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Excavation of the Roman colony of Pollentia began in 1957. The initial effort was limited to the property Sa Portella immediately south of the city of Alcudia, Mallorca, where three atrium-style houses were uncovered. After 1963 attention turned to the search for and excavation of the Forum of Pollentia. Annual campaigns during the summer months in the area of the Forum were initiated in 1980 on the property Ca'n Reinés and continue to this day. A brief preliminary report on the excavations appeared in 1987, but a full account has never been published, and sadly much of the record has been lost over time. The purpose of this monograph is to give a brief history of early investigations on the site, to summarize the Sa Portella excavations, the reports on which are now out of print, and to present an account in English of the discoveries in the Forum area of the city.

This monograph represents a new step in Australian archaeology. It presents a detailed quantitative, technological analysis of flaked stone artefacts, of a kind not published previously in Australia. The detailed nature of the analysis reflects the measurement of a large number of variables on each specimen, as well as the use of those measurements in an extended study of the archaeological patterns. The detail of these analyses can be judged by the fact that the monograph deals with only one archaeological assemblage: the stone artefacts from Capertee 3, a site excavated in the Blue Mountains immediately west of Sydney. This volume develops and tests models of artefact variation and production to an extent not seen before in Australia. More importantly,the analysis of data involves the statistical interrogation of quantitative measurements and is designed to reveal the magnitude and direction of morphological variation within the assemblage. The technological approach adopted allows for the first time in Australian archaeology an evaluation of the nature of changes in the manufacture of retouched flakes in a sequence spanning the entire Holocene. This evaluation enhances current understanding of cultural change in Holocene eastern Australia by allowing the testing of a number of propositions about the rate and uniformity of change in archaeological assemblages. In particular these analyses initiate a review of models of the Eastern Regional Sequence by creating a record of the stoneworking processes in one of the key archaeological sites that define the purported Eastern Regional Sequence.

Dedicated to Hal Ball, this volume contains twelve chapters dealing with specially selected aspects of each contributor's current research in the ancient past of the Maya, Mesoamerica, or Central American peoples. It is a compilation of individual studies that reflects the present state of knowledge on a considerable range of subjects.

Colloque international: Données récentes sur les modalités de peuplement et sur le cadre chronostratigraphique, géologique et paléogéographique des industries du Paléolithique ancien et moyen en Europe.Rennes, 22-25 septembre 2003.

In this original work, the author aims to develop a synthetic perspective for enhancing the understanding of the roles death and life-giving waters have in the constitution of society and cosmos in karmic traditions through a material culture study of death and funeral practices as cultural, ritual, and religious processes in parts of Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and the Indus Valley.

Elephantine Island is the largest of the Aswan area islands, and is one of the most ancient sites in Egypt. The sealing material of the town of Elephantine was uncovered and collected by the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Cairo (DAI-German Institute) in the years 1972-1991 in 15 archaeological missions. With its more than 1600 objects, it is one of the most important and biggest corpora of its kind that has ever been found in an urban context from the Early Dynastic (Middle/Late Second Dynasty) and from the very beginning of the Old Kingdom (Third Dynasty). Study of the material has led not only to the establishment of a very differentiated typology, but also assisted with the determination of the characteristics of different sealing methods and traces of the materials found on the backs of the seals. The insights given to the trade and storage of goods in the town of Elephantine are considerable.

On the northwestern Plains of North America, most archaeologists have indicated that the movement of bison, whether seasonal or otherwise, influenced the movements of the Native people. Most researchers have argued that bison spent the summer on the plains but, as cooler weather approached, they sheltered themselves in the parkland, river valleys, and wooded uplands. The movement of Native people was expected to parallel that of the bison. Yet, some researchers persist in their convictions that bison were erratic and unpredictable in their movements. Still other researchers have argued that large-scale movements did not occur and bison were numerous on the plains throughout the year. Thus, Native people could only procure bison based on an 'encounter strategy' or by remaining in close proximity to a given herd or a 'herd following strategy'. In contrast, the first model suggests that bison migrated in relatively predictable patterns and, thus, could be procured using an 'intercept strategy'. To address the lack of consensus concerning bison movements and their effect of human movements this work evaluates models of bison movements by way of: 1) a review of modern understandings of bison ethology, 2) a review of historical literature, ethnographic data, and oral tradition regarding bison, and 3) the implementation of a technique (i.e., dental cementum increment analysis) used in the seasonal evaluation of modern and archaeological bison dentition.

