Waleed Ziad examines the development of Sufi-led Muslim revivalist networks. From the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufis inspired reformist movements and articulated responses to the fracturing of Muslim political power. They fostered a "hidden caliphate" that sustained cohesion from Afghanistan to Siberia and China.
A Report of the WORDE Initiative "Understanding the Socio-political Dynamics of Pakistan"
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