Böcker av National Academy Of Sciences

The shift in US-China relations since normalization has resulted in an influx of Chinese students and scholars studying at US institutions. This book explores issues - such as China's concern about a 'brain drain' as Chinese students decide to stay in the United States. It explains why data on Chinese students in the United States are elusive.

Presents the links between common childhood vaccines - tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B - and specific types of disorders or death. This book discusses approaches to evidence and causality and examine the consequences - neurologic and immunologic disorders and death - linked with immunization.

Examines the complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. This book proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, and obesity.

Explores how the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. This volume explores the "default option" and other concepts. It is meant for the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, and students.

Reviews relevant materials, describes each technique, makes recommendations in some cases for scientific research and investigation, and notes applications in military and industrial settings. This book contains techniques that address a range of goals, from enhancing classroom learning to improving creativity and motor skills.

Provides a survey of what is known about injuries, and suggests that there is a vast need to know more. This book traces findings on the epidemiology of injuries, prevention of injuries, injury biomechanics and the prevention of impact injury, treatment, rehabilitation, and administration of injury research.

Brings together the research on protein absorption by ruminants and takes a look at the calculation of optimum nutrient requirements, including bacterial digestion, in the calculations. This book also describes the parameters of nitrogen conversion in the ruminant and examines the different kinds of protein found in animal feedstuffs.

Evaluating claims based on pain poses problems for the Social Security Administration (SSA) and other disability insurers. This volume covers the epidemiology and physiology of pain; psychosocial contributions to pain and illness behavior; promising ways of assessing and measuring chronic pain and dysfunction; and clinical aspects of prevention.

Examines the characteristics and composition of different types of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and discusses possible health effects of ETS. This book presents an overview of methods used to determine exposures to environmental smoke and reviews both chronic and acute health effects. It includes recommendations for areas of further research.

Presents the results of studies of hazardous wastes in the air, water, soil, and food, and examines the potential of biological markers in health risk assessment. This volume is of interest to toxicologists, environmental health professionals, epidemiologists, and other biologists.

Part of a series that provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. This volume determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.

Evaluate how marine protected areas can be employed to support specific conservation needs of marine and coastal waters. This work compares conventional management of marine resources with proposals to augment these management strategies with a system of protected areas. It argues that implementation of MPAs should be incremental and adaptive.

Examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. This work draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of intervention strategies. It offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of information.

Recommends ways to close gaps in our understanding - by obtaining the necessary data on drug prices and consumption (quantity in addition to frequency); upgrading federal management of drug statistics; and improving our evaluation of prevention, interdiction, enforcement, and treatment efforts.

The Mathematics Teacher Preparation Content Workshop activities focused on using actual acts of teaching such as examining student work, designing tasks, or posing questions, as a medium for teacher learning. This work is a collection of the papers presented, the activities, and plenary sessions that took place.

Brain disorders - neurological, psychiatric, and developmental - affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. This work describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders.

Summarizes what we know about marijuana from evidence-based medicine. This book helps the reader understand what science has to say about medical marijuana but also the logic behind the scientific conclusions. It addresses the science base and the therapeutic effects of marijuana use for medical conditions such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis.

Discusses the link between basic research and societal needs, and how improvements in technology have provided opportunities for observing the processes of present-day Earth. This text examines six main areas in which the opportunities for research are especially complelling.

Contains 17 papers that mark the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. This book, organized into five sections, covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.

States that US Air Force (USAF) planners have envisioned that uninhabited air vehicles (UAVs), working in concert with inhabited vehicles, will become an integral part of the future force structure. This title also states that plans are based on the premise that UAVs have the potential to augment, or even replace, inhabited aircraft in missions.

In 1997, for the first time commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the Eastern Range (ER), located at Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. This title discusses whether range safety processes can be made more efficient and less costly without compromising public safety.