Böcker av International Monetary Fund: African Department

This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the choice of policies to reach the more ambitious 2030 emission reduction goals currently under consideration. It provides an analysis of the macroeconomic and distributional impacts of different options to scale up the mitigation effort, and proposes enhancements to the existing EU policies.

The aftermath of the global financial crisis has left many advanced economies with very high sovereign debt ratios and some emerging markets with high debt. This report considers whether there are ways to expand fiscal space that do not involve countries paying down debt or promising to do so in the future.

Excessively procyclical fiscal policy can be harmful. This paper investigates to what extent the fiscal policies of sub-Saharan African countries were procyclical in recent years and the reasons for the degree of fiscal procyclicality among these countries. It finds that a tendency for procyclical fiscal policy was particularly pronounced among oil exporters and after the global financial crisis.