Böcker av Bertrand Russell

Why I am not a Christian is considered one of the most blasphemous philosophical documents ever written, and at a time when we have faith schools and wars over religious beliefs, its message today couldn't be more relevant.

History Of Western Philosophy was published in 1946. A dazzlingly ambitious project, it remains unchallenged to this day as the ultimate introduction to Western philosophy.

Previously published: New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953.

How do we know what we 'know'? How did we - as individuals and as a society - come to accept certain knowledge as fact? This title questions the reliability of our assumptions on knowledge. It investigates the relationship between 'individual' and 'scientific' knowledge.

The author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. He introduces philosophy as a repeating series of (failed) attempts to answer the same questions: Can we prove that there is an external world? Can we prove cause and effect? Can we validate any of our generalizations? Can we objectively justify morality? He asserts that philosophy cannot answer any of these questions and that any value of philosophy must lie elsewhere than in offering proofs to these questions.Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then know of them but by probability? There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sensory data.The book also looks at the question of mathematical truths and philosophy within mathematics, particularly the question of how pure mathematics is possible.Russell guides the reader through his famous 1910 distinction between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description and introduces important theories of Plato, Aristotle, René Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and others to lay the foundation for philosophical inquiry by general readers and scholars alike.

The Proposed Roads to Freedom is a treatise by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, which contemplates a society in which anarcho-communism is coupled with worker syndicalism.Russell discusses various aspects of socialist-communist and syndicalist thought, and applies them to the various portions of civil society. Beginning with an examination of the history of the political theories and their potential for success, Russell proposes a sort of 'guild socialism' whereby workers are organized into different groupings and specialisms, as opposed to the centralized, bureaucratic system advocated by state socialism. Although Russell believes that the socialist system would be the closest to perfection, he does not believe that it would be entirely lacking of flaws. Furthermore, Russell attributes many problems of the theory as solvable over time; a fine-tuning of the technical implementation of socialist economics would, so the author proposes, iron out the problems and inefficiencies in the system.

An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry was first published in 1897, and is based on Russell's Cambridge dissertation as well as lectures given during a journey through the USA. Bertrand Russell's Preface from the book:The present work is based on a dissertation submitted at the Fellowship Examination of Trinity College, Cambridge, in the year 1895. Section B of the third chapter is in the main a reprint, with some serious alterations, of an article in Mind (New Series, No. 17). The substance of the book has been given in the form of lectures at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania.My chief obligation is to Professor Klein. Throughout the first chapter, I have found his "Lectures on non-Euclidean Geometry" an invaluable guide; I have accepted from him the division of Metageometry into three periods, and have found my historical work much lightened by his references to previous writers. In Logic, I have learnt most from Mr Bradley, and next to him, from Sigwart and Dr Bosanquet. On several important points, I have derived useful suggestions from Professor James's "Principles of Psychology."

¿Existe algún conocimiento en el mundo que pueda ser tan cierto que ningún hombre razonable pueda dudar de él? Esta pregunta, que a primera vista puede no parecer difícil, es realmente una de las más complicadas que se pueden hacer. Cuando nos damos cuenta de los obstáculos que hay para dar una respuesta directa y confiable a esta pregunta, estamos ya en el camino del estudio de la filosofía ¿ porque la filosofía es, simplemente, el intento de dar respuesta a ese tipo de preguntas, sin premura y sin dogmatismos, tal como se hace en la vida común e inclusive en las ciencias, sino críticamente, después de explorar todo lo que hace de esas preguntas un verdadero rompecabezas y después que nos hayamos percatado de toda la vaguedad y la confusión en las que se basan nuestras ideas comunes.

Bertrand Russell, a philosopher, published The Problems of Philosophy in 1912. In this book, he makes an effort to produce a short and accessible overview of the issues with philosophy. He describes philosophy as a series of ongoing (failed) attempts to address the same issues. Philosophy cannot provide value by providing answers to these issues through proof.According to Bertrand Russell, the existence of external things cannot be questioned based solely on sensory evidence. Russell explains his well-known distinction between information gained by acquaintance and knowledge gained via description made in 1910. Aristotle, Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and other thinkers are among those whose views he introduces.A summary of significant philosophical contributions is given in The Problems of Philosophy. Russell evaluates earlier arguments critically and reacts to them using his own set of distinctions and tools. However, the context in which problems develop is universal, as is what interests us about reality and our perception of it.