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This book contains short definitions and descriptions followed by examination material for Digital Electronics.

Today, in the present age of digital era, the terms digitalization, emerging technologies, and social media have become a buzzword. Among all the innovations in our history, digital technology has advanced the fastest. With the freedom of digitalization, emerging technologies, and the high internet and computing devices may now work remotely. Every industry, including banking and finance, healthcare, agriculture, logistics, academics, the government sector, and businesses has recognized the need for innovative digital technologies for their social development, boosting efficiency and speed, and cutting costs. Digitalization has also converted non-digital applications into digital ones to make things easier for people, also, social media has had a significant impact on everyone's life and every industry. Consequently, the primary goal of this book is to explain to the readers how newly emerging digital technologies and social media have significantly altered and aided in the growth of every organization in existence today and how the freedom of using these technologies proved to be beneficial, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the entire world. By providing real-world cases from both established and developing nations, particularly India. The book also investigates how digital transformation may help every industry and organization run more quickly and with agility. The readers will learn about the main goal of the digital initiatives that have been launched to make a digitally empowered society worldwide. In this book, the benefits and challenges of digitization, digital tools, and other technologies in diverse fields are also examined.

This reference book provides updated information about different immunomodulators for managing fish health and sustainable aquaculture. Immunomodulators are dietary additives that enhance innate defense mechanisms and increase resistance against specific pathogens and diseases. The book covers the different types of immunostimulants, their modes of action, and their efficacies. It also reviews safety concerns, ethical regulations, limitations, and outreach to farmers. It discusses the application of herbal immunomodulators, antioxidants, pre- and pro-biotics, in disease management.Features: Reviews the pressing topic of reduction of antibiotic use in aquaculture Discusses herbal immunomodulators, nutrients, antioxidants and pre- and pro-biotics Covers the topic of progressive immunomodulation using nanotechnology Discusses fish health management in the ever-growing aquaculture industry Includes natural and synthetic immunomodulators The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in aquaculture, fisheries science, and veterinary medicine.

This book illustrates synthesis, properties, and applications of nanotherapeutics in various health care related issues including treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, targeted drug delivery, Anti-HIV-1 nanotherapeutics, antibacterial/antiviral agents, skin therapy and hyperthermia.

The smart city movement, during the last decade and half, advocated the built environment and digital technology convergence with the backing of institutional capital and government support. The commitment of a significant number of local governments across the globe, in terms of official smart city policies and initiatives, along with the constant push of global technology giants has reinforced popularity of the movement. This two-volume book on smart cities thoroughly explores and sheds light on the prominent elements of the smart city phenomenon and generates a smart city blueprint.The first volume, with its 12 chapters, provides sound understanding on the key foundations and growth directions of smart city frameworks, technologies, and platforms, with theoretical expansions, practical implications, and real-world case study lessons The second companion volume offers sophisticated perspectives on the key foundations and directions of smart city policies, communities, and urban futures, with theoretical expansions, practical implications, and real-world case study lessons. These volumes offer an invaluable reference source for urban policymakers, managers, planners, and practitioners, and many others, particularly to benefit from it when tackling key urban and societal issues and planning for and delivering smart city solutions. Moreover, the book is also a rich and important repository for scholars and research and undergraduate students.

The smart city movement, during the last decade and half, advocated the built environment and digital technology convergence with the backing of institutional capital and government support. The commitment of a significant number of local governments across the globe, in terms of official smart city policies and initiatives, along with the constant push of global technology giants has reinforced popularity of the movement. This two-volume book on smart cities thoroughly explores and sheds light on the prominent elements of the smart city phenomenon and generates a smart city blueprint. This first volume, with its 12 chapters, provides sound understanding on the key foundations and growth directions of smart city frameworks, technologies, and platforms, with theoretical expansions, practical implications, and real-world case study lessons. The second companion volume offers sophisticated perspectives on the key foundations and directions of smart city policies, communities, and urban futures, with theoretical expansions, practical implications, and real-world case study lessons. This book is an invaluable reference source for urban policymakers, managers, planners, and practitioners, and many others, particularly to benefit from it when tackling key urban and societal issues and planning for and delivering smart city solutions. Moreover, the book is also a rich and important repository for scholars and research and undergraduate students as it communicates the complex smart city phenomenon in an easy to digest form, by providing both the big picture view and specifics of each component of that view. Soundbite: A rich and important repository for scholars and research and undergraduate students as it communicates the complex smart city phenomenon in an easy to digest form, by providing both the big picture view and specifics of each component of that view. It also appeals to local government agencies and smart city practitioners.

An Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence provides a gentle introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence (UAI), a theory that provides a formal underpinning of what it means for an agent to act intelligently in a general class of environments. First presented in Universal Artificial Intelligence (Hutter, 2004), UAI presents a model in which most other problems in AI can be presented, and unifies ideas from sequential decision theory, Bayesian inference and information theory to construct AIXI, an optimal reinforcement learning agent that learns to act optimally in unknown environments. AIXI represents a theoretical bound on intelligent behaviour, and so we also discuss tractable approximations of this optimal agent.The book covers important practical approaches including efficient Bayesian updating with context tree weighting, and stochastic planning, approximated by sampling with Monte Carlo tree search. Algorithms are also included for the reader to implement, along with experimental results to compare against. This serves to approximate AIXI, as well as being used in state-of-the-art approaches in AI today. The book ends with a philosophical discussion of AGI covering the following key questions: Should intelligent agents be constructed at all, is it inevitable that they will be constructed, and is it dangerous to do so?This text is suitable for late undergraduates and includes an extensive background chapter to fill in the assumed mathematical background.

Where most introductory texts to the field of digital signal processing assume a degree of technical knowledge, this class-tested textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of digital signal processing in a way that is accessible to all. Beginning from the first principles, readers will learn how signals are acquired, represented, analyzed and transformed by digital computers. Specific attention is given to digital sampling, discrete Fourier analysis and linear filtering in the time and frequency domains. All concepts are introduced practically and theoretically, combining intuitive illustrations, mathematical derivations and software implementations written in the Python programming language. Practical exercises are included at the end of each chapter to test readers' knowledge. Written in a clear and accessible style, this book is particularly aimed at students and general readers interested in audio and digital signal processing but who may not have extensive mathematical or engineering training.

Natural Language Processing in the Real World is a practical guide for applying data science and machine learning to build Natural Language Processing (NLP) solutions. Where traditional, academic-taught NLP is often accompanied by a data source or dataset to aid solution building, this book is situated in the real world where there may not be an existing rich dataset.This book covers the basic concepts behind NLP and text processing and discusses the applications across 15 industry verticals. From data sources and extraction to transformation and modelling, and classic Machine Learning to Deep Learning and Transformers, several popular applications of NLP are discussed and implemented.This book provides a hands-on and holistic guide for anyone looking to build NLP solutions, from students of Computer Science to those involved in large-scale industrial projects.

First published in 1982: This volume is concerned with T cell regulation. Because of the rapid growth of information, a comprehensive review is not possible.

This book discusses smart technologies and their influence in the field of manufacturing and industrial systems engineering, in the context of performability enhancement, and explores the development of the workforce for the execution of such smart and advanced technologies.Smart Technologies for Improved Performance of Manufacturing Systems and Services discusses the integration of smart technology into the production process and supply chain to enhance the overall performance of manufacturing industries. As well as emphasizing the fundamentals of smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cyber-physical systems, it highlights the role that machine learning plays along with other smart technologies. Real-time case studies highlight the applications of smart digital technologies, and research insights into the area of performability and overall sustainable development round out the great range of discussions this reference book has to offer.Managers and stakeholders seeking coverage on techniques and methods for integration into their organizations, as well as students and researchers in the field will find this book very useful.

First published in 1987: The author's objectives were twofold. First to provide a review of current research in both basic and applied areas and second, to provide a review of current research in both basic and applied areas and second to produce a 'how to' book for Striga researchers.