This book is principally about landscape archaeology, and how people experience the world around them. The authors of these highly original and varied 19 chapters/papers use the term landscape in its broadest possible sense to describe the entire material, spiritual and emotional world of people in the past. Thus, human artefacts such as tools or pottery vessels are as much part of landscapes as 'natural' features such as rocks and mountains, rivers and lakes. Buildings, towns and cities, trackways and roads, animals and plants - all of these form part of the human experience of landscapes, as do memories, myths, and stories. In fact, trying to define landscape archaeology can often prove as elusive as attempting definitions of landscape itself. Many archaeologists have argued for a much closer integration of artefactual, contextual and visual information within the text, and for ways of writing that transcend the limitations of conventional reports; the authors have therefore produced a different kind of archaeology book. Some of these papers are highly interpretative, but are based on solid, well-recorded empirical fieldwork carried out by the authors or others. Some papers are more experimental explorations of how landscapes are inhabited and viewed. Throughout the volume however, the contributors combine innovative ways of writing about the past with much greater and more integrated use of photographs and drawings. These images have a dynamic relationship with the text, and are themselves powerful statements of meaning, part of a dynamic dialogue. They do not merely supplement or complement the text, but are integral to our explorations of inhabitation and identity, space and place. Some images are meant to be challenging, or even unsettling, but we also hope that they will make the reading of this book a richer and more sensual experience as a result.

This study investigates the nation and nationalism, national ideology, and national identity in Ireland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The study aims to explore whether such terms as "nation "or "nationalism " may be applied to medieval Ireland. While many historians and sociologists argue that the nation may exist only in the modern world with the advent of the nation-state, others have shown that, at least, ethnic groups which appear to be nations existed in medieval Europe, possibly in antiquity. In Ireland, historiographical issues related to the creation of the modern Irish state in the early twentieth century have always guided the study of the nation and nationalism. The central questions addressed include whether there are observable manifestations of a nation, national identity, and ethnically-based ideology in Gaelic Ireland in the years 1200-1400, and the extent to which those manifestations may accurately be described in national terms. In this study, the nation shall be defined as a population sharing an ethnic history, tradition, language, and/or religion, and this population's connection with a particular, definable geographic region. In addition, this identity will be shown as often conflicting with the self-ascribed identity of another population sharing the same or neighboring geographic space. Hence, examples of a nation found in medieval Ireland will embody the double characteristics of being a means of self-identity for the Irish and of self-distinction from the Anglo-Normans.

This volume grew out of a symposium held at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in Philadelphia in 2000 entitled Anatomy of a Medieval Islamic City.

For the history of Nabataean Aila, the importance of antiquities cannot be underestimated: the pottery recovered from the excavations of the Roman Aqaba Project (RAP) has provided much more information about the society and economy of the site than the writings of the ancient authors. The port of Aila is located at the northern head of the Gulf of Aqaba, on the Jordanian side of the modern Israeli/Jordanian border. From the mid-1st century BC through the early-2nd century AD, Aila was an important Nabataean entrepôt serving a variety of commercial and economic functions. In this volume the author focuses on the ceramic assemblage from the RAP excavations in an attempt to better understand the socio-economic conditions at the site during this period, as seen through its pottery. Subsequent investigation of this material, combined with a thorough examination of excavation reports and a detailed comparative analysis of ceramic assemblages scattered throughout Jordan and Israel, was carried out by the author and the results of this research have brought to light a great deal of new information regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila. The study examines the historical sources and archaeological evidence regarding Aila during the Nabataean period. Analysis of these sources provides important clues as to the rôle of Aila during the height of the Nabataean kingdom and shortly thereafter: this information both confirms and supplements the ancient authors and offers new insights into Aila's socio-economic history of Aila. Also included is a detailed analysis of the Nabataean and Early Roman pottery uncovered by the excavations. A discussion of the various wares and vessel types offers insights into the local pottery industry attests to the thriving trading activities of the ancient polis, amply demonstrated by the numerous imports recovered. The final chapter offers some preliminary conclusions regarding the society and economy of Nabataean Aila, including its strategic location as a nexus of trade, the goods and other possible commodities that the site may have produced and exported, and its role as a regional oasis that supplied its rural hinterland with a variety of products. Taken together, information provided by the present study sheds much light on the socio-economic history of Nabataean Aila. (Includes as an Appendix a catalogue of 44 selected examples of early Roman and Nabataean ware.)

