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This book presents new data in Applied Activity Theory (AAT) and Systemic-Structural Activity Theory (SSAT), that can be used in the study of human performance. The SSAT is the high-level generality theory that offers standardized principles of the analyses of human activity. These principles can be utilized in theoretical and applied studies. This multi-contributed book offers a selection of works that will provide a holistic picture of the field. The new data can be utilized for the study of extremely complex human-machine and human-computer interaction systems, and for evaluation of efficiency, complexity, and reliability of such systems at the design stage.Features Shows examples of self-regulative models of various cognitive processes Illustrates a method of study of production process in the construction industry Includes topics on learning, training, and management Covers a new method of computer based automated support of decision making under risk and uncertainty Presents a new method of evaluation of probabilistic structure of tasks, and the method of assessing reliability of human performance

In the face of resource depletion, environmental changes, lifestyle changes, demographic and digital adaptation, old ideologies of city building and expensive and complex automobility solutions are in freefall. These changes are creating severe friction between the old and new paradigms. This book provides new perspectives through the process of ideological disassociation and concepts of human mobility code. The basic premise of the book, human mobility is an essential component of our creativity that comes from our unconscious desire to become a part of a community. Several new concepts in the book starts with the hallmark of new discovery of human mobility code and its implications of urban mobility boundary systems to stay within safe planetary zone. A new discovery of human mobility code from comprehensive research finding prove that each individual develops a unique mobility footprint and become our mobility identity. Beyond individual hallmarks, human develops collective mobility codes through interaction with the third space on which entire mobility systems lie and are created by the fundamentals of city planning and the design process. Readers are introduced to an innovative mobility planning process and reinvention of multimodal mobility approaches based on new mobility code while formulating new concepts, practical solutions and implementation techniques, tools, policies, and processes to reinforce low-carbon mobility options while addressing social equity, environmental, and health benefits. Finally, the book arms us with knowledge to prevent the disaster of full technological enlightenment against our natural human mobility code.

Human Activity and Behavior Analysis relates to the field of vision and sensor-based human action or activity and behavior analysis and recognition. The book includes a series of methodologies, surveys, relevant datasets, challenging applications, ideas, and future prospects.The book discusses topics such as action recognition, action understanding, gait analysis, gesture recognition, behavior analysis, emotion and affective computing, and related areas. This volume focuses on relevant activities in three main subject areas: Healthcare and Emotion, Mental Health, and Nurse Care Records.The editors are experts in these arenas and the contributing authors are drawn from high-impact research groups around the world. This book will be of great interest to academics, students, and professionals working and researching in the field of human activity and behavior analysis.

Living Law presents a comprehensive overview of relationships between legal and social theory, and of current approaches to the sociological study of legal ideas. It explores the nature of legal theory and sociolegal studies today as teaching and research fields, and the work of many of the major sociolegal theorists. In addition, it sets out the author's distinctive approach to sociological analysis of law, applying this in a range of studies in specific legal fields, such as the law of contract, property and trusts, constitutional analysis, and comparative law.

The vast majority of vibrations Encountered in the real Environment are random in nature. Such vibrations are intrinsically complicated, and this volume describes the Enabling process for simplification of the analysis required. and the analysis of the signal in the frequency domain. Power spectrum density is also defined, with the requisite precautions to be taken in its calculation described together with the processes (windowing. overlapping) necessary for improved results. A further complementary method, the analysis of statistical properties of the time signal. is described. This enables the distribution law of the maxima of a random Gaussian signal to be determined and simplifies calculation of fatigue damage to be made by the avoidance of the direct counting of peaks.