Machine learning has shown tremendous benefits in solving complex network problems and providing situation and parameter prediction. However, heavy resources are required to process and analyze the data, which can be done either offline or using edge computing but also requires heavy transmission resources to provide a timely response. The need here is to provide lightweight machine learning protocols that can process and analyze the data at run time and provide a timely and efficient response. These algorithms have grown in terms of computation and memory requirements due to the availability of large data sets. These models/algorithms also require high levels of resources such as computing, memory, communication, and storage. The focus so far was on producing highly accurate models for these communication networks without considering the energy consumption of these machine learning algorithms.For future scalable and sustainable network applications, efforts are required toward designing new machine learning protocols and modifying the existing ones, which consume less energy, i.e., green machine learning protocols. In other words, novel and lightweight green machine learning algorithms/protocols are required to reduce energy consumption which can also reduce the carbon footprint. To realize the green machine learning protocols, this book presents different aspects of green machine learning for future communication networks. This book highlights mainly the green machine learning protocols for cellular communication, federated learning-based models, and protocols for Beyond Fifth Generation networks, approaches for cloud-based communications, and Internet-of-Things. This book also highlights the design considerations and challenges for green machine learning protocols for different future applications.

This 2nd ed of the Handbook of Seafood and Seafood Products Analysis brings together the work of 109 experts who focus on the most recent research and development trends in analytical techniques and methodologies for the analysis of captured fresh and preserved seafood, either cultivated or wild, as well as for derived products.

Geopolymers presents a complex and interdisciplinary study in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, and civil engineering on oxide materials based on mineral wastes, known as geopolymers.Considering the ideal requirements for developing eco-friendly materials for industrial applications, this book describes how to design and develop different types of geopolymers that use mineral wastes or natural aluminosilicates as raw materials. It contains advanced knowledge and information regarding geopolymer manufacturing, development, characterization, and applications in soil stabilization, civil engineering, or ceramics.This book is relevant for undergraduate and graduate students conducting fundamental and applied research in the fields of materials engineering, ceramics engineering, and water processing.

A special quality about the medium of virtual reality is the immersive nature, allowing users to disengage from the physical world around them in order to fully interact with a digital environment. An Artistic Approach to Virtual Reality traces the lineage of artist/technologists who have worked with virtual reality in its infancy to the interactive virtual work of contemporary artists such as Laurie Anderson.Interlaced within a survey of artists whose works fit in the boundary of the interactive virtual medium, this book teases out what qualifies as interactive virtual artworks. The authors discuss the theories behind basic mechanics required to enter the virtual reality space and investigate theories around visual and embodied conceptual space.Key Features: - Explores theoretical and practical aspects of using virtual reality for artistic practice.- Includes examples and discussion of virtual reality artworks from award winning artists.- Discusses topics relevant to virtual reality that are pertinent and persist throughout hardware and software changes.- Provides historical and contemporary discussion of virtual reality artistic works.

This book is associated with the cybersecurity issues and provides a wide view of the novel cyber attacks and the defense mechanisms, especially AI-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).Features: A systematic overview of the state-of-the-art IDS Proper explanation of novel cyber attacks which are much different from classical cyber attacks Proper and in-depth discussion of AI in the field of cybersecurity Introduction to design and architecture of novel AI-based IDS with a trans- parent view of real-time implementations Covers a wide variety of AI-based cyber defense mechanisms, especially in the field of network-based attacks, IoT-based attacks, multimedia attacks, and blockchain attacks. This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who need to analyze IDS, as well as researchers developing methodologies in this field. It may also be used as a textbook for a graduate-level course on information security.

This book focusses on the current research on materials for advanced battery technologies and propose future directions for different types of batteries to meet the current challenges associated with the fuel cell aspect.

