Böcker utgivna av Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,U.S.

This monograph, written by experts in the field, is devoted to the molecular analysis of addiction pathways in the brain. It provides an intensive overview of the fundamentals, state?of?the?art advances, and major gaps in the cell and molecular biology of drug addiction within the broader context of neuroscience. Addiction research is a branch of neuroscience and psychology. The emphasis in this book is on hard science and the market for it will be found among research investigators and grad students within the field of neuroscience. The research presented is not only applicable to the study of drug abuse and addiction, but has clear implications for clarifying mechanisms of learning and memory, neuroadaptation, perception, volitional behavior, motivation, reward, and other disciplines of neuroscience.

Twenty-four true, wide-ranging tales of crime, history, human behavior, illness, and ethics, told from the personal perspective of the author, an eminent physician-lawyer who uses the stories to illustrate the principles of human genetics and to discuss the broader issues.

Cell culture systems for specific neural cell types are essential for studies of their development and function. This laboratory manual provides step-by-step protocols for isolating specific cell populations from rodent tissues and culturing them under conditions that closely resemble those in vivo. The contributors describe in detail how to dissect the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues; how to separate cells using mechanical and enzymatic tissue-dissociation strategies; the use of immunopanning and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to enrich the target cell population; and the culture conditions that optimize cell viability and growth. Retinal ganglion cells, motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells are covered, as are vascular cells such as pericytes and endothelial cells. Myelinating co-cultures of neurons and oligodendrocytes are also described. The manual includes detailed recipes for media and reagents, tips for avoiding common pitfalls, and advice for designing new immunopanning protocols using tissues from other sources. Many of the protocols are accompanied by freely accessible online movies that demonstrate critical steps of the procedures. This is an essential laboratory companion for all neurobiologists, from the graduate student level upwards.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell-surface receptors that respond to numerous hormones and growth factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth factor, and nerve growth factor. They activate highly conserved intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, playing essential roles in developing and adult animals. This book examines the nature of these receptors and their ligands, the molecular mechanisms that they regulate within cells, and the roles of the receptors in normal physiology and control of embryogenesis. It also discusses how dysfunction of these mechanisms can contribute to cancer and other diseases.

The majority of PhDs trained in biomedical sciences do not remain in academia. They are now presented with a broad variety of career options, including science journalism, publishing, science policy, patent law, and many more. This book examines the numerous different careers that scientists leaving the bench can pursue, from the perspectives of individuals who have successfully made the transition. In each case, the book sets out what the job involves and describes the qualifications and skills sets required.

The transplantation of organs such as the heart, kidney, and lungs is an important means of replacing seriously damaged or diseased body parts. However, a transplanted organ may fail if the recipient's immune system mounts a response to it. Transplant patients are usually prescribed a life-long course of immunosuppressive medication, but these drugs can have adverse effects, including increased risk of infection and cancer. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine provides a current and comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms behind graft rejection and how they may be overcome. Contributors discuss immunosuppressive drug therapies and tolerance induction strategies, including the use of regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and lymphodepletion. They describe how mouse and non-human primate models have been used to gain insight into the immunobiology of transplantation and to test therapeutic approaches. Clinical considerations, such as donor selection, organ preservation, surgery, and post-operative care, are also covered. This volume includes discussion of the emerging field of regenerative medicine and the bioethical issues surrounding organ transplantation, and provides historical background to the field. It is an essential reference for immunologists, pharmacologists, clinicians, and all who are working to improve this remarkable medical procedure.

Bacterial pathogens cause numerous human diseases. This collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine surveys the spectrum of bacterial pathogens from Salmonella and Shigella to Heliobacter pylori. It examines the basic biology of these parasites, their virulence mechanisms and the host's response to infection. The effectiveness of antibiotics and vaccine strategies are also covered, along with the novel antimicrobial therapies that are being developed.

During endocytosis, extracellular molecules and plasma membrane components are selectively internalized by cells. This fundamental process of "cellular ingestion" is required for diverse activities such as nutrient uptake, cell adhesion and migration, signal transduction, cytokinesis, neurotransmission, and antigen presentation. Pathogens (e.g., HIV) exploit endocytic pathways to gain entry into cells, and defects in the endocytic machinery can lead to diseases such as cancer. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all of the major pathways of endocytosis and post-endocytic trafficking, and how they regulate cellular and organismal physiology. Contributors describe how cargo enters the cell via clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent pathways, including caveolar endocytosis, micropinocytosis, cholesterol-sensitive endocytosis, phagocytosis, and the CLIC/GEEC pathway. They review the numerous machineries (e.g., Rab GTPases, tethering factors, and retromer) that transport cargo through endosomes and deliver it to lysosomes or recycle it back to the cell surface, and the signals and mechanisms governing these sorting decisions. Topics such as lysosomal dynamics, the biophysical challenges of bending membranes, and the evolution of endocytic systems are also covered. This volume also includes substantial discussion of the roles of endocytic trafficking in organismal development, physiology, and disease. It is thus an indispensable reference for cell biologists, but also neuroscientists, immunologists, developmental biologists, microbiologists, and others concerned with the physiological and therapeutic implications of this key cellular process.