New research is being conducted in the diagnosis and new treatments of cancer that has high efficacy and are minimally invasiveness. Artificial intelligence, bioimpedance, thermal images and nanomaterials have been used to provide early diagnosis. New treatments based on the generation of microwaves, radiofrequency, or ultrasound have been proposed in the last couple of decades. Although thermotherapies have been shown to be efficient, for them to be considered as a primary treatment, they must overcome some hurdles. One of the main challenges is to ensure applicators that point the electromagnetic or the mechanical waves at a tumor, don't affect the surrounding healthy tissues. In some cases, nanoparticles have also been designed to achieve better focus. The design of new applicators can be made by computational models based on methods such as the finite element. However, to efficiently predict the applicator's performance, it is important that dielectric, thermal, and acoustic properties (tissue characterization) are included in the models. Not only healthy tissue, but also tumors must be characterized. Patient specific treatment planning, which consists of a 3D patient model based on medical images, can be developed to implement a safety treatment. Moreover, tissue properties as well as the applicator must be defined. Parameters such as temperature increase, and heat pattern must be evaluated to ensure patient safety and treatment success.

An accessible introduction to RNA viruses and the infectious outcomes that they cause in the central nervous system. Including the major RNA viruses, their impact on the central nervous system (CNS), and the similarities and differences in pathological outcomes that can be observed. Neuroscientists be they students, researchers, and clinicians will benefit from the up to date and timely coverage provided.Our understanding of viruses, and specifically RNA viruses and their pathological impact, is rapidly evolving. For example, the close molecular interaction of viruses with the CNS cell types in the human host is poorly understood. Readers will be able to use the book to clearly understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing pathological outcomes of RNA virus infection in the cell types of human brain (e.g., neurons, endothelial cells, astrocytes, resident immune cells) based on summarized case studies, and gain insight into how cell-type specific defects affects the brain function and causes poor clinical outcomes. Aimed primarily at neuroscience students and postgraduates wishing to learn about virology as well as professionals who are interested to learn more about virus-associated neuropathology. A basic knowledge of cell and molecular biology is assumed, however readers across the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) will find this topical and timely publication of value.

Heat Exchangers: Mechanical Design, Materials Selection, Nondestructive Testing, and Manufacturing Methods, Third Edition covers mechanical design of pressure vessels and shell and tube heat exchangers, including bolted flange joint design, as well as selection of a wide spectrum of materials for heat exchanger construction, their physical properties, corrosion behavior, and fabrication methods like welding.Discussing the basics of quality control, the book includes ISO Standards for QMS, and references modern quality concepts such as Kaizen, TPM, and TQM. It presents Six Sigma and Lean tools, for heat exchangers manufacturing industries. The book explores heat exchanger manufacturing methods such as fabrication of shell and tube heat exchangers and brazing and soldering of compact heat exchangers.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of heat exchanger design, including pressure vessel manufacturers.

Thinking about Science, Reflecting on Art: Bringing Aesthetics and Philosophy of Science Together is the first book to systematically examine the relationship between the philosophy of science and aesthetics. With contributions from leading figures from both fields, this edited collection engages with such questions as: Does representation function in the same way in science and in art? What important characteristics do scientific models share with literary fictions? What is the difference between interpretation in the sciences and in the arts? Can there be a science of aesthetics? In what ways can aesthetics and philosophy of science be integrated? Aiming to develop the interconnections between the philosophy of science and the philosophy of art more broadly and more deeply than ever before, this volume not only explores scientific representation by comparison with fiction but extends the scope of interaction to include metaphysical and other questions around methodology in mainstream philosophy of science, including the aims of science, the characterisation of scientific understanding, and the nature of observation, as well as drawing detailed comparisons between specific examples in both art and the sciences.

The book brings about a critical overview of the prospects of utilizing medicinal and aromatic plants in phytoremediation including their utility, economical benefits and human safety issues.

The assessment of cancer risk is a complex process that requires the examination of etiological agents, real-world environments, and individual rates of exposure. This reference offers practical approaches to determine cancer risk in individuals, groups of exposed persons, and the general public in relation to individual genetic and acquired susceptibilities.

