Böcker av Musa Khan Jalalzai

Technology has empowered antagonism with the ability to form nearly enough factions to erode the power of the state. It has enabled the theft of secrets and the proliferation of dangerous knowledge over vast distances. Governments no longer have a monopoly over information. Secrets are harder to keep than ever before. At the same time, technology has made the dream of near real-time fusion of intelligence come true. It has revolutionised tradecraft and continued to hold out the promise of being able to detect dangerous corporeality. After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, intelligence agencies were desperately looking for a different mission to justify their existence. The mandate of intelligence defines its job and stresses the need to perform it within a legal framework and demonstrate resilience and ambitions. In several European states, during the operation of intelligence agencies, many things are not going in the right direction. These kinds of operations have never been successful. A clearly defined mandate helps a security intelligence service to function within a statutory remit. Through various measures, intelligence agencies collect information about sarcastic elements and foreign networks. Following the post-cold war intelligence mechanism in Britain and European Union member states, the emerging threat of foreign espionage has become precarious to national security. Cyber terrorism and information theft are a second type of threat to the economy and businesses of the government. However, one type of espionage that has not emaciated but rather expanded after the end of the Cold War is economic espionage. Threat intelligence provides better insight into the threat landscape and threat actors. Foreign espionage is not one kind of interference in the affairs of the state but damages national security. Hostile states have been attempting to harm and intimidate businesses and infiltrate government institutions to create an environment of fear. Some Eastern European intelligence agencies are undergoing a deep crisis of confidence, and national security management. A contest of strength between domestic and foreign intelligence agencies and, a misplaced sense of professional approach, poor organisational management, threaten the security of these states.

This book highlights intelligence and security sector reforms within the European Union, radicalization, espionage and the Lone-Wolves attacks.

The book is a collection of articles by eminent scholars on the future of the illicit trade of nuclear materials in South Asia by non-state actors and terrorists.

Pakistan maintains 32 secret agencies working under different democratic, political, and military stakeholders who use them for their own interests. The working of various intelligence agencies, the militarisation of intelligence and ineffectiveness of the civilian intelligence are some of the issues discussed in the book.

The book discussed the issues regarding the prospect of nuclear terrorism in Central Asia and possibly in Russia and the risk of a complete nuclear device falling into the hands of terrorists.

The book is a combination of articles on the Plunder of Afghanistan's Natural wealth by several insurgents' groups.

In this book, the author discusses the sustainability of the Afghan National Army and Air Force.

Oil and gas exploration in Afghanistan diverted the attention of international community towards the mineral resources of the country. From 1960 to 1980,about fifteen oil and natural gas fields were discovered in northern Afghanistan. In 2008, Russia sought to extend its gas pipeline to Europe. War between Pakistan and India in Afghanistan, civil war in Pakistan and Afghanistan created some difficulties in exploring the natural resources of Afghanistan. Afghanistan and Pakistan finalized a new Afghan-Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement(APTTA)which allows Afghan trucks to carry export goods to Wagah border for destinations in India. This agreement allows Pakistan to use Afghan territory as transit rout. Indian goods for Afghanistan will not be allowed to transit through land route in Pakistan. The new agreement replaced the 1965 transit trade agreement which allows landlocked Afghanistan to import goods through Pakistani ports. The declaration was signed on the occasion of the visit of Afghan President Hamid Karzai to Pakistan on the invitation of President Asif Ali Zardari.

Shorttitle:The issue of the involvement of British extremists in the civil wars of various states became more complicated, while the British police began enquiries into the British Somalis involvement in sectarian war in the country. As per my recent research papers these groups have experience in the preparation of Improvised Explosive Devices., During his visit to Afghanistan, the UK Foreign Minister was shown Taliban Explosive Device, containing British- made components. The evidence of the involvement of the UK extremist and terror groups in the war in Afghanistan was provided to the British authorities by the US forces. These groups and their British members are, controlled from the UK extremist networks. Money is properly channele from the UK to Pakistani and Afghan Taliban.

The creation of an Afghan National Army was part of the agenda of international conference in Germany in 2002. International community agreed that Afghan National Army would be ethnically balanced but in 2002, as an Afghan Defence Minister, General Qasim Fahim made some appointments on ethnic bases. The list of all appointed 100 generals indicates that,90 generals belonged to Northern Alliance. Ethnic rivalries within the Afghan National Army is the most serious issue facing NATO allies and Afghanistan. Several ethnic incidents, political appointments, sub-conflicts and inter-related conflicts have caused volatile crisis in the country. International coalition instead of supporting the Afghan National Army strengthens Private Security Companies. Local warlords and their militias are primary source of insecurity, as they violate basic human rights with impunity. After the failures of all U.S strategies, private militias brutality and insecurity, there is growing consensus among Afghans that the U.S and NATO allies are pursuing flawed military strategies of arming war criminals.