Clinical chemistry, however, is a topic in which many senior medical students and pathology residents face challenges. This book meets this challenge head on with a clear and easy-to-read presentation of core topics and detailed case studies that illustrate the application of clinical chemistry knowledge to everyday patient care.
Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Volume 2: Chemical Processes is the second of two volumes by the editors (the first volume is Advanced Technology for the Conversion of Waste into Fuels and Chemicals: Biological Processes). This volume presents advanced techniques and combined techniques used to convert energy to waste, including combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation. The title focuses on solid waste conversion to fuel and energy, presenting advances in the design, manufacture and application of conversion technologies. Contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and manufacturing present a truly trans-disciplinary picture of waste to energy conversion. Huge volumes of solid waste are produced globally while, at the same time, huge amounts of energy are produced from fossil fuels. Waste to energy (WTE) technologies are developing rapidly, holding out the potential to make clean, sustainable power from waste material. These WTE procedures incorporate various methods and blended approaches, and present an enormous opportunity for clean, sustainable energy. Presents the latest advances in waste to energy techniques for converting solid waste to valuable fuel and energy Brings together contributors from physics, chemistry, metallurgy, engineering and the manufacturing industry Includes advanced techniques such as combustion, gasification, paralysis, anaerobic digestion and fermentation Goes far beyond municipal waste, including the recouping of valuable energy from a variety of industrial waste materials
Green Chemistry for Sustainable Textiles: Modern Design and Approaches provides a comprehensive survey of the latest methods in green chemistry for the reduction of the textile industry''s environmental impact. In recent years industrial R&D has been exploring more sustainable chemicals as well as eco-friendly technologies in　the textile wet processing chain, leading to a range of new techniques for sustainable textile manufacture. This book discusses and explores basic principles of green chemistry and their implementation along with other aspects of cleaner production strategies, as well as new and emerging textile technologies, providing a comprehensive reference for readers at all levels. Potential benefits to industry from the techniques covered in this book include: Savings in water, energy and chemical consumption, waste minimization as well as disposal cost reduction, and production of high added value sustainable textile products to satisfy consumer demands for comfort, safety, aesthetic, and multi-functional performance properties.Innovative emerging methods are covered as well as popular current technologies, creating a comprehensive reference that facilitates comparisons between methodsEvaluates the fundamental green chemistry principles as drivers for textile sustainabilityExplains how and why to use renewable green chemicals in the textile wet processing chain
Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 88, the latest release in a series that has been providing in-depth and up-to-date reviews on all aspects of marine biology since 1963, updates on many topics that will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. Chapters in this new release include Marine Environmental DNA: Approaches, Applications, and Opportunities, and The Biology and Ecology of the Banana Prawns.Reviews articles surrounding the latest advances in marine biologyAuthored by leading figures in their respective fields of studyPresents materials that are widely used by managers, students and academic professionals in the marine sciences
Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 102, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists. The serial discusses the most up-to-date technologies related to the field of clinical chemistry. Chapters in this new release cover Advances in immunosensor technology, Extracellular Vesicles: Roles and Applications in Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Oxidative stress biomarkers in the preterm infant, Translational biomarkers in the era of precision medicine, Metabolomics applications in coronary artery disease personalized medicine, Quantitative EEG biomarkers for epilepsy and their relation to chemical biomarkers.Provides the most up-to-date technologies in clinical chemistry and clinical laboratory scienceAuthored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientistsPresents the international benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory
Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 103, the latest release in a series that has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists interested in new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy includes a variety of updated chapters covering Recent Applications of 17O Solid State NMR in Biochemistry, NMR Studies of Ferromagnetic Materials, Very Fast MAS Solid State NMR Studies of Pharmaceuticals, Recent Advances in Benchtop NMR and Applications, Ultra-Fast Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.Serves as the premier resource for learning new techniques and applications in NMR spectroscopyProvides a key reference for chemists and physicists using NMR spectroscopy to study the structure and dynamics of moleculesCovers all aspects of molecular science, including MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Advances in Immunology, Volume 150, the latest release in a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments and comprehensive reviews in immunology.Presents current developments and comprehensive reviews in immunologyProvides the latest in a longstanding and respected serial on the subject matterFocuses on recent advances in the advancing area of the mechanisms involved in the evolution of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 115 continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic of microbiology, with this release focusing on the preparation of functional oligosaccharides using microbial coupling fermentation.Contains contributions from leading authorities in the fieldInforms and updates on the latest developments in the field of microbiologyIncludes discussions on the role of specific molecules in pathogen life stages, interactions, and much more