How is it that depending on setting, the same cat can be perceived as a homeless annoyance, a potential research subject or a thinking and feeling family member? The answer is bound up in our perception of non-human animals' capacity to experience emotions, and this book draws on contemporary evidence-based research, observations, interviews and anecdotal case scenarios to explore the growing knowledge base around animal emotion. Acknowledging that animals can experience feelings directly affects the way that they are perceived and treated in many settings, and the author explores the implications when humans apply - or ignore - this knowledge selectively between species and within species. This information is presented within the unique context of a proposed hierarchy of perceived non-human animal emotional abilities (often based on human interpretation of the animal's emotional capacity), with examples of how this manifests at an emotional, spiritual and moral level. Implications for specific groups living with, caring for or working with non-human animals are examined, making the book of particular interest to those working, studying or researching in the veterinary professions; animal ethics, law and welfare; zoology, biology and animal science. This book will also be fascinating reading for anyone interested in simply learning more about the animals with whom we share this planet. For some readers, it will validate the reciprocal emotional bond they feel for living creatures. For others, it will raise questions around the moral treatment of sentient non-human beings, breaking down the human protective barrier of cognitive dissonance and activating a cycle of change.

This book covers the application of psychological principles and techniques to situations and problems of aviation. It offers an overview of the role psychology plays in aviation, system design, selection and training of pilots, characteristics of pilots, safety, and passenger behavior. It covers concepts of psychological research and data analysis and shows how these tools are used in the development of new psychological knowledge. The new edition offers material on physiological effects on pilot performance, a new chapter on aviation physiology, more material on fatigue, safety culture, mental health and safety, as well as practical examples and exercises after each chapter.

Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain as well as to many neurosecretory cells. This book focuses on the development of sensory and neurosecretory cell types from cranial placodes by introducing the vertebrate head with its sense organs and neurosecretory organs and providing an overview of the various cranial placodes and their derivatives, including evidence of common embryonic primordia. Schlosser discusses how these primordia are established in the early embryo and how individual placodes develop. The latter chapters explain how various placodally derived sensory and neurosecretory cell types differentiate into discrete structures.

This textbook provides an accessible and self-contained introduction to the physics behind fluid dynamics; exploring the laws of nature describing three out of four fundamental states of matter (liquids, gases, and plasmas that consist of charged particles). It provides readers with the tools to understand and model fluid dynamical systems across a wide range of applications, from dense liquids to dilute space plasmas. This book covers the principles of fluid dynamics for an audience without prior exposure to fluid dynamics specifically but with a basic understanding of vector algebra, thermodynamics and electromagnetism. Example applications are drawn both from astrophysics and physics, touching upon exciting cutting edge research such as relativistic blast waves from stellar explosions and the implications of plasma nature of the atmosphere for present and future radio observatories. These will be contrasted and complemented with examples from general physics (e.g. contrasting the incompressible nature of water with the dilute interstellar medium). It is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduates studying the topic and will provide a solid foundation for further (postgraduate) studies into fluid dynamics in physics or astrophysics.Key Features: - Introduction to fluid dynamics pitched at advanced undergraduate level, accessible to students who are still learning relevant mathematical techniques.- Includes many exercises and worked solutions, in addition to timely examples and easily accessible numerical demonstrations written in C and python for readers to experiment with.- Up-to-date selection of topics including fluid dynamics in relativity and computational fluid dynamics, written by an expert in the field.Dr Hendrik van Eerten is a lecturer in computational astrophysics at the University of Bath, United Kingdom, a position he took up in 2016. His area of research is transients in high-energy astrophysics, with a focus on theoretical and computational fluid dynamics of relativistic jets and cosmic explosions. He has worked extensively on hydrodynamical simulations of gamma-ray bursts and has developed a range of models and numerical tools that are used extensively by this research community. Since 2016, Dr van Eerten teaches a range of units including C programming, high-energy astrophysics, computational astrophysics and fluid dynamics in physics and astrophysics. Prior to his current position, Dr van Eerten obtained a Masters degree in theoretical physics, followed by a PhD (2010) in theoretical astrophysics at the University of Amsterdam. He has been a post-doctoral researcher at New York University and an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics.

Most vertebrate cranial sense organs arise from placodes. These placodes give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information to the brain and neurosecretory cells. This book reviews the evolutionary origin of the sensory and neurosecretory cell types. It summarizes our current understanding of vertebrate evolution, clarifies conceptual issues relating to homology and evolutionary innovation of cell types, compares the sensory and neurosecretory cell types with similar cell types in other animals, and addresses the question of how cranial placodes evolved as novel structures in vertebrates by redeploying pre-existing and sometimes evolutionarily ancient cell types.

