Böcker av Abdelkader Bensafa

Numerous countries throughout the world began reforming their educational systems in order to meet the constantly evolving issues and expectations of an increasingly globalized society. However, in Algeria, the educational sphere is still highly based on the traditional method of teaching which is considered to be less effective. Thus, the objective of this work was to shed light on the significance of the recent teaching method ¿¿Flipped classroom¿ which succeeded to gain universal popularity and became a buzzword in several countries, In addition to exploring its impact on the learning process in EFL classrooms particularly in Tlemcen.

A competência pragmática ou conhecimento pragmático é a capacidade de exprimir um significado para além das regras da língua. Não se trata apenas de gramática, mas também de significado. Os aprendentes de línguas precisam de saber como certas expressões são usadas em inglês. Não basta conhecer as regras gramaticais sem saber em que situações as regras devem ser aplicadas. Para além da competência pragmática, os aprendentes de línguas, especialmente os aprendentes de EFL, devem também aprender os aspectos socioculturais da(s) língua(s) que estão a aprender.

Pragmatische Kompetenz oder pragmatisches Wissen ist die Fähigkeit, Bedeutung über Sprachregeln hinaus auszudrücken. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die Grammatik, sondern auch um die Bedeutung. Sprachenlernende müssen wissen, wie bestimmte Ausdrücke in angemessenem Englisch verwendet werden. Es reicht nicht aus, die grammatikalischen Regeln zu kennen, ohne zu wissen, in welchen Situationen die Regeln angewendet werden müssen. Neben der pragmatischen Kompetenz müssen Sprachenlernende, insbesondere EFL-Lernende, auch die soziokulturellen Aspekte der Sprache(n), die sie lernen, kennen.

La competenza pragmatica o conoscenza pragmatica è la capacità di esprimere il significato al di là delle regole linguistiche. Non si tratta solo di grammatica, ma anche di significato. Gli studenti di lingue devono sapere come vengono utilizzate determinate espressioni in un inglese appropriato. Non è sufficiente conoscere le regole grammaticali senza sapere in quali situazioni le regole devono essere applicate. Oltre alla competenza pragmatica, gli studenti di lingue, in particolare gli studenti EFL, devono anche apprendere gli aspetti socioculturali della lingua che stanno imparando.

Pragmaticheskaq kompetenciq ili pragmaticheskoe znanie - äto sposobnost' wyrazhat' smysl za predelami qzykowyh prawil. Rech' idet ne tol'ko o grammatike, no i o znachenii. Izuchaüschim qzyk neobhodimo znat', kak opredelennye wyrazheniq ispol'zuütsq w sootwetstwuüschem anglijskom qzyke. Nedostatochno znat' grammaticheskie prawila, ne znaq, w kakih situaciqh äti prawila dolzhny primenqt'sq. Pomimo pragmaticheskoj kompetencii izuchaüschie qzyk, osobenno EFL, dolzhny takzhe izuchat' sociokul'turnye aspekty izuchaemogo qzyka (qzykow).

La compétence pragmatique ou connaissance pragmatique est la capacité d'exprimer le sens au-delà des règles linguistiques. Il ne s'agit pas seulement de grammaire, mais aussi de sens. Les apprenants doivent savoir comment certaines expressions sont utilisées dans un anglais approprié. Il ne suffit pas de connaître les règles grammaticales sans savoir dans quelles situations elles doivent être appliquées. Outre la compétence pragmatique, les apprenants en langues, en particulier les apprenants EFL, doivent également apprendre les aspects socioculturels de la (des) langue(s) qu'ils apprennent.

Pragmatic competence or pragmatic knowledge is the ability to express meaning beyond language rules. It deals not only about grammar but also meaning. Language learners need to know how certain expressions are used in appropriate English. It is not enough to know grammatical rules without knowing in what situations the rules must be applied. Aside from pragmatic competence language learners especially EFL learners must also learn the socio-cultural aspects of the language(s) they are learning.

The United States currently has unprecedented power. How the United States harnesses that power will have a profound and enduring effect on the next generation of Americans and the world. Lee Hamilton explains how the U.S. can lead as a benign power.Americans must ask themselves what they want to do with this power. How will the U.S. protect itself? How will we protect our friends and allies? What is the future of international cooperation, security, and economic globalization? How does the U.S. want to be perceived in the world, and how will that perception help or hinder our ability to get things done?To this day, American Jews remain largely oblivious to the sea change in the status of the Jewish community in the last half-century. Much of the world views American Jewry as a focused bloc of influential, determined believers, firmly entrenched in the American power structure. The average American Jew views his or her community as a scattered congregation of six million-odd individuals of similar origins and diverse beliefs, fortunate children and grandchildren of immigrant tailors and peddlers.

Since February 22nd when the protests started, Algerians have been protesting every Friday for the past 42 weeks even after Bouteflikäs resignation. What started as a protest against a presidential candidature has now evolved into a movement demanding regime change and a complete overhaul of the political system. Protestors have been chanting ¿Yetnahaw Gaä (They All Should Go) referring to the end of over 20 years of oppression.The strength of this hirak, also known as Revolution of Smiles, is that the protestors have learned the lessons of the Arab Spring. Millions of people, both men and women, who mostly young, are participating in the weekly marches, occupying public spaces and peacefully demanding the regime to change. This unorganized movement with no leader is seeking dramatic change through entirely peaceful means, preventing the influence of extremist groups, as what occured in Libya and Syria.