Advances in Agronomy, Volume 168, the latest release in this leading reference on agronomy, contains a variety of updates and highlights new advances in the field. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.Includes numerous, timely, state-of-the-art reviews on the latest advancements in agronomyFeatures distinguished, well-recognized authors from around the worldBuilds upon this venerable and iconic review seriesCovers the extensive variety and breadth of subject matter in the crop and soil sciences
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Volume 74, the latest release in this ongoing series, features empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning, to complex learning and problem-solving.Presents the latest information in the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation seriesProvides an essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive scienceContains information relevant to both applied concerns and basic research
Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 61, the latest release in this classic resource on the field of developmental psychology, includes a variety of timely updates, with this release presenting chapters on The Development of Mental Rotation Ability Across the First Year After Birth, Groups as Moral Boundaries: A Developmental Perspective, The Development of Time Concepts, Mother-child Physiological Synchrony, Children''s Social Reasoning About Others: Dispositional and Contextual Influences, Mindful Thinking: Does it Really Help Children?, On the Emergence of Differential Responding to Social Categories, Trust in Early Childhood, Infant Imitation, Social-Cognition and Brain Development, and more.Contains chapters that highlight some of the most recent research in the area of child development and behaviorPresents a high-quality and wide range of topics covered by well-known professionals
Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, Volume 76, the latest release in this longstanding serial is known for its comprehensive coverage of topics in organometallic synthesis, reactions, mechanisms, homogeneous catalysis, and more. It is ideal for a wide range of researchers involved in organometallic chemistry, including synthetic protocols, mechanistic studies and practical applications.Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field of organometallic chemistryCovers topics in organometallic synthesis, reactions, mechanisms, homogeneous catalysis, and moreInforms and updates readers on the latest developments in the fieldCarefully edited to provide easy-to-read material
Volatiles and Metabolites of Microbes compiles the latest research and advancement in the field of volatiles, metabolites synthesized from the microbial strains such as actinomycetes, bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungal species and their potential applications in the field of healthcare issue and sustainable agriculture. There is an urgent need to explore new and advanced biological methods for health industries and sustainable agriculture and to protect the environment from environmental pollution or contaminates, global warming, and also control the health of human beings from the side effects of various pharmaceuticals products. Focusing all these factors, Volatiles and Metabolites of Microbes explores new aspects of microorganism in terms of volatiles, enzymes, bioactive compounds synthesized from the microbes and their potential applications in the field of sustainable agriculture and health-related issuesProvides a broad aspect about volatiles, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites of microbes compiled in one coverGives the latest research and advancement in the field of volatiles, secondary metabolites, and bioactive compounds synthesized from the different microbial strainsResponds to new developments in the detection of the complex compound structures of volatilesOffers insight to a very broad audience in Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology, Agronomy, and Pathology
Design, Analysis and Applications of Renewable Energy Systems covers recent advancements in the study of renewable energy control systems by bringing together diverse scientific breakthroughs on the modeling, control and optimization of renewable energy systems as conveyed by leading energy systems engineering researchers. The book focuses on present novel solutions for many problems in the field, covering modeling, control theorems and the optimization techniques that will help solve many scientific issues for researchers. Multidisciplinary applications are also discussed, along with their fundamentals, modeling, analysis, design, realization and experimental results. This book fills the gaps between different interdisciplinary applications, ranging from mathematical concepts, modeling, and analysis, up to the realization and experimental work. Presents some of the latest innovative approaches to renewable energy systems from the point-of-view of dynamic modeling, system analysis, optimization, control and circuit design Focuses on advances related to optimization techniques for renewable energy and forecasting using machine learning methods Includes new circuits and systems, helping researchers solve many nonlinear problems