These 50 papers form the fifth in the series of thematic Deia (Majorca) International conferences of Prehistory, dedicated to bringing Balearic Prehistoric investigation and research out of insular and regional contexts and into the mainstream of Continental European prehistory. The thematic nature of these volumes has ranged from early settlement in this sector of the western Mediterranean (1st Deia Conference) to questions regarding the definition and understanding of the Bell Beaker Culture in the Western Mediterranean (2nd Deia-Oxford Conference), to the question and problems of archaeological techniques, technology, and theory in prehistory (3rd Deia Conference) and the subject of ritual, rites and religion in prehistory (4th Deia Conference). This volume represents the 5th Deia Conference, with its theme of status and state of world islands in prehistory. Although primarily concerned with the prehistoric Mediterranean as a whole, the 50 papers include references to wider contexts, Fiji, Easter Island, and Denmark.

This study takes as its subject a striking image found in fifteenth-century churches, paintings whose purpose is to warn the faithful of the consequences of working on Sundays. This detailed study of pictures of Christ, surrounded and wounded by the tools of everyday trades used on holy days, offers an in-depth exploration of a theologically complex subject. It illuminates many aspects of the functioning of late medieval devotion and the active role imagery could play in the formation and practice of devotional morality and communal identity. The medium of wall painting receives overdue attention as an arena of medieval artistic production and is shown to be the site of pictorial innovation and parochial expression.

Este libro recoge información actualizada sobre los yacimientos arqueológicos que tienen una fase de documentada ibérica en el SE de la península ibérica. Obtenemos de esta manera una visión global de la ocupación entre los siglos V-III a.n.e. que nos ayudará a contextualizar los nuevos descubrimientos. Para cada yacimiento estudiado se han recopilado todos los estudios publicados y también los contextos (sepulturas) y materiales arqueológicos (cerámicas de barniz negro, fíbulas o monedas) que pueden establecer un hito cronológico. De esta manera podremos acercarnos a los momentos de ocupación de cada sitio en el período ibérico clásico. El estudio se completa con un análisis de las cuencas de visibilidad y las áreas de captación de recursos en el entorno de los asentamientos más importantes. Combinando esta información sobre un estudio de capacidad agrícola del suelo y los hallazgos de minerales en superficie podremos acercarnos a la explotación del territorio por parte de los íberos.This book offers up-to-date information on settlements that show evidence of Iron Age (Iberian) occupation in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. This information makes possible an overall perspective on the Iberians between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC, which will be very useful for putting new discoveries in context. The author has compiled all available studies on each individual settlement. He has also gathered information on all the contexts (e.g. graves) and archaeological items (e.g. black-glazed pottery, fibulae and coins) that can provide chronological data, in this way establishing the nature of the occupation in each settlement. The study concludes with viewshed and site catchment area analyses of the most relevant settlements. The author also determines the agricultural capability of soils and collects the mineral evidence, to recover information on the use of the environment by the Iberians.

This book presents an analysis of medieval pottery remains found during archaeological excavations carried out at a series of sites within the Spanish city of León and in its immediate surroundings. For all of the pottery collections the various pots were inventoried using a series of variables, such as the raw materials from which they were made, the type of firing process used in their production, and their morphology and finish. These data, together with a visual analysis, were systematically compiled into a database, which enabled a subsequent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study also includes the results of an archaeometric analysis of various pottery fragments carried out at the Archaeometric Unit at the University of Santiago de Compostela.

Edited by Rodrigo de Balbín Behrmann, Primitiva Bueno Ramirez, Rafael González Antón and Carmen del Arco Aguilar.A collection of papers on the rock carvings of the European and African Atlantic façade.

In this work the author gathers published (and unpublished) evidence relating to early Imperial Roman terra sigillata on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar (both the Baetican and Tingitanan coasts), including an extensive appendix of stamps. Previous studies in this field are limited and therefore this new research will be valuable to a wide range of scholars. Contains twenty appendices of potters' stamps.