Cell death plays a critical role in development, normal physiology and many diseases, including cancer. Research in this area is rapidly advancing and involves a variety of specific techniques. This manual provides a step-by-step guide to these techniques, along with background information informing researchers when they should be used.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. It also manufactures lipids and interacts extensively with other organelles, playing essential roles in cell growth and homeostasis. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of ER morphology and function, as well as its interactions with the nucleus, Golgi, and mitochondria. Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. They also review quality-control mechanisms that are employed by the ER to detect and eliminate misfolded or unassembled proteins. Lipid synthesis and transport are also discussed. This volume covers not only the biochemistry and cell biology of the ER, but also ER stress, metabolism, and the role of the ER in viral replication. Thus, it is an essential reference for cell biologists, physiologists, and pathologists interested in understanding the numerous functions of the ER.

In the 1920s, the groundwork was laid for a uniquely Russian approach to medical genetics and (the foundation of) the world's leading center for the study of human genetics and susceptibility to disease. The immense success of the movement, which is little known even to Russians, is brought to life in V.V. Babkov's The Dawn of Human Genetics, as is its dramatic and violent end, which resulted in the purge of many of the country's finest biologists and a major setback to the development of science internationally.

NF-kB is a critical signaling molecule in the immune system that regulates cell survival and cell death, lymphocyte responses, and inflammation. Acting as a transcription factor that can receive several inputs, it coordinates distinct gene expression programs in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology includes contributions covering the structure of NF-kB, its DNA-binding activity and specificity, the role of the inhibitor I-kB, and canonical and alternative mechanisms of NF-kB activation. The contributors examine the physiological role of NF-kB in immune cells, as well as its functions in other tissues, such as the nervous system. They also discuss work indicating that NF-kB represents a critical link between inflammation and cancer. Including clinical perspectives on the use of NF-kB inhibitors in cancer therapy and a historical introduction by David Baltimore, in whose lab NF-kB was discovered, this volume is a vital reference for cell and molecular biologists, immunologists, and pathologists interested in regulation of cell function.

Parkinson's Disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons that leads to slowness of movement, muscle rigidity, and tremors. Insoluble aggregates of proteins such as alpha-synuclein accumulate in the affected neurons, which also appear to be subject to oxidative stress. This collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine discusses recent work that has begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlie the condition, including studies that implicate dysfunction of mitochondrial proteins such as parkin and pink1.

Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is caused by destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas by the body's immune system. It affects hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide, requiring regular insulin injections to control blood glucose levels and avoid severe consequences of

The behavior of lymphocytes in the immune system depends on encounters with antigens. These bind to immunoreceptors on the surface of T-cells and B-cells, activating a variety of signal transduction pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Written and edited by experts in the field, this volume is essential reading for systems biologists as well as all immunologists and cell biologists interested in understanding how lymphocytes function.

Many human diseases--including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease--show complex inheritance that requires sophisticated analysis. Genetics of Complex Human Diseases: A Laboratory Manual brings together the tools that geneticists use to find disease genes with the genetic concepts and statistical theories that underpin these research approaches. Topics covered include basic genetics and Mendelian inheritance, statistical methods, genetic epidemiology, linkage studies, transmission disequilibrium test analysis, variance components analysis, genome-wide association studies, copy-number variation, methods for high-throughput genotyping, the complexity of RNA editing, and genetic computer programs. The book's chapters, written by leading investigators in the field, blend practical information and reviews of each topic, providing both the how and the why of complex disease analysis. Genetics of Complex Human Diseases is an important guide for anyone with an interest in human genetics or who uses genetic techniques in the study of diseases with complex inheritance.

Signaling by diffusible morphogens, such as Hedgehog, Wingless, TGF-, and various growth factors, is vital for developmental patterning, ensuring that distinct differentiated cell types appear in the right place and at the right time in forming tissues. The expert contributors to this volume discuss the roles of morphogen gradients in organisms from yeast to humans. They examine the regulation of morphogen synthesis, trafficking, and diffusion, as well as the complex webs of signaling mechanisms and transcriptional responses in recipient cells. The book is a vital reference for developmental biologists and cell biologists wishing to know how cell fate is determined during embryogenesis.

Comprised of review articles reprinted from the tenth anniversary issue of the journal "Genome Research" that capture the status of genetic research in a collection of model species, this volume serves as a valuable reference and teaching tool for established scientists in the genomics field and as a comprehensive overview for those with more general interests in biology.

This is the story of the sequencing of the fly genome as told by one of the participants, Michael Ashburner. Written in a diary-like form, half the story is told in numerous footnotes. Ashburner has written a delightful, candid, irreverent, on-the-scene tale filled with eccentric personalities all focused on a single goal. The book also contains an Epilogue that puts Drosophila as a model system in historical context, and an Afterword that discusses the impact the genome sequence has had on the study of Drosophila. Also included are portraits by Lewis Miller of some of the principal characters.