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This book sets out to encourage a debate about the role that economic theory and philosophy of economics can play. A good part of economics consists of theoretical developments which describe completely imaginary worlds and have no connections to actual market economies. If the purpose of theoretical and philosophical analysis in economics is to make a contribution to find out how modern market economies work and which kind of theoretical practice will be useful for the implementation of successful economic policies, a shift both in philosophy of economics and economics itself is needed. Exposing the ungrounded pretensions of the mainstream philosophy of economics, Marqués' carefully argued book is a major contribution to the ongoing debate on contemporary mainstream economics and its methodological and philosophical underpinnings. Even those who disagree with his conclusions will benefit from his thorough and deep critique of the modeling strategies used in modern economics. Lars Pålsson Syll, Malmö University, Sweden Is 'mainstream philosophy of economics' only about models and imaginary worlds created to represent economic theories? Marqués questions this epistemic focus and calls for the ontological examination of real world economic processes. This book is a serious challenge to standard thinking and an alternative program for a pluralist philosophy of economics.John Davis, Marquette University, USA and University of Amsterdam In recent decades economists have focused heavily on the development and use of models. In this scholarly but accessible book Marqués clearly describes the limitations of this approach and suggests alternative directions. It is a valuable addition to the armoury of anyone concerned about the nature of mainstream economics. Stuart Birks, Massey University, New Zealand In this book Gustavo Marqués, one of our discipline's most dexterous and acute minds, calmly investigates in depth economics' most persistent methodological enigmas. Chapter Three alone is sufficient reason for owning this book. Edward Fullbrook, University of the West of England

This book is a collection of Steve Keen's influential papers published over the last fifteenyears. The topics covered include methodology, microeconomics, and the monetary approachto macroeconomics that Keen - along with many other non-mainstream economists - hasbeen developing."Economics still awaits its Darwin. Keynes came close, but not close enough. Keen comes closerstill and this collection of his papers shows how. Developing an economics for the post-crisisworld focuses simultaneously on the recent global crisis and the underlying structures ofcontemporary economies.Edward Fullbrook, Editor of Real-World Economics Review

This book introduces 40 critical pointers for those who wish to see the theory in a broader, more realistic context. The material is suitable for introductory and intermediate courses and can be included selectively by students for additional reading or in lectures or tutorials as discussion points."Students of mainstream economics need a guide like this to help them understand the underlying assumptions, limitations and inbuilt biases of what they are studying. It helps them open their eyes to a broader view of how real economies work."Emeritus Professor Frank Stilwell, University of Sydney"...different approaches are required to move from Neo-classical Theory's artificial world of economics to Real Life Economics, the invitational style that Birks has used is likely to be one of the most productive ones. He enters into the students' comfort zone and takes them along pointing out the limitations of what is familiar and its inadequacies to deal seriously with policy issues."C T Kurien"This book... critiques the traditional market-focused world of economics in a systematic fashion, with copious well-chosen examples from everyday life to underscore the anomalies and weaknesses involved in the understanding of problems and seeking their solutions. ...it would be a 'good read', not just to the existing or aspiring economist, but also to those who are not particularly concerned about the state of affairs in the discipline of economics. It is refreshingly enlightening."Emeritus Professor Srikanta Chatterjee"The real benefit of the text is that it is critical about the underlying assumptions that we implicitly hide behind when we create our models. The more honest and critical we are when we teach our students then the more effective economic policy will be in the future, which surely we, as a discipline, should be striving towards. I'd recommend this book to those who don't realise the severity of the assumptions that they hide behind, to students who can use these ideas to engage in debate with each other and with their lecturers, and to honest and critical lecturers who can refer to it simply to remind themselves why they already do it the honest way. It should be mandatory for all economics departments to have at least one copy."Professor Don Webber