Written by Travis W. Stanton, David A. Freidel, Charles K. Suhler, Traci Ardren, James N. Ambrosino, Justine M. Shaw, and Sharon BennettThis volume represents the final report of the Selz Foundation Yaxuná Archaeological Project at the Precolumbian Maya center of Yaxuná, Yucatán, Mexico from 1986 to 1996. This volume contains summaries of all survey data, excavations, artifact analyses, and current interpretations.

Volume 20, Session WS22This book includes papers from the session 'Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Evolutionary Archaeology' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

El inicio de las explotaciones oleícolas Peninsulares (siglos IV-II a.C.)

In 1957, preliminary investigations revealed a major Late Neolithic settlement mound, which also happened to be the northernmost tell settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain. Although the trial was limited to a small trench, the several meters thick deposits yielded exciting finds and several richly furnished burials. The brief preliminary report and the various references to the excavation made it quite obvious that the tell was one of the key sites of the Hungarian Neolithic and thus the full publication of the tell and its finds was, quite understandably, eagerly awaited by prehistorians. The site's investigation was resumed in 1989 as part of the excavations preceding the construction of the M3 motorway. The excavator directed the large-scale excavation of the tell and its enclosure of five ditches, and of the extensive horizontal settlement beside it. This excavation was preceded by various geophysical surveys and palaeoenvironmental sampling in order to reconstruct the settlement's one-time environment and to determine the exact date of its occupation. However, until the results of the new excavation are published in detail, this monograph will be the single available study on the Polgár-Csõszhalom site, the eponymous site of a Late Neolithic culture.English translation by Magdalena Seleanu

A detailed study of the important silver hoard from Hildesheim, Germany.

The effect of ploughing on stratigraphy and on artefacts spread over the surface is explored in this much-needed book. Agricultural engineering literature and the analysis of three experimental datasets have been used to produce a computer simulation of the effect of ploughing on the distribution of portable objects (not on architectural remains). How much of the original patterning on archaeological sites has been destroyed, and how much survives? Can tillage-induced changes in surface patterns be 'cancelled out' by identifying their effects? This closely argued book suggests answers.

In Roman and Byzantine times, pilgrims, Roman soldiers and merchants landed on the west coast and headed to Jerusalem. From 1983 to 1989 the most likely routes were surveyedby land and from the air, and a gazetteer of sites and milestones was created.

The second volume presenting the results of researches at Gabati in central Sudan is concerned with the physical anthropology. The book consists of two parts. Part I details the analysis of the skeletons excavated at Gabati and summarises their general health and lifestyle. An in-depth social interpretation is not the intention of this analysis, but rather it forms an anthropological foundation to invite further research. Chapters 2-6 present the methods and results of inventory, demography and palaeopathology. Chapter 7 synthesises these results to impart an impression of life and health experienced at Gabati during the Meroitic, post-Meroitic and medieval periods. Chapter 8 situates the site and funerary program within the broader context of Nubian archaeology. Part II presents the skeletal catalogue of osteobiographical information for each individual and lists the unassociated skeletal remains, if any, for each tomb. The appendices include preservation tables, individual data tables, descriptive statistics for metrical data, frequency tables for non-metric traits and finally the plates.

This research addresses the issue of variability within the Middle Dorset (2000-1100 B.P.) culture on the island of Newfoundland and on the island of Saint-Pierre in the French Archipelago of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Practice theory provides the conceptual framework to interpret variability and it is argued that the variability expressed in the Middle Dorset material record reflects the existence of distinct regional traditions. The comparative study of specific aspects of the lithic technology at eight Middle Dorset sites identified a strong process of regional specialization in the technological practices of these Palaeoeskimo people. Raw material use-patterns indicate a strong reliance on regionally available raw materials. Stylistic analysis also identifies discrete stylistic trends. Endblades take an emblematic role as most sites produced distinct and recognizable endblade types. With a few exceptions, the data reveal a high degree of technological homogeneity within individual sites and scarce evidence of contact between sites. At a larger scale, the evidence also indicates faint contact between Newfoundland/Saint-Pierre and Labrador Middle Dorset groups. In this research, the author suggests that the distinct regional technological practices reflect traditions of discrete territorially-defined social groups, much like the historical -muit groups in the Arctic. The picture proposed for the Newfoundland/Saint-Pierre region is one of a number of contemporaneous Middle Dorset groups, each living in discrete territories with their own technological traditions and specific developmental histories.

