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A. The Appropriations Process.1. U.S. Constitution, Art. I, ? 8, grants Congress the ?. . . power to lay andcollect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and providefor the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States . . . .?2. U.S. Constitution, Art. I, ? 9, provides that ?[N]o Money shall be drawnfrom the Treasury but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.?B. The Supreme Court?s Fiscal Philosophy: ?The established rule is that theexpenditure of public funds is proper only when authorized by Congress, not thatpublic funds may be expended unless prohibited by Congress.? United States v.MacCollom, 426 U.S. 317 (1976).

This manual describes the guidelines to be followed in selecting a process capable of producing potable water supplies from brackish and sea water sources. Prepared by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for military water needs, the technical information is equally applicable to many civilian needs.

CONTENTSTHE AMERICAN THIRD ARMY Preface Organization of Third Army Operation Instructions in Connection With Armistice Conditions Encountered in Advance Plans for Crossing the German Frontier Entry Into Germany Plans for Crossing the Rhine Occupation for the Coblenz Bridgehead Movement of Third Army Into Germany Completed Strength of Third Army, December 19, 1918 Composition of Third Army as of December 23, 1918 Plan in Event of Renewal of Hostilities Field Orders Prescribing Procedure in Event Enemy Refuses To Sign Peace Treaty German Government Signs Peace Treaty Strength, July 2, 1919 Army Troops, November 15, 1918-July 2, 1919 History of the American Third Army, November 14, 1918-July 2, 1919AMERICAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF OCCUPIED GERMANY Preface Military Government During the March to the Rhine Administration of Military Government in American Occupied Territory Military Tribunals Ordinances, Their Interpretations and Later Modifications Food Supply of Civil Population in American Occupied Territory Public Works and Utilities Relations Between Army and Civil Population Finance and Requisitions American Supervision of German Civil Government The Rhenish Separatist MovementGERMAN CAMPAIGN PLANS Preface Early German Estimate of American Strength Germany Plans Smashing Blow Against British Front British Give Way in Southern Area Before Heavy German Attacks In Spite of Early Success, Germans Fail To Reach Amiens by March 28, 1918 Ludendorff Orders Offensive To Be Halted German Estimate of Combat Value of American Troops Beginning of Bluecher Attack German Attack in Aisne Area Comes to a Halt German Propaganda Efforts for Americans German Attack in Marne Area Stalled Ludendorff Admits Failure of Reims Attack Germans Go on Defensive, August 1918 Situation on the West Front, September 1, 1918 Estimate of Situation Preceding St-Mihiel Attack Results of German Defensive Battles Proposal To Enter Peace Negotiations Information About American Army Preparations by Germans To Withdraw Into Prepared Rearward Positions Definite Orders for Retirement From the Fighting Front Group of Armies Ordered To Withdraw Into Hermann Position Directions for Execution of Antwerp-Meuse Movement Estimate of Situation, October 31, 1918 Cessation of Hostilities

This manual contains basic and advanced training and techniques for static line parachuting. It is designed to standardize procedures for initial qualification and training of personnel in their duties and responsibilities in airborne operations. The jumpmaster, assistant jumpmaster, safeties, DACO, DZSTL, and DZSO occupy key positions in airborne operations. This manual contains the initial training and qualifications of the personnel designated to occupy these critical positions. This publication was prepared by the U.S. Army Infantry School.