Arsenic in drinking water and food is a major health issue, affecting millions of people in many parts of the world. In recent years serious cases of arsenic exposure through different environmental matrices have been reported. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic.

This concise, practical text covers the essential information veterinary students need to succeed in Equine medicine and surgery, focusing on the nervous system, eyes, cardiovascular disorders and haemolymphatic systems. Written for an international readership, the book includes a glossary of terms and conveys the core information in an easily digestible, precise form with extensive use of bullet-points, tables, flow-charts, diagrams, lists, protocols and extensive illustration. Part of a five-book series that extracts and updates key information from Munroe's Equine Surgery, Reproduction and Medicine, Second Edition, the book distils best practice in a logical straightforward clinical-based approach. It details clinical anatomy, physical clinical examination techniques, diagnostic techniques and normal parameters, emphasising the things regularly available to general practitioners with minimal information of advanced techniques. The nervous system section discusses in detail the neurological exam, mentions relevant diagnostic tests, and divides the diseases of the system into congenital, infectious, traumatic, toxin-induced and miscellaneous causes. In the eye section, the relevant anatomy and the examination of the eye are followed by discussion of useful diagnostic tests and procedures. Diseases of the eye are discussed under the headings of congenital/neonatal, tumours, infectious and inflammatory disorders, neurological based, and parasitic problems. The cardiological examination and relevant diagnostic tests are followed by sections on arrhythmias, congenital and acquired cardiac diseases, pericardial disease and miscellaneous cardiovascular disease. Finally, the haemolymphatic section discusses in detail relevant diagnostic approaches and laboratory aids, followed by sections on anaemia, haemostasis disorders, infections and neoplasia. Ideal for veterinary students and nurses on clinical placements with horses as well as practitioners needing a quick reference 'on the ground'. The spiralbound format allows the book to lie open during practice.

An essential handbook that covers the radiological findings of all the common surgical conditions. Candidates preparing for the MRCS or FRCS (in General Surgery) exams will find this indispensable guide will prepare them for a wide range of questions, including rare and obscure examples that are not found elsewhere. Radiological findings are presented according to systems such as colorectal, upper GI and HPB, urology, emergency surgery and others. Each chapter describes the use of radiological modalities in different clinical scenarios and includes figures illustrating the defining characteristics of common clinical scenarios.The clear and illustrated content provides the knowledge required to answer what would otherwise be some of the most difficult questions in postgraduate surgical examinations. It is also a practical reference book that can be kept at hand to inform ward rounds and multidisciplinary team meetings. MRCS and FRCS exam candidates are expected to have a knowledge of radiological findings for all surgical conditions, and this concise guide will ensure that candidates are well prepared to answer questions accurately and with confidence.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious health condition that puts people at a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and atherosclerosis. Prevalent worldwide, MetS-related induced mortality and frequency contributes to the progression of heart failure, which can be controlled by proper treatment. This book identifies the echocardiographic characteristics that undergo changes in MetS, significantly affecting its course, and contributing to the clinical aggravation of the disease. This linking with echocardiography as a marker of heart failure due to MetS is useful for academics and professionals in Cardiology, Endocrinology, and Internal Medicine for effective management.

This up-to-date, comprehensive toxicology handbook is devoted to the effects of environmental pollution on fish. Fish species represent nearly half of all vertebrates and have become important sentinels for environmental contamination and model organisms for understanding adverse outcomes from exposures. This new edition is written by recognized experts, and it highlights the significant research progress in fish toxicology that has resulted from rapid technological developments in analytical, biochemical, and genomic sciences. The book: Discusses fundamental topics such as toxicokinetics in fishes, processes governing biotransformation within these organisms, and reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress Explains key target organ systems for chemical impacts in fish, such as the nervous and immune systems, and how fishes can develop resistance to chemical toxicity Covers multi-transgenerational effects on fishes, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics, and adverse outcome pathways Replacing the case studies in the first edition, this update delves into the impacts of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and oil spills in dedicated final chapters. With nearly 200 illustrations and tables, this comprehensive reference work presents concepts in a way that is useful for both novices to and experts in the field of fish toxicology.