This book, unlike most studies dealing with the Crusaders' voyages by sea across the Mediterranean and their arrival at the shores of the Levant, looks at this feat from a seaman's point of view. To this end, it examines the types of ships, the sails and rigging that were used at the time, drawing on the author's personal experience and knowledge of the wind regime of the region. It also tackles the problems of transporting cargo, humans and horses, and the management of large fleets and their navigational difficulties. The book also deals with the question of landing on the flat coast of Palestine. It looks into the connection between seaside Crusader castles and the sea at their foot, taking as a case study the mooring basin below the Apollonia-Arsuf castle. This examination includes under-water digging and sub-bottom profiling using special equipment, and reveals interesting finds which call for further research.

Black Horse Farm is situated on the Cambridgeshire fen-edge. During the Iron Age and early Romano-British period it occupied a low promontory reaching out into the surrounding wetland. This volume describes the archaeological excavation of the site and the Iron Age settlement and Romano-British activity that was recorded there. The wetland of the fen would have been a prominent part of everyday life at Black Horse Farm and the book examines the way in which the site's inhabitants utilised and exploited it. Fluctuations between dry and damp conditions were also a prominent aspect of life at this marginal location and the later sections examine how the population responded to these conditions. The book examines themes including the organisation of space within the roundhouse, the role of ditches and banks as flood defences versus their social and defensive function, and offers alternative interpretations for some commonly observed features at contemporary sites.With contributions by Beta Analytic Inc., Jane Cowgill, Nina Crummy, Julia E. Cussans, Val Fryer, Andrew Peachey, Ruth Pelling, Carina Phillips, Rob Scaife and Maisie TaylorIllustrations by Kathren Henry, Charlotte Davies and Caroline George

Papers presented at the Twelfth Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology held in Cambridge, September 2010. Contents: Introduction (Mitchell and Buckberry); 1) Human Evolution after the Origin of our Species: Bridging the gap between Palaeoanthropology and Bioarchaeology (Stock); 2) Sexual Dimorphism in Adult Skeletal Remains at Ban Non Wat, Thailand, during the Intensification of Agriculture in Early Prehistoric Southeast Asia (Clark, Tayles and Halcrow); 3) The Bioarchaeology of Agriculture in the Southern Levant: A Comparative Study of Epipaleolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Bronze Age Agriculturalists (Gasperetti); 4) Where Have we Been, Where Are we Now, and What Does the Future Hold? Palaeopathology in the UK over the Last 30 Years, with a Few Bees in my Bonnet (Roberts); 5) The Paleoparasitology of 17th-18th Century Spitalfields in London (Anastasiou, Mitchell and Jeffries); 6) Integrated Strategies for the use of Lipid Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Ancient Mycobacterial Disease (Lee, Bull, Molnar, Marcsick, Palfi, Donoghue, Besra and Minnikin); 7) A Comparative Study of Markers of Occupational Stress in Coastal Fishers and Inland Agriculturalists from Northern Chile (Ponce); 8) The Human Remains from the Medieval Islamic Cemetery of Can Fonoll, Ibiza, Spain: Preliminary Results (Kyriakou, Marquez-Grant, Langstaff, Samuels, Pacelli, Castro, Roig and Kranioti); 9) A New Known Age and Sex Collection at the Natural History Museum, London (Delbarre, Clegg, Kruszynski and Bonney); 10) Implementation of Preliminary Digital Radiographic Examination in the Confines of the Crypt of St Bride's Church, Fleet Street, London (Bekvalac); 11) A Revised Method for Assessing Tooth Wear in the Deciduous Dentition (Clement and Freyne); 12) A Study of Interobserver Variation in Cranial Measurements and the Resulting Consequences when Analysed using CranID (Slater and Smith); 13) Early Bronze Age Busta in Cambridgeshire? On-Site Experiments to Investigate the Effects of Fires and Pyres on Pits (Dodwell); 14) Archaeological Insights into the Disarticulation Pattern of a Human Body in a Sitting/Squatting Position (Gerdau Radonic); 15) Mortuary Practices at Aztalan: A Reappraisal of an Elite Burial at a Middle Mississippian Site in the Western Great Lakes Region of the Midwestern United States (Sullivan and Rodell); 16) Stature of Burials Interred with Weapons in Early Medieval England (Mays); The Uses of Field Anthropology on the Excavation of the St-Rumbold Cemetery, Mechelen, Belgium (Van de Vijver ).