War has been said to be an impersonal thing, and in many respects it is. However, armies are necessarily composed of human beings-who perform or influence the performance of great actions; who bring new growth and new challenge; and who have the capacity to leave a legacy of honor, hard work and respect for the law. This is a history of such people. It is also a history of the law they practiced, where their deeds and dreams depend for explanation upon the conditions and circumstances of their time. Many kinds of lawyers appear here in text and vignette. Wells Blodgett, Blanton Winship and Eugene Caffey were combat soldiers of great distinction, wearers of the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross or Silver Star. Important, too, were the citizen-soldiers, members of the Reserve and National Guard, who left home and work to answer wartime needs. There are "great" names, too: John Marshall and Felix Frankfurter of the Supreme Court; great law teachers such as John Chipman Gray, Edmund Morgan, and John Henry Wigmore; and such prominent public servants as Henry L. Stimson, Enoch Crowder, Patrick J. Hurley, and Leon Jaworski. The unique American military legal system both produced and is the product of great lawyers. After John Adams, who introduced the first major criminal code in the Continental Congress in 1776, the efforts of men like William Winthrop, Samuel Ansell and Kenneth Hodson produced proud chapters in the history of the law. Finally, there is a general category of men who participated in key events in our history, who responded to the various challenges and tests. Judge Advocates from the beginning to modern days had the burden of conducting trials in the glare of publicity: the prosecutions of Benedict Arnold, the assassins of President Lincoln, and the Nazi saboteurs come to mind. Other "events" presented opportunities for bold, forthright public service by the Judge Advocates General of the time: the Army's growth from 200,000 to eight million men in World War II; implementation of a revolutionary Uniform Code of Military Justice during combat in Korea; and the most recent problems of a new kind of war and new forms of public reaction. Judge Advocates General George Davis, Myron Cramer, Ernest Brannon and Charles Decker, among others, were the architects of adjustment to the demands of modern war and politics as "the world's largest law firm" finished the last decades of its second century.

This 1967 U. S. Army Training Circular is a guide for commanders and staff in the orientation and training of personnel for operations in the Republic of Vietnam. It encompasses Viet Cong mine and boobytrap materiel, techniques of employment, and defensive measures to be taken against Viet Cong mine and boobytrap activities.Contents:IntroductionMines and DemolitionsFuzes and Firing DevicesBoobytrapsMine Warfare TechniquesDefense Against Viet Cong Mines and Boobytraps

Originally published by the War Department in 1917, Lessons in Fortification is divided into two parts: "Effects of Artillery Fire" and "Field Fortification and the Protection of Batteries."

The purpose of this study is to describe the climatic conditions encountered by the German armed forces during four years of struggle in European Russia. To this end the climate of the various regions is described together with its effects on men and equipment, combat and supply. Parts Two, Three, and Four are concerned with European Russia south of the Arctic Circle; Part Five treats of European Russia north of the Arctic Circle. The study emphasizes the lessons learned and improvisations employed to surmount difficult situations. A Western European army fighting in Russia is faced with conditions entirely different from those to which it is accustomed, conditions rooted in the peculiarities of Russia and its people. The most unusual characteristic of the country is the climate, which affects terrain and vegetation and determines living conditions in general. The climate leaves its mark upon the Russian and his land, and he who steps for the first time on Russian soil is immediately conscious of the new, the strange, the primitive. The German soldier who crossed into Russian territory felt that he entered a different world, where he was opposed not only by the forces of the enemy but also by the forces of nature. Nature is the ally of the Russian Army, and the struggle against this alliance was a severe test for the Wehrmacht, exacting great sacrifices. To conquer the raging elements of nature was the more difficult because their fury and effect were not fully recognized by the Germans, who were neither trained nor equipped to withstand them. The German command had been under the impression that the Red Army could be destroyed west of the Dnieper, and that there would be no need for conducting operations in cold, snow, and mud. This study was prepared by a committee of former German generals and general staff officers under the supervision of the Historical Division, EUCOM. The material, based on the personal experiences of the principal author and his associates, was written largely from memory, with some assistance from diaries, earlier studies, and documents. All the German officers involved had extensive experience on the Eastern Front during the period 1941-45. The principal author, for example, commanded in succession a panzer division, a panzer army, and an army group.

This manual provides guidance for planning and executing training on the 5.56-mm M16A1 and M16A2 rifles to include the conduct of basic rifle marksmanship and advanced rifle marksmanship. It is a guide for commanders, leaders, and instructors to develop training programs, plans and lessons that meet the objectives/intent of the United States Army rifle marksmanship program. This manual is organized to lead the trainer through the material needed to conduct training. Preliminary subjects include discussions on mechanical training, the weapons' capabilities, and the principles and fundamentals of marksmanship. Live-fire applications are scheduled after the soldier has demonstrated preliminary skills. The procedures and methods used in the Army rifle marksmanship program are based on the concept that soldiers must be skilled marksmen who can effectively apply their firing skills in combat.

Presents an approach to combat that emphasizes constant adaptation and learning, importance of decentralized decision making, the need to understand local politics and customs, and the role of intelligence in winning the support of the population. This manual emphasizes the paradoxical and counterintuitive nature of counterinsurgency operations.