Böcker av Edward G. Carmines

Offers an assessment of democracy in America that charts the strengths and weaknesses of the nation's democratic mechanisms and outlines the challenges that lie ahead. This title focuses on the quality of American political life, the representativeness of its governing institutions, and the issues of racial and economic equity.

This guide explains how social scientists can evaluate the reliability and validity of empirical measurements, discussing the three basic types of validity: criterion related, content, and construct. In addition, the paper shows how reliability is assessed by the retest method, alternative-forms procedure, split-halves approach, and internal consistency method.