Böcker av Michael Devitt

The consensus in philosophy of biology is that biological essences, such as the essences of species, are wholly relational; Michael Devitt argues that they are at least partly intrinsic. He further argues that an individual is essentially a member of its species. He concludes by considering whether race is biologically 'real'.

This book criticizes the methodology of the recent semantics-pragmatics debate in the theory of language and proposes an alternative. It applies this methodology to argue for a traditional view against a group of ¿contextualists¿ and ¿pragmatists¿, including Sperber and Wilson, Bach, Carston, Recanati, Neale, and many others. The author disagrees with these theorists who hold that the meaning of the sentence in an utterance never, or hardly ever, yields its literal truth-conditional content, even after disambiguation and reference fixing; it needs to be pragmatically supplemented in context.The standard methodology of this debate is to consult intuitions. The book argues that theories should be tested against linguistic usage. Theoretical distinctions, however intuitive, need to be scientifically motivated. Also we should not be guided by Grice¿s ¿Modified Occam¿s Razor¿, Ruhl¿s ¿Monosemantic Bias¿, or other such strategies for ¿meaning denialism¿. From this novel perspective, the striking examples of context relativity that motivate contextualists and pragmatists typically exemplify semantic rather than pragmatic properties. In particular, polysemous phenomena should typically be treated as semantic ambiguity. The author argues that conventions have been overlooked, that there¿s no extensive ¿semantic underdetermination¿ and that the new theoretical framework of ¿truth-conditional pragmatics¿ is a mistake.

Argues for a thoroughgoing realism about the common-sense and scientific physical world, and for a correspondence notion of truth. Furthermore, he argues that, contrary to received opinion, the metaphysical question of realism is distinct from, and prior to, any semantic question about truth.