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is associated with pathological fractures that can lead to significant morbidity. It represents an economic burden to the health care system, directly linked to an ageing population. Guidelines on osteoporosis prevention have been published but these do not provide the required specialised knowledge for the treating physician. This book 'fills the gap' and focuses on the principles of surgical and medical treatment of osteoporosis. It aims to improve education and provide answers based on current evidence, helping doctors follow best practice, improve patient care and outcomes, and minimise the complications of medical and surgical management.

Increasing human population pressure, especially in developing countries, indicates a massive increase in the consumption of livestock products. Fodder crops are the primary and cheapest source of feed for livestock, but feed shortages or poor quality fodder are particular constraints to the world's livestock sector. These shortages affect milk production, adult and calf health, calving rates, and livestock numbers. Summer crops including cereal, legume, grass, and tree fodder provide an economical source of nutrients suitable for animal health as well as improves their breeding efficiency.Sustainable Summer Fodder: Production, Challenges, and Prospects presents the unique opportunities and difficulties of supportable cultivation and growth of summer fodder crops, and the various methods for enabling crop preservation. It details conventional modern approaches to sustainable production and advanced molecular approaches to develop high yielding fodder crops.Features Contains information on cultivation, growth, productivity, and protection from pests and diseases of various summer fodder crops. Presents approaches to sustainable production; summarizes fodder preservation methods; and details molecular approaches to develop high yielding fodder crops. Provides insights into agronomic aspects of cereal, legumes, grasses, and trees species cultivated as summer fodder worldwide. Discusses the trends in insect pests and diseases, their field identification and various control methods This book is an essential resource for agronomists, horticulturalists, livestock farmers and practitioners, and students working in the field.

Cereal Crops: Genetic Resources and Breeding Techniques provides the reader practical tools for understanding relationships and challenges of successful farming; improvements to genetic modifications; and environmentally sound methods of production of bulk and quality cereals including wheat, maize, rice, barley, and millets. It explores the trait mapping, cropping systems, genome engineering, and identification of specific germplasms needed for the more effective development of biotic and abiotic stress resistant cereals within the framework of ensuring future food supplies around the world. Features: Focuses on cropping systems, genetics and genome engineering for higher crop production at a global level.Features information on specific prebiotic formulas to ward off adverse effects of antibiotics.Covers mechanistic as well as practical approaches for enhancing crop production in a sustainable way.Includes further in-depth analysis of various topics following each chapter.This is a vital resource for researchers, crop biologists, and students working with crop production and climate changes that have a significant impact on crop production, spanning basic to advanced level discussions of plant breeding, molecular genetics, and agronomy. Covering mechanistic and practical approaches for enhancing crop production in a sustainable way, this text is beneficial to intensive farmers and stakeholders in the field of crop production.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic threw the world into complete chaos with its rapid and devastating spread. Scientists are still trying to obtain a better understanding of the patterns of COVID-19 and trying to get a deeper understanding of mutant strains and their pathogenicity by performing genomic sequences of more samples. Fractal-based analysis provides its unique forecasting policy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, and in general, of any outbreaks.The book presents fractal and multifractal models of COVID-19 and reviews the impact of the pandemic including epidemiology, genome organization, transmission cycle, and control strategies based on mathematical models towards developing an immune intervention. Also, it covers non-clinical aspects such as economic development with graphical illustrations, meeting the needs of onlookers outside the sector who desire additional information on the epidemic. The fractal signatures describe the fractal textures in the patterns of Coronavirus. Studies on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in relation with the fractals and fractal functions serve to exhibit its irregular chaotic nature. Moreover, the book with its wide coverage on the Hurst exponent analysis and the fractal dimension estimation, greatly aids in measuring the epidemiology.