Les philosophes ont souvent traité de la fiction comme d'un problème collatéral, dont l'intérêt est limité à la logique et la philosophie du langage. Ce livre affirme en revanche que la fiction joue un rôle central en métaphysique. En développant une théorie « artefactuelle » de la fiction il aboutit ainsi à l'esquisse d'un nouveau système de catégories, « multidimensionnel ». L'on comprend ainsi que les personnages fictionnels sont des artefacts abstraits, des entités tout aussi ordinaires que les lois, les symphonies ou les ¿uvres littéraires : des entités dont l'existence dépend, d'un côté, des actes intentionnels humains (les actes créateurs d'au moins un auteur et les compétences linguistiques et culturelles d'une communauté de lecteurs) et, de l'autre, de l'existence de certaines entités spatio-temporels (des livres, des enregistrements etc.). Les conséquences métaphysiques d'une telle théorie sont importantes : l'identification d'un ensemble de catégories ontologiques de base, une meilleure compréhension de la différence entre vraie et fausse parcimonie ontologique et la formulation d'une base adéquate pour une ontologique du monde quotidien. Philosophers have often treated fiction as a sideshow issue, whose interest is limited to logic and philosophy of language. By contrast, this book maintains that fiction plays a central role in metaphysics. Through an "artifactual" theory of fiction it leads to the sketch of a new "multidimensional" system of categories. Fictional characters are recognized as abstract artifacts, as ordinary as laws or symphonies or works of literature, i.e. entities whose existence depends on intentional human acts on the one hand (the creative acts of at least one author, and the linguistic and cultural competence of a community of readers) and on the other hand on the existence of some spatiotemporal particulars (such as books, records etc.). The metaphysical consequences of this theory are far reaching: the identification of a set of basic ontological categories, a better understanding of the difference between genuine and false ontological parsimony and the formulation of an adequate basis for an ontology of the everyday world.

The book provides a self-contained introduction to computability theory for advanced undergraduate or early graduate students of mathematics and computer science. The technical material is illustrated with plenty of examples, problems with fully worked solutions as well as a range of proposed exercises.Part I is centered around fundamental computability notions and results, starting with the pillar concepts of computational model (an abstract high-level programming language), computable function, decidable and listable set, proper universal function, decision problem and the reduction technique for transferring decidability and listability properties. The essential results namely Rice's Theorem, Rice-Shapiro's Theorem, Rice-Shapiro-McNaughton-Myhill's Theorem as well as Rogers' Theorem and the Recursion Theorem are presented and illustrated. Many-to-one reducibility and many-to-one degrees are investigated. A short introduction to computation with oracles is also included. Computable as well as non-computable operators are introduced as well as monotonic and finitary operators. The relationship between them is discussed, in particular via Myhill-Shepherdson's Theorem. Kleene's Least Fixed Point Theorem is also presented. Finally, Part I terminates with a briefi ng on the Turing computational model, Turing reducibility and Turing degrees.Part II of the book concentrates on applications of computability in several areas namely in logic (undecidability of arithmetic, satisfiability in propositional logic, decidability in modal logic), Euclidean geometry, graphs and Kolmogorov complexity. Nevertheless no previous knowledge of these subjects is required. The essential details for understanding the applications are provided.

Contemporary argumentation studies continue a tradition founded by Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian and others. Since the end of the Second World War, they have been vigorously taken over and reoriented by different schools of thought, stressing their link to the renovated disciplines of logic, dialectic, rhetoric or grammar. Anscombre, Blair, Ducrot, van Eemeren, Grize, Grootendorst, Hamblin, Johnson, Olbrechts-Tyteca, Perelman, Toulmin, Walton, Woods, and many others, have reconceptualized the field, reconnected it to contemporary scholarship and opened up rigorous and innovative avenues of research. At the turn of the century, argumentation in science education and argumentation about socio-scientific issues emerged as new fields within the larger area of argumentation studies. Within this diverse and challenging context, this comprehensive Dictionary makes a significant contribution to the construction of a common culture and shared vocabulary of argumentation. Argumentation is approached as an all-pervasive linguistic-cognitive activity, and argumentation studies are posited as a multidisciplinary field. This Dictionary of Argumentation defines 301 concepts. The 223 main entries define, comment upon, and illustrate a specific concept or a set of interrelated concepts. The 78 secondary entries refer to the relevant main entry (-ies). The relationships between the entries are marked by a system of cross-references, which strengthen the conceptual coherence of the Dictionary as a whole. This is the first dictionary of its kind to be published in English.

Systems Thinking has great power in solving complex problems that are not solvable using conventional reductionist thinking. It can help to explain non-linear behaviors like market reactions to new product introductions or the spread of disease; to understand complex socioeconomic problems such as the effects of charter schools or legalized gambling; and to understand the seemingly illogical behaviors of individuals and organizations like ISIS.However, there is no step-by-step procedure that has been established to facilitate the use of Systems Thinking in solving real-world problems. We hope that this handbook fills that gap and that the tools and approach provided herein facilitate the use of Systems Thinking in addressing systemic issues of interest to you, whatever they may be.

The biennial DEON conferences are designed to promote interdisciplinary cooperation amongst scholars interested in linking the formal-logical study of normative concepts and normative systems with computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, organisation theory and law.In addition to these general themes, DEON 2016 encouraged a special focus on the topic "Reasons, Argumentation and Justification".

