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Patricia Crone reassesses one of the most widely accepted dogmas in contemporary accounts of the beginnings of Islam: the supposition that Mecca was a trading center. In addition, she seeks to elucidate sources on which we should reconstruct our picture of the birth of the new religion in Arabia.

Although scholars have often made inferences about the Greek texts that lay behind the Old Syriac and Peshitta versions of the Gospels, very few have ever attempted to formulate systematic rules for such inferences.

A stirring collection of fifteen articles, many of which have been previously published by the author who is a feminist Jew. The author unabashedly confronts difficult biblical and midrashic texts, without taking an apologetic stance.

Abu'l Ala al-Maarri (973-1057) was one of Islam's most famous poets and philosophers, and one of Baghdad's leading intellectuals. In this book, Henry Baerlein brings out the life and genius of this poet and gives samples of his works in English translation.

W. Warde Fowler's book gives a detailed commentary on Roman religious festivals for each month of the year, covering both public and non-public worship.

This volume offers a reinterpretation of the history of religion and ritual that developed in ancient Israel.

A contemporaneous and religiously meaningful retelling of biblical stories by a feminist who looks at intimate lives of people inhabiting the Bible. She rediscovers a past in which biblical women actively participated and suggests women's leadership might lead to a better world.

Browning's acclaimed biography of this extraordinary and enigmatic couple includes every aspect of imperial administration and policy. It is the story of a peasant's son who becomes emperor and enthrones a dissolute actress beside him.

Using the Seven Ecumenical Councils as backbone, Hore provides the reader with an overview of the Greek Orthodox Church. Following the trials and difficulties of the early church after it received imperial approval, a sketch of the Greek Church, including the "separatist" Churches, emerges.

This standard edition of the Chronicle, composed in AD 507, is considered one of the most valuable authorities for the period with which it deals. The manuscript from which the text is derived is a palimpsest copied between 907 and 944.

Evidence of the identity of the Nestorians, and an account of their manners, customs, and ceremonies, are paired with sketches of travel in ancient Assyria, Armenia, Media, and Mesopotamia, in this informative and colorful history book. (World History)

This book effectively argues for greater British involvement in Egypt. In 1920, Milner headed a commission to Egypt that recommended Egyptian independence, but the British Cabinet rejected the recommendation.

This book is one of the most reliable sources on the beginnings of Islamic statehood. It covers the wars of Prophet Muhammad, the ridda wars, the conquests of Syria, Armenia, Egypt, the Maghrib, and lastly, the occupation of Iraq and Persia.

A brilliant history of the land into which more historical and cultural events were crowded than perhaps into any area of equal size. For Syria has invented or transmitted to mankind such benefits as monotheistic religion, philosophy, law, trade, agriculture, and the alphabet.

Tristram says "In the belief that this field was not yet exhausted, I spent, accompanied by a small party of friends, in 1863-4, a period of nearly ten months in the examination chiefly of the geology and natural history of the country."

Setting aside the question of the "reality" of Horace's Epistles Book 1, this work investigates its "epistolarity, " i.e. the many epistolary features that, in view of the consistency with which they are developed, determine the generic affiliation of the letters.

The present study deals with the works of the Palestinian anti-Chalcedonian hagiographer John Rufus and traces the basic motives behind the opposition against the council of Chalcedon in the fifth century through an attempt to reconstruct a specific anti-Chalcedonian culture. (World History)

The Sentences of the Syriac Menander appears in two Syriac manuscripts in the British Library, a full version in one codex, and a far shorter version, only a small fraction thereof, in another.

In this work, Gibson provides one particular text of the Acts of the Apostles, as well as those of the Minor Catholic Epistles, based on an eighth or ninth century manuscript, preserved at the Convent of St. Catharine in Sinai. The volume also includes a treatise on the Triune nature of God, with an English translation.

The main Neo-Aramaic-English dictionary for the dialects spoken by the "Eastern Syrians [Assyrians & Chaldeans]", including illustrations from the dialects of the Jews of Zakhu and Azerbaijan, and of the Western Syrians of Tur Abdin and Ma'lula.

O'Leary gives a survey of the Syriac Church and its Fathers based on lectures delivered in Bristol University College. They were intended to serve as an introduction to Syriac literature.