Cyber-Physical Systems: AI and COVID-19 highlights original research which addresses current data challenges in terms of the development of mathematical models, cyber-physical systems-based tools and techniques, and the design and development of algorithmic solutions, etc. It reviews the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS) and reviews tools and techniques that can be used. This book will act as a resource to guide COVID researchers as they move forward with clinical and epidemiological studies on this outbreak, including the technical concepts of gathering, processing and analyzing data from cyber-physical systems (CPS). The major problem in the identification of COVID-19 is detection and diagnosis due to non-availability of medicine. In this situation, only one method, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been widely adopted and used for diagnosis. With the evolution of COVID-19, the global research community has implemented many machine learning and deep learning-based approaches with incremental datasets. However, finding more accurate identification and prediction methods are crucial at this juncture. Offers perspectives on the design, development and commissioning of intelligent applications Provides reviews on the latest intelligent technologies and algorithms related to the state-of-the-art methodologies of monitoring and mitigation of COVID-19 Puts forth insights on how future illnesses can be supported using intelligent corona virus monitoring techniques
Fukushima Accident: 10 Years After evaluates the post-Fukushima accident situation with up-to-date information, emphasizing radionuclide impacts on the terrestrial and marine environments, and comparing them to the pre-Fukushima accident levels of radionuclides in the environment. This is based on scientific results, as well as knowledge gathered from literature to provide current information on the present status, summarize 10 years of data on the Fukushima accident, and describe the present situation in the local, regional, and global time and space scales. It provides data on radioactivity released into the atmosphere and the ocean, the distribution of radionuclides in the world atmosphere and oceans, and their impact on the total environment, including assessments of radiation doses in Japanese and world populations from consumption of terrestrial food and seafood. It goes on to describe future aspects of the radioactive contamination of these environments and the health implications. This book informs environmental scientists, academics, and researchers in environmental science and nuclear energy as well as postgraduate students in the field of environmental science, radioactivity, and nuclear energy, on the present situation of radioactive contamination of Japan and in the world. Covers the Fukushima radioactivity impact on humans and the environment from the accident to the present Provides full information on radiation doses to Japanese citizens and biota, as well as to the world population, 10 years after the Fukushima accident Details transport of radionuclides in terrestrial and ocean environments, describing how to apply this information to ocean global circulation models and quantify radionuclide contamination of coastal regions Assesses future trends in radioactive contamination of the Fukushima site
Nitrogen Assessment: Pakistan as a Case-Study provides a detailed overview of issues and challenges related to nitrogen use and overuse, thus serving as a reference for researchers in Pakistan and providing important insights for other geographic regions. Excess and inefficient nitrogen use in crops and livestock sectors is polluting our rivers, seas, atmosphere, and ecosystems, contributing to climate change, hampering biodiversity, and contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion. This book covers the importance of nitrogen in relation to food security, human health, and economic stability in South Asia. It also discusses nitrogen status, sources, sinks, and drivers of nitrogen use in Pakistan, focusing on current nitrogen measures and policies. Nitrogen pollution is one of the biggest challenges of 21st Century, and the international scientific community is beginning to recognize the significance of nitrogen pollution and to explore how to combat it. The editors'' institution, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, partners with South Asia Nitrogen Hub, which includes about 30 organizations from South Asia and UK working on nitrogen assessment, budgeting, awareness, and policy guidance, as well as possible measures to reduce nitrogen pollution. Nitrogen Assessment: Pakistan as a Case-Study provides an important guide to this work and is written in a way that is accessible to an audience with a wide range of experience from advanced students to seasoned researchers. Presents an excellent compilation of research-based findings in the first comprehensive assessment of nitrogen use in Pakistan Offers a detailed and comprehensive compilation of data and content from a variety of sources Analyzes important translational insights for other geographic regions seeking to maximize nutrient use efficiency
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices by Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing presents the design, manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications of TPMS structures fabricated by selective laser additive manufacturing technology. The title explains these complex and useful structures based on systematic work in the UK and China. Sections introduce structure design methods, assess TPMS structures, explain mathematical their modeling, present the manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties of metal uniform TPMS structures, discuss manufacturing and mechanical responses for functionally graded TPMS structures, give numerical analysis methods for predicting the mechanics of uniform and functionally graded TPMS structures, and more. Presents the state-of-the art in triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures by surface laser melting (SLM) Describes how to assess manufacturability of TPMS structures by additive manufacturing (AM) Analyzes the mechanical properties of TPMS structures through experimental and numerical methods Details topology optimization for pore size Gives fatigue fracture mechanics for TPMS structures
