil? and Maria Pikkarainen; Stephanie Martin; Tatiana Vlasova and Audrey N. Petrov; and Alla Bolotova and Florian Stammler.
In 1925, four Inuit men from the central Canadian Arctic boarded a Revillon Fr?res supply ship bound for the South. Stuck in the ice-pack during the winter of 1924-25, the Jean Revillon needed repair and a crew to make it back to its hauling location at Shelburne, Nova Scotia. Some non-Inuit involved in this voyage referred to it as an 'experiment.' Since it was the first time Inuit would man a company ship on such a long journey. Lionel Angutinguaq, Athanasie Angutitaq, Louis Taapatai, and Savikataaq, having brought the ship to save harbour, spent the winter in the South and returned home the next spring. In relating their experience to people on their return they provided first-hand accounts of life in the South. In the 1990s, the story of these Inuit sailors was still a topic of discussion in the North. However, memories about it were fragmented. Archival research and fieldwork provided missing information and a relatively complete account of their round trip is now available. Their story was also adapted as teaching material for Inuit students participating in a university introductory summer program, called NunaScotia. This monograph, based on collaborative ethno-historical research and fieldwork, relates the story, the collaborative process and its outcomes, both scientific (numerous conference presentations) and pedagogical. The trip from Qamani'tuaq (Baker Lake), in contemporary Nunavut, to southern Canada documents the early relationships between Inuit and Nova Scotians. Various points-of-view contribute to the broadest possible understanding of the journey. Such diverse perspectives are expected since the Inuit sailors, the Revillon family and the people associated with the shipbuilding industry or the fur trade were involved in the trip per se to various degrees. The reasons they were all engaged in this voyage are also, to some extent, quite disparate. Still, Roundtrip is a clear example of how people from very different backgrounds collaborated in the past, when Inuit actually sailed onboard the Jean Revillon, and more recently, when the research was conducted.
Fishing often makes an important contribution to food security in northern regions, where agriculture is impossible or marginal at best, as well as providing important occupational and economic diversification in small and often remote communities. In such locations the high cost and often low nutritional value of imported foods can be offset by fishing, hunting and gathering activities that contribute significantly to peoples' socio-economic circumstances and health. In some societies, fishing is regarded as women's work, but in far more cases it is considered to be men's work. The conventional recognition of the primary role of men in fish harvesting often results in men's knowledge being the principal (or only) source of important local knowledge considered by fisheries' managers and decision-makers. The resulting under-representation of women's knowledge may compromise the quality of management decision-making, suggesting the desirability of including knowledge obtained by women more especially during the processing and food-preparation phases of product use. This book provides the reader with a current accounting of the generally under-recognized role of women in a variety of northern subsistence and industrial fisheries, both aboriginal and non-aboriginal, rural- and urban-based, in Alaska, Arctic Canada, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The authors draw attention to the need for a more critical understanding of the emphasis often placed on hunting and associated male dominance in food production in northern societies. Whereas the representation of men as hunters (and fishers) and women as gatherers and food-preparers is all too commonly encountered in the literature, this collection argues that fishing as an activity may be much more ambiguous and nuanced than previously considered, and increasingly so as modernization further alters customary social roles and attitudes. Today (and almost certainly continuing into the future), the occupational opportunities available to more highly-educated rural residents offer a wider range of choices with respect to work, place of residence, and lifestyle, suggesting that it is unwise to seek to predict how the changing roles of women in fisheries will appear in the future. This volume tests a number of assumptions and prior conclusions in respect to gender and fisheries, and indeed, of gender relations more generally, and in so doing provides useful information and insights that inform current understandings of these northern societies and social identities, as well as very likely stimulating future research. Chapters by: Katherine Reedy-Maschner; Virginia Mulle and Sine Anahita; Martina Nyrrell; Anna Karlsd?ttir; Kerrie-Ann Shannon; Melissa Robinson, Phyllis Morrow, and Darlene Northway; Siri Gerrard; Joanna Kafarowski; Maria ?den; Elina Helander-Renvall; Elisabeth Angell; Gunhild Hoogensen
Conservation hunting holds promise for improving the conditions of rural communities, wildlife and habitat. This is the report of an international conference titled People, Wildlife and Hunting: Emerging Conservation Paradigms that was held in Edmonton, Alberta in October 2004. The conference brought together people sharing a common involvement or interest in conservation hunting, an outgrowth of recreational hunting, that recognizes the significant contribution that hunting can make to social and ecological well being. This report focuses attention more particularly (but not exclusively) upon community-based conservation-hunting programs operating in the Canadian North. Conference participants included hunters, outfitters, community representatives, wildlife managers, researchers and conservationists from across Canada and from overseas. The goal of the conference was to explore the relationship linking trophy hunting, wildlife conservation, and community sustainability in rural areas. Recognizing the importance of hunting to large-mammal management and to community economies in many rural areas of Canada, and especially in the Canadian North, the Canadian Circumpolar Institute (CCI) and the Alberta cooperative Conservation Research Unit (ACCRU) at the University of Alberta organized the People, Wildlife and Hunting Conference to foster greater awareness and understanding of this useful conservation tool. Papers by: William A. Wall; Peter J. Ewins; James Pokiak; Sulvia Birkholz, Naomi Krogman, Marty Luckert and Kelly Semple; Jon Hutton; George W. Wenzel and Martha Dowsley; H. Dean Cuff and Ernie Campbell; Frank Pokiak; Kai Wollscheid; Lee Foote; Graham Van Tighem, Thomas S. Jung and Michelle Oakley; Drikus Gissing; Marco Festa-Bianchet; and Barney Smith and Harvey Jessup.