The health technology has become a hot topic in academic research. It employs the theory of social networks into the different levels of the prediction and analysis and has brought new possibilities for the development of technology. This book is a descriptive summary of challenges and methods using disease identification with various case studies from diverse authors across the globe. One of the new buzzwords in healthcare sector that has become popular over years is health informatics. Healthcare professionals must deal with an increasing number of computers and computer programs in their daily work. With rapid growth of digital data, the role of analytics in healthcare has created a significant impact on healthcare professional's life. Improvements in storage data, computational power and paral- lelization has also contributed to uptake this technology. This book is intended for use by researchers, health informatics professionals, academicians and undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in knowing more about health informatics. It aims to provide a brief overview about informatics, its history and area of practice, laws in health informatics, challenges and technologies in health informatics, applica- tion of informatics in various sectors and so on. Finally, the research avenues in health informatics along with some case studies are discussed.

Digital transformation, also known as Industry 4.0, Smart Industry, and Smart Manufacturing, is at the top of leaders' agendas. Such a transformation stimulates innovation in new products and services, the digital transformation of processes, and the creation of new business models and ecosystems. In the world of manufacturing, Industry 4.0 is based on various technological advances, among which we can mainly cite CPS (cyber-physical systems), IoT (Internet of Things), and IoS (internet of services).While engaging, this fourth wave also brings significant challenges for manufacturers. Business operations and the supply chain are becoming more vulnerable to cyber threats.Security Engineering for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems is an invaluable resource to discover cybersecurity and privacy techniques for embedded and cyber-physical systems. This book presents the latest studies and research results on all aspects of security engineering for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It also provides a premier interdisciplinary reference for researchers, practitioners, and educators to discover the most recent innovations, trends, concerns, and practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in security engineering for embedded and cyber-physical systems.The book offers comprehensive coverage of the essential topics, including the following:Embedded and cyber-physical systems threats and vulnerabilitiesSecurity engineering techniques for embedded and cyber-physical systemsSecurity engineering for embedded and cyber-physical systems and potential future-use casesArtificial intelligence techniques for cybersecurity and privacySecurity engineering for Internet of ThingsBlockchain for cybersecurity in embedded and cyber-physical systemsThis book comprises a number of state-of-the-art contributions from both scientists and practitioners working in security engineering for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It aspires to provide a relevant reference for students, researchers, engineers, and professionals working in this area or those interested in grasping its diverse facets and exploring the latest advances and future trends related to security engineering for embedded and cyber-physical systems.

This is a reference book on the classification, distribution, ecology and control of poisonous and aggressively invasive plant species on rangeland. The plants covered include leafy spurge, snakeweeds, thistles and knapweeds, woody species such as juniper, rabbitbrush, oakbrush, mesquite and saltcedar, and other noxious weeds such as dyers woad, cheatgrass and tansy ragwort.

The book comprises original articles on topical issues of risk theory, rational decision making, statistical decisions, and control of stochastic systems. The articles are the outcome of a series international projects involving the leading scholars in the field of modern stochastic optimization and decision making. The structure of stochastic optimization solvers is described. The solvers in general implement stochastic quasi-gradient methods for optimization and identification of complex nonlinear models. These models constitute an important methodology for finding optimal decisions under risk and uncertainty. While a large part of current approaches towards optimization under uncertainty stems from linear programming (LP) and often results in large LPs of special structure, stochastic quasi-gradient methods confront nonlinearities directly without need of linearization. This makes them an appropriate tool for solving complex nonlinear problems, concurrent optimization and simulation models, and equilibrium situations of different types, for instance, Nash or Stackelberg equilibrium situations. The solver finds the equilibrium solution when the optimization model describes the system with several actors. The solver is parallelizable, performing several simulation threads in parallel. It is capable of solving stochastic optimization problems, finding stochastic Nash equilibria, and of composite stochastic bilevel problems where each level may require the solution of stochastic optimization problem or finding Nash equilibrium. Several complex examples with applications to water resources management, energy markets, pricing of services on social networks are provided. In the case of power system, regulator makes decision on the final expansion plan, considering the strategic behavior of regulated companies and coordinating the interests of different economic entities. Such a plan can be an equilibrium - a planned decision where a company cannot increase its expected gain unilaterally.