Engineered Polymeric Fibrous Materials explains cutting edge techniques for the engineering of fibrous materials from physical, mechanical, and chemical points of view. Both conventional and nanofibers are described in this uniquely comprehensive book, for a wide range of applications including biomedical, automotive, aerospace, agriculture, energy, and environmental. This book refers to recent advances made in both academia and industry, in topics such as fiber-reinforced composites, fibrous thermal insulators, drug delivery and tissue engineering, and smart textiles and energy, and explains how fibrous structures are engineered to offer new solutions to important problems. The first two chapters provide basic introductory information to allow a wider range of readers to engage with the book.Addresses hot emerging topics including smart materials, wearable energy harvesters, and solar fuel productionIncludes valuable technical advice that is useful to industries including aerospace, biomedical, and energyCovers the full lifecycle of the material, from processing and treatment through to end usage
Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors summarizes the most recent research and practice in tritium technologies for the processing of hydrogen isotopes in fuel cycles. Authors Dr. Perevezentsev and Professor Rozenkevich combine their wealth of first-hand experience to present this comprehensive guide which promotes the best radiation protection practices and a more sustainable way to produce power in a thermonuclear reactor plant. Applicable to both magnetic and inertial confinements of plasma, this book covers tritium processing systems, tritium recovery from the plasma chamber, and various safety systems devoted to lessening the impact on the public and environment. The readers are also led through various modeling techniques, such as the separation of hydrogen isotopes, and the detritiation of liquid and gaseous streams in dynamic and steady state operation modes. This book is a practical guide which includes various case studies and examples which will help solidify the reader''s learning. It combines the latest research of tritium technologies with applications for fusion nuclear reactors, and includes solutions and directions for the resolution of various common challenges faced. Engineers, researchers, and students of tritium technologies, fusion energy, and nuclear power generation will gain a detailed and integrated understanding of how tritium can be used within a nuclear setting, for cleaner and more efficient power generation.Guides the reader through problem solving via step-by-step processes and models Includes case studies and examples throughout, from two of the most recognized experts in the field with firsthand knowledge of the subject Presents a comprehensive, practical reference on the tritium fuel cycle for fusion reactors
Chemistry of 2-Oxoaldehydes and 2-Oxoacids offers complete coverage on 2-oxoaldehydes and 2-oxoacid, which to date have not been covered in a comprehensive manner. Novel reactions related to 2-oxoaldehydes and 2-oxoacids on keto and aldehydic groups (both participating separately or in combination), decarboxylative reactions, spectral analysis and diverse applications are explored. The book is divided into two parts, with the first outlining methods for the preparation and physical properties of 2-Oxoaldehydes, along with the structure, spectral characteristics and reactivity of 2-Oxoaldehydes. The second part covers the preparation and physical properties of 2-Oxoacids and the synthesis of many related reactions. This book is essential reading for researchers working on these types of reactions in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, natural product chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. Covers various synthetic procedures for the synthesis of 2-Oxoaldehydes and 2-Oxoacids Provides information about different types of reactions, such as C-H activation reactions, coupling reactions, decarboxylative reactions, and nucleophilic reactions for the synthesis of different biologically active compounds Includes the use of 2-Oxoaldeehyde and 2-Oxoacid as the starting point for the synthesis of different synthons that can be used for various medicinally important compounds
Multiphase Polylactide Blends: Toward a Sustainable and Green Environment guides the reader through fundamentals, science, preparation, and key areas of innovation in polylactide (PLA) blends. Bio-based polymers, and notably PLA, have not only gained increasing interest as a more sustainable alternative but also bring challenges in terms of mechanical, rheological, thermal and physical properties, processability, shapability, and foamability. The use of blends looks to address these, with the development of new types of economically viable and environmentally friendly systems. This is a valuable book for academic researchers, scientists, and graduate students across bio-based polymers, polymer science, chemistry, and materials science, as well as engineers, R&D professionals, and all those in industry with interest in PLA-based blends, biopolymers, and sustainable materials and products. More specifically, the first three chapters of this book overview the fundamentals of thermoplastic polymers, polymer blends, and structure and properties of PLA. These chapters could technically be used as a valuable textbook on the noted topics. The rest of the chapters inclusively study the fundamentals, investigations, and achievements in PLA-based blends with various types of polymers. These include miscible blends of poly L-lactide and poly D-lactide, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics and elastomers, PLA-based ternary blends and blend nanocomposites, as well as PLA-based blend foams. Overall, this book provides a thorough and critical overview of the state of the art in PLA-based blends, including significant past and recent advances, with the aim of supporting and shaping further research and industrial application of these materials for the development of a green and sustainable future.Overviews the fundamentals of thermoplastic polymers, polymer blends, and the structure and properties of PLA.Provides detailed coverage of the fundamentals and science of PLA blends, including phase miscibility, thermal and mechanical properties, interface and rheological properties, the use of compatibilizers, and phase morphological analysis.Offers a thorough critical overview of the state of the art in processing and development of PLA-based blends, addressing key challenges and future perspectives.Covers the latest advances, including PLA-based ternary blends, blend nanocomposites, and PLA-based blend microcellular foams.