The traditional pursuit of whales by Eskimo hunters remains an area in which humans articulate directly with natural processes. To present-day urban dwellers, such direct relations between people, wild animals, and the environment may seem exotic but they continue to be important pursuits for many I?upiat and Yupik peoples. This volume traces regional Native whaling practices from approximately 2,000 years to the present. Contributions center on three themes: variations in whaling, Yupik and I?upiat whaling traditions over time, and interactions with changing environmental conditions that include major climatic episodes as well as shorter fluctuations. Western Arctic Native whaling has never been a uniform practice. By calling attention to local, flexible adaptations, this volume distinguishes between common approaches and how societies lived in real time and space. Papers by: Allen P. McCartney and Roger K. Harritt; John C. Dixon; Roger K. Harritt; Owen K. Mason and Valerie Barber; Yvon Csonka; Lev G. Dinesman and Arkady B. Savinetsky; James M. Savelle and Allen P. McCartney; Howard W. Braham; Lyudmila S. Bogoslovskaya; John C. George, Stephen Braund, Harry Brower, Jr., Craig Nicolson, and Todd M. O'Hara; Barbara Bodenhorn; Carol Zane Jolles; Mary A. Larson; Susan W. Fair; Mark S. Cassell; and Herbert O. Anungazuk.
Offers a perspective of northern native societies that have depended upon whaling for centuries. Alaskan and Western Canadian Arctic coastal residents have pursued these animals as sources of food and fuel, but whaling also serves as a center for cultural traditional and spiritual sustenance. Papers by: Rober K. Harritt, Carol Zane Jolles, and Allen P. McCartney; Owen K. Mason and S. Craig Gerlach; Roger K. Harritt; Don E. Dumond; Linda Finn Yarborough; Allen P. McCartney; T. Max Friesen and Charles D. Arnold; James M. Savelle; David R. Yesner; Hans-Georg Bandi; Glenn W. Sheehan; Mary Ann Larson; Carol Zane Jolles; Stephen R. Braund and Elisabeth L. Moorehead; Howard W. Braham; Carol Zane Jolles; and Herbert O. Anungazuk.
A compilation of highly sought-after research focusing on wolf management and recovery programs in North America. Reviews the status of wolves in Canada, the United States, Greenland, and the Trans-Himalayan region. Specific chapters address several themes: historical perspectives and the evolution of wolf-human relationships; the status, biology, and management of wolves; restoration, reintroduction, and control programs; wolf-prey dynamics and implications of conservation practices; behavior and social interactions; taxonomy; diseases and physiology; and, research and management techniques. Proceedings of the Second North American Symposium on Wolves, 1992. Papers by: L. Boitani; F.F. Gilbert; R.D. Hayes and J.R. Gunson; F.L. Miller; R.O. Stephenson, W.B. Ballard, C.A. Smith, and K. Richardson; U. Marquard-Peterson; R.P. Thiel and R.R. Ream; P. Schullery and L. Whittlesey; C.E. Kay; D. Dekker, W. Bradford, and J.R. Gunson; J.L. Fox and R.S. Chundawat; S.H. Fritts, D.R. Harms, J.A. Fontaine and M.D. Jimenez; D.K. Boyd, P.C. Pacquet, S. Donelon, R.R. Ream, D.H. Pletscher, and C.C. White; D.R. Parsons and J.E. Nicholopoulos; A.P. Wydeven, R.N. Schultz, and R.P. Thiel; M.K. Phillips, R. Smith, V.G. Henry, and C. Lucash; R.P. Thiel and T. Valen; D.R. Seip; F. Messier; M.S. Boyce; D.J. Vales and J.M. Peek; B.W. Dale, L.G. Adams, and R.T. Bowyer; L.D. Mech, T.J. Meier, J.W. Burch, and L.G. Adams; L.G. Adams, B.W. Dale, and L.D. Mech; D.C. Thomas; D.R. Klein; C.S. Asa; C.S. Asa and L.D. Mech; T.J. Meier, J.W. Burch, L.D. Mech, and L.G. Adams; G.J. Forbes and J.B. Theberge; R.O. Peterson; T.K. Fuller; S.G. Fancy and W.B. Ballard; C. Vila, V. Urios, and J. Castroviejo; R.E. Anderson, B.L.C. Hill, J. Ryon, and J.C. Fentress; W.G. Brewster and S.H. Fritts; R.M. Nowak; R.K. Wayne, N. Lehman, and T.K. Fuller; R.M. Nowak, M.K. Phillips, V.G. Henry, W.C. Hunter, and R. Smith; C.J. Brand, M.J. Pybus, W.B. Ballard, and R.O. Peterson; M.R. Johnson, T.N. Bailey, E.E. Bangs, and R.O. Peterson; M.D. Drag, W.B. Ballard, G.M. Matson, and P.R. Krausman. W.B. Ballard, D.J. Reed, S.G. Fancy, and P.R. Krausman; W.B. Ballard, M.E. McNay, C.L. Gardner, and D.J. Reed; D.A. Haggstrom, A.k. Ruggles, C.M. Harms, and R.O. Stephenson; H.D. Cluff and D.L. Murray; R.D. Boertje, D.G. Kelleyhouse, and R.D. Hayes; R. Reid and D. Janz; R. Coppinger and L. Coppinger; P.L. Clarkson; L.D. Mech; Epilogue by M. Hummel
Considers the sometimes problematic relationship between traditional and scientific wildlife management knowledge and practices: environmental ethics, resource management systems, co-management arrangements and options, and the role of commissions in resource management. Papers by: Fikret Berkes; Anne Gunn, Goo Arlooktoo and David Kaomayok; Rick Riewe and Lloyd Gamble; Polly Wheeler; Ivar Bjorklund; Richard Caulfield; Miriam McDonald; Harvey Feit; Gail Osherenko; and Thomas A. Andrews
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