The marine environment supports nearly half of the universal primary production, and a great share of which drives global fisheries. The Science of Ocean Pollution is written and presented in the author's characteristic conversational style and provides comprehensive coverage of the current situation regarding pollution in the world's oceans. Even though our welfare is intricately linked, interconnected with the sea and its natural resources, humans have substantially altered the face of the ocean within only a few centuries. The face of today's sea is quite apparent, obvious and visible; it floats. This book examines pollution runoff, plastics, oil spills and other pollutants that float in our seas as well as methods to best remediate these issues.

This volume is an update on the use of containment in the pharmaceutical industry and consumer healthcare. It serves to highlight how industrial hygiene acts as a driving force within these industries to reduce the risk of exposure to chemical and physical agents, particularly to powders and dusts, while taking all factors into account. The author emphasizes how this book is not designed to replace other texts on containment; rather, it will serve to show a practical approach of utilizing the technologies within the high-demand industries of pharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare.Features: Timely coverage of changes in process control technology for the phamaceutical industry, a dynamic area in terms of products and manufacturing processes Provides an update on the unique requirements of these industries and how they differ from others, for example the microelectronics or specialized chemicals industries Draws on the author's vast experience in the field of industrial hygiene and hazardous materials Presents a collection of unique situations in which industrial hygiene was implemented to resolve a variety of scenarios and did not interfere with quality issues Addresses current topics relating to industry evolution such as migration of therapies to higher potency, RiskMAP, new modalities in medicines and treatments, large molecule therapeutics and conjugates

We live in an inter-connected world. In the era of Industry 4.0, technology is getting embedded more and more in the way 'we learn, live, work, and play'. This progression is accelerating at a pace never seen before. Interdisciplinary and collaborative research across disciplines within the Technology domain and Management domain, and across the Technology-Management interface is opening up exciting new possibilities for solving problems whose solutions are beyond the scope of a single discipline, domain or practice, and helping to create a brave new world. The goal of this conference was to bring together scholars, researchers, consultants, and practitioners to share their interdisciplinary research and consultative work in Technology and Management. Selected papers were then peer-reviewed and authors were invited to present their work in the conference.

This abstracts volume (including full keynote and invited papers) contains the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cone Penetration Testing (CPT'22), held in Bologna, Italy, 8-10 June 2022. More than 500 authors - academics, researchers, practitioners and manufacturers - contributed to the peer-reviewed papers included in this book, which includes three keynote lectures, four invited lectures and 169 technical papers. The contributions provide a full picture of the current knowledge and major trends in CPT research and development, with respect to innovations in instrumentation, latest advances in data interpretation, and emerging fields of CPT application. The paper topics encompass three well-established topic categories typically addressed in CPT events: - Equipment and Procedures - Data Interpretation - Applications. Emphasis is placed on the use of statistical approaches and innovative numerical strategies for CPT data interpretation, liquefaction studies, application of CPT to offshore engineering, comparative studies between CPT and other in-situ tests. Cone Penetration Testing 2022 contains a wealth of information that could be useful for researchers, practitioners and all those working in the broad and dynamic field of cone penetration testing.

This book provides real stories of the South Korean semiconductor community. It explores the lives and careers of six influential semiconductor engineers who all studied at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) under the mentorship of Dr. Kim Choong-Ki, the most influential semiconductor professor in South Korea during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Kim's students became known as "Kim's Mafia" because of the important positions they went on to hold in industry, government, and academia. This book will be of interest to semiconductor engineers and electronics engineers, historians of science and technology, and scholars and students of East Asian studies."They were called 'Kim's Mafia.' Kim Choong-Ki himself wouldn't have put it that way. But it was true what semiconductor engineers in South Korea whispered about his former students: They were everywhere. ... Kim was the first professor in South Korea to systematically teach semiconductor engineering. From 1975, when the nation had barely begun producing its first transistors, to 2008, when he retired from teaching, Kim trained more than 100 students, effectively creating the first two generations of South Korean semiconductor experts." (Source: IEEE Spectrum, October, 2022.)