Advances in Computers, Volume 123 presents innovations in computer hardware, software, theory, design and applications, with this updated volume including new chapters on Downlink Resource Allocations of Satellite-Airborne-Terrestrial Networks Integration, Evaluating Software Testing Techniques: A Systematic Mapping Study, The Screening Phase in Systematic Reviews: Can we speed up the process?, A Survey on Cloud-Based Video Streaming Services, and User Behavior-Ensemble Learning based Improving QoE Fairness in HTTP Adaptive Streaming over SDN approach.Contains novel subject matter that is relevant to computer scienceIncludes the expertise of contributing authorsPresents an easy to comprehend writing style
Inter-Organellar Ca2+ Signaling in Health and Disease - Part A, Volume 362, the latest release in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authorsPresents the latest release in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology seriesUpdated release includes the latest information on the topic of Inter-Organellar Ca2+ Signaling in Health and Disease - Part A
Novel Approaches to Colorectal Cancer, Volume 151 in the Advances in Cancer Research series, is composed of 11 reviews covering state-of-the-art research relating to the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The book''s chapters were written by recognized experts in the field, and include sections on molecular biomarkers in diagnosis and therapy, the interplay of diet, lifestyle, and the microbiome, early-age onset disease, mutational signature analysis, challenges in early detection, immunotherapy, organoid technology, the role of epigenetic alterations, disparities in minority populations, field carcinogenesis, and cancer as an evolutionary process. Each of these topics provides novel insights and concepts on various aspects of the nature of colorectal cancer, offering new opportunities for the management of a major source of cancer incidence and mortality.Provides information on the timely nature of the included topics, which represent the most current concepts and approaches in cancer researchOffers outstanding and original reviews on colorectal cancer researchProvides the authority and expertise of the authors, all of whom are highly recognized and conducting state-of-the-art investigations in cancer, with this release focusing on colorectal cancer
Laser powder bed fusion of metals is a technology that makes use of a laser beam to selectively melt metal powder layer-by-layer in order to fabricate complex geometries in high performance materials. The technology is currently transforming aerospace and biomedical manufacturing and its adoption is widening into other industries as well, including automotive, energy, and traditional manufacturing. With an increase in design freedom brought to bear by additive manufacturing, new opportunities are emerging for designs not possible previously and in material systems that now provide sufficient performance to be qualified in end-use mission-critical applications. After decades of research and development, laser powder bed fusion is now enabling a new era of digitally driven manufacturing. Fundamentals of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals will provide the fundamental principles in a broad range of topics relating to metal laser powder bed fusion. The target audience includes new users, focusing on graduate and undergraduate students; however, this book can also serve as a reference for experienced users as well, including senior researchers and engineers in industry. The current best practices are discussed in detail, as well as the limitations, challenges, and potential research and commercial opportunities moving forward.Presents laser powder bed fusion fundamentals, as well as their inherent challenges Provides an up-to-date summary of this advancing technology and its potentialProvides a comprehensive textbook for universities, as well as a reference for industryActs as quick-reference guide
Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth''s History incorporates new findings on taxonomy, classification and biostratigraphy of foraminifera. Foraminifera offer the best geochemical proxies for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment interpretation. The study of foraminifera was promoted by oil exploration due to its exceptional use in subsurface stratigraphy. A rapid technological development in the past 20 years in the field of imaging microfossils and in geochemical microanalysis have added novel information about foraminifera. Foraminiferal Micropaleontology for Understanding Earth''s History builds an understanding of biology, morphology and classification of foraminifera for its varied applications. In the past two decades, a phenomenal growth has occurred in geochemical proxies in shells of foraminifera, and as a result, crucial information about past climate of the earth is achieved. Foraminifera is the most extensively used marine microfossils in deep-time reconstruction of the earth history. Its key applications are in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate interpretation, paleoceanography, and biostratigraphy to continuously improve the Geologic Time Scale. Provides an overview of the Earth history as witnessed and evidenced by foraminiferaDiscusses a variety of geochemical proxies used in reconstruction of environment, climate and paleobiology of foraminiferaPresents a new insight into the morphology and classification of foraminifera by modern tools of x-ray microscopy, quantitative methods, and molecular research
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