Electrospinning is a versatile method to synthesize fiber materials. Electrospun Nanofibres: Materials, Methods, and Applications explores the technical aspects of electrospinning methods used to derive a wide range of functional fiber materials and their applications in various technical sectors. As electrospinning is a process that can be modified strategically to achieve different fibers of interest, this book covers the wide spectrum of electrospinning methodologies, such as coaxial, triaxial, emulsion, suspension, electrolyte and gas-assisted spinning processes. It: Discusses a broad range of materials, including synthetic polymers, biodegradable polymers, metals and their oxides, hybrid materials, nonpolymers, and more Reviews different electrospinning methods and combined technologies Describes process-related parameters and their influence on material properties and performance Examines modeling of the electrospinning process Highlights applications across different industries This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and advanced students in materials science and engineering.

This book focuses on the impacts of anthropogenic radiation on wildlife and ecosystems and provides an in-depth look at the approaches and available tools we can use to gain information about biological effects of radiation in the environment.The nuclear accidents in Chornobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011 focussed the attention of the world on the vulnerability of ecosystems to radiation. In Chornobyl, there still remains an exclusion zone where levels are considered to be too high for people and impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems can still be measured 35 years later. In the area impacted by the Fukushima disaster, intense remediation is still under way at tremendous cost and causing widespread disruption to the environment. That accident impacted the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In both accidents it became obvious that a radiation protection framework focussing on protection of "humans" (a single species) and using evacuation as a key strategy, was not sufficient to protect the natural environment. The complexity of ecosystems makes developing a protection framework very challenging but in order to even start the process it is vital to gather information about likely impacts of low dose exposures on wildlife and to develop monitoring tools to measure changes over time. This book contains reviews and original research aimed at filling our knowledge gaps about these important areas.Environmental Radiobiology will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Radiobiology, Radioecology, Biology, Ecology, Biomedicine and Research Methods. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of International Journal of Radiation Biology.

This volume is the first comprehensive and single-authored book on the functions of the basal ganglia. The goal is to provide a new synthesis of diverse areas of research on the basal ganglia, from cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission and plasticity to neural circuit mechanisms underlying behavior. A global theory of basal ganglia function incorporating research from the last 40 years is presented. I hope to explain for the first time how the basal ganglia generate behavior, how they contribute to learning and memory, and how impairments in basal ganglia function can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders.Features The only single-authored book on the basal ganglia with coverage of the latest literature Spans multiple levels of analysis, from cellular physiology to behavior Includes coverage of clinical symptoms, encompassing neuropsychology, movement disorders, and psychiatric disorders Discusses the role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory

Globally, young people's health is an increasing priority area for health practitioners, policy-makers and researchers, and concepts of empowerment feature strongly in international public health discourses on young people's health. Yet the concept of empowerment remains under-theorized, and its relationship to young people's health is not well understood. This innovative volume critically examines the concept of empowerment and its relationship to young people's health.Empowerment, Health Promotion and Young People is set out in two main parts. Part one examines differing conceptions of power and empowerment and how these concepts have been variously defined and used in relation to young people's health and health promotion. Part two offers a new theoretical framework for understanding empowerment as it relates to young people's health. Drawing together key works in the field and findings from an empirical enquiry on young people's health, this framework looks at health as it is defined by young people themselves, and offers new directions for empowerment, and critical insights into the field of young people's health and health promotion. Critically engaging with the concept of power and opening up the debate about the relevance and effectiveness of using contemporary understandings of empowerment to promote health, this book is suitable for researchers and students of health, sociology, education and youth studies interested in young people's health and health promotion.

A significant problem experienced by some GPs and many trainees is the challenge of completing a useful and safe consultation with patients with mental health problems within the constraints of a standard-length appointment. These challenges may arise from a lack of specific expertise in this area, poor training in the relevant skills and, perhaps, the attitude that there is not much that the primary care practitioner can do to help. This new book focuses on enhancing the repertoire of communication skills available for mental health consultation, providing a range of tools and techniques drawn from accepted models, including CBT, transactional analysis, dialectical behavioural therapy and acceptance commitment therapy, and illustrating how to apply these within a typical ten to twelve-minute primary care consultation.Essential reading for all primary care practitioners in training and in practice, the book equips readers with the confidence and knowledge to provide excellent mental health care to their patients.