Most applications generate large datasets, like social networking and social influence programs, smart cities applications, smart house environments, Cloud applications, public web sites, scientific experiments and simulations, data warehouse, monitoring platforms, and e-government services. Data grows rapidly, since applications produce continuously increasing volumes of both unstructured and structured data. Large-scale interconnected systems aim to aggregate and efficiently exploit the power of widely distributed resources. In this context, major solutions for scalability, mobility, reliability, fault tolerance and security are required to achieve high performance and to create a smart environment. The impact on data processing, transfer and storage is the need to re-evaluate the approaches and solutions to better answer the user needs. A variety of solutions for specific applications and platforms exist so a thorough and systematic analysis of existing solutions for data science, data analytics, methods and algorithms used in Big Data processing and storage environments is significant in designing and implementing a smart environment.Fundamental issues pertaining to smart environments (smart cities, ambient assisted leaving, smart houses, green houses, cyber physical systems, etc.) are reviewed. Most of the current efforts still do not adequately address the heterogeneity of different distributed systems, the interoperability between them, and the systems resilience. This book will primarily encompass practical approaches that promote research in all aspects of data processing, data analytics, data processing in different type of systems: Cluster Computing, Grid Computing, Peer-to-Peer, Cloud/Edge/Fog Computing, all involving elements of heterogeneity, having a large variety of tools and software to manage them. The main role of resource management techniques in this domain is to create the suitable frameworks for development of applications and deployment in smart environments, with respect to high performance. The book focuses on topics covering algorithms, architectures, management models, high performance computing techniques and large-scale distributed systems.

Processed products obtained from meat, fish, and poultry play a predominant role ascribed to their nutritional profile and sensory characteristics. Usually, these products are highly perishable, and, therefore, the food industry used traditional thermal methods of heat processing in order to extend the stability of the product to the greatest extent. But this traditional method has several disadvantages including undesirable changes in organoleptic characteristics, denaturation of the good quality of animal proteins, and degradation of several nutritional components.Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for the Meat, Fish, and Poultry Industries addresses stability enhancement of meat-, fish-, and poultry-processed products by implementing a non-thermal approach. Currently, there are several innovative non-thermal processing techniques available that can be adopted for enhancing the safety quality of these foods. This book presents the various non-thermal processing techniques that can be successfully applied to this processing industry, including high-pressure processing, ultrasound, irradiation, and pulse electric fields. It explains how these processes can signifantly minimize quality changes without posing any threat to the consumer. These techniques can be replaced for traditional thermal processing techniques viz. roasting, frying, boiling, and grilling.This book benefits food scientists, food process engineers, academicians, students, and food industrial professionals by providing in-depth knowledge of non-thermal processing of foods for meat, fish, and poultry product quality retention as well as for efficient consumer acceptability. The text contains current and emerging trends in the use of non-thermal processing techniques for its application in these industries.

Get ready to be at the forefront of the future of urban development!As cities continue to rapidly grow, the demand for sustainable and efficient infrastructure becomes more urgent. That's where What Every Engineer Should Know About Smart Cities comes in, offering a comprehensive guide to the concepts and technologies driving the transformation of our cities.Delve into the world of smart cities and discover how information and communication technologies are revolutionizing urban environments. With clear definitions and a focus on real-world applications, this book explores the benefits and challenges of smart cities. It also highlights interdisciplinary topics such as smart buildings, autonomous cars, and urban emergency management systems.This book is not just a theoretical exploration of smart cities. It goes beyond that by providing an in-depth look at the key technologies that are essential to creating smart cities. From the Internet of Things and blockchain to digital twins and modeling and simulations, readers will gain a solid understanding of the foundational technologies that make smart cities possible. With detailed discussions and real-world examples of smart mobility, smart health, smart education, and smart agribusiness, readers will gain a deep understanding of the requirements and characteristics that engineers need to contribute to the development of smart cities.Whether you're an engineer looking to expand your knowledge, a city planner seeking to understand the latest trends, or simply someone interested in the future of urban living, What Every Engineer Should Know About Smart Cities is the ultimate guide to unlocking the potential of smart cities for sustainable urban development and improved quality of life.