The IfColog Journal of Logics and their Applications covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLoG (www.ifcolog.net). Edition Description

Arguments have often been a topic of interest in the psychology of communication, typically with an emphasis on their persuasive features - an emphasis largely shared by at least one of the classical disciplines in argumentation studies, namely, rhetoric. Nonetheless, contemporary argumentation theory has mostly steered clear of psychological contributions, with only few (albeit notable) exceptions. While there are both historical and theoretical reasons for this lack of interaction, many nowadays seem to think it is past time we bury the hatchet for good, and recent years have witnessed a flourish of cognitive approaches to the study of argument. This volume aims to take stock of these recent developments, as well as paving the way to new promising directions of inquiry. In doing so, it also manages to organize this rich landscape around five main sub-themes: socio-cognitive models of argumentation, issues of rationality (or lack thereof), the study of biases and fallacies, the role of argumentation in persuasion (and vice versa), and how learning and development affect our argumentative attitudes.

Soyons logiques est une invitation à double sens. Bien que la logique désigne couramment une disposition d'esprit partagée par tout un chacun, cette disposition prête à confusion dès lors que l'on s'interroge sur ses sources théoriques. Le présent volume propose treize articles de logique portant sur plusieurs aspects de la discipline logique et de ses méthodes, notamment le formalisme, la théorie des oppositions, la vérité mathématique et l'histoire de la logique. Ce volume a été préparé avec le souci pédagogique de parler au plus grand nombre des lecteurs de logique et de philosophie."Let¿s be Logical" is a double invitation. Although logic often refers to a disposition of mind that we all share, this disposition might be confused once its theoretical sources are questioned. The present volume offers thirteen articles that address various aspects of the discipline of logic and its methods, notably formalism, the theory of opposition, mathematical truth, and history of logic. This volume has been prepared with the pedagogical concern of making it accessible to a wide audience of logic and philosophy readers. This book has contributions that are in both French and English.

Cette analyse vise à concevoir des syst èmes de r évision dans lesquels l''acquisition de connaissances et les aspects interactifs de la signifi cation sont saisis comme un jeu de questions et de r éponses par rapport à un ensemble initial d''hypoth èses exprim é dans le langage-objet. Se situant à l''intersection des approches de la th éorie des types de Per Martin-Löf, de l''approche dialogique et de la th éorie de la r évision des croyances, cette investigation heuristique a pour objectif principal de proposer une analyse dialogique de la r évision des croyances dans le contexte de la th eorie des types de Martin-Löf. Ce processus de r évision s''effectue par un d éploiement progressif de contenus hypoth étiques dans un contexte d''interaction en cr édibilisant l''information que re çoit l''agent. Cette étude donne également la possibilit é d''exprimer avec aisance les aspects interactifs de la signi fication dans les tableaux s émantiques en mettant ainsi en exergue les notions d''actes de langage par la connexion entre dialogues et tableaux dans le contexte de la r évision des croyances.

In the short span of a few essays, this book takes the reader on a trip from the historical roots of the current financial architecture to the imaginable futures one can envision for it, only if there is the political will to change it. If we accept that, as put by the editors, financial markets' marginal imperfections are rather endemic pathologies, the consequences for the financial architecture have Copernican proportions. Every scholar and practitioner interested in the problems posed by the global economy at a critical moment when it has reached what looks like a dead end, will appreciate the refreshing inspiration offered by the authors that a star editing team has put together.Aldo Caliari, Director, Rethinking Bretton Woods Project, Center of Concern. The stagnation that we suffer since 2008 was originated by the global financial crisis of a system that is outside the control of national governments and has a dynamic of its own. In a few chapters, the book offers a historical account and a perspective of what could be a more rational financial system if there were political will to change it. All those interested in this topic will find in the ideas presented by this combination of authors, a deep understanding of the subject and inspiration for future research.Juan Carlos Moreno Brid, UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. He is Professor at the Faculty of Economics, UNAM, Mexico. As the book authors argue, the financial institutional settings were profoundly modified in the 1970s, imposing new instruments, new mechanism, new institutions that revolutionized the world of finance, missing a central characteristic: financial regulations. In this context the book's conclusions are of outmost importance: taxes on financial activity, new ways of financial accounting, sovereign debts regulators as the new central bank supervisions are vital to overcome the present crisis and set the grounds for a new period of economic growth and development. Noemy Levy, Professor at the Faculty of Economics, UNAM, Mexico. Since the last 2008 economic crisis the implementation of a new financial institutionality is taking too much time, showing the current correlation of power. The discussions at multinational level require more action and inputs as those in this book. Congratulations!Katiuska King Mantilla from the Government of Ecuador.