Böcker utgivna av Hayle Medical

The condition in which a blood clot is formed within a blood vessel is known as thrombosis. It obstructs the blood flow through the circulatory system. The two primary types of thrombosis are venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis. Venous thrombosis occurs in the veins and results in the congestion of the affected body part. Arterial thrombosis impacts the supply of the blood and could also lead to tissue damage. Anticoagulation, antiplatelet drugs, thrombolysis and surgery are some common methods for treating thrombosis. The various advances in the treatment of thrombosis are glanced at in this book and their applications and ramifications are looked at in detail. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques of assessment of this condition. Students, researchers, doctors and hematologists will benefit alike from this book.

The decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen is known as anemia. The common symptoms of anemia include tiredness, weakness, confusion, shortness of breath, poor concentration and poor ability to exercise. Blood loss, impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction and fluid overload are some of the causes of anemia. Microcytic anemia, macrocytic anemia and normocytic anemia are the main types of anemia based on the size of the red blood cells along with the amount of hemoglobin in them. Assessment of the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin level is required to diagnose anemia. This book unravels the recent studies in this medical condition. It explores all the important aspects of anemia in the present day scenario. This book is an essential guide for clinicians, doctors and medical students.

Hepatology is a branch of medicine concerned with the study of the gallbladder, liver, biliary tree and pancreas, and their associated disorders. The management of diseases related to viral hepatitis and alcohol is an important domain of hepatology. Nearly 2 billion people have been infected with hepatitis B virus at some stage in their life, while around 350 million people are carriers. Hepatitis B and C viruses are associated with up to 80% of liver cancers. Such widespread infection is increasingly being countered by strict screening before blood transfusion and widespread vaccination. The scope of hepatology is wide and specialists in this domain may be involved in a number of diverse regimes, from drug overdose and liver disease to cancers and liver transplant. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of hepatology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.

The diagnosis, prevention and treatment of illnesses, injuries and diseases for the purpose of maintaining and improving health is known as health care. It is provided by health professionals. It plays a crucial role in the promotion of physical health, mental health and the wellbeing of people. Some of the common fields which fall under health care include physical therapy, pharmacy, optometry, dentistry, audiology, psychology, midwifery and occupational therapy. An organization of people, institutions and resources meant to deliver health care services to fulfil the health needs of people is called a health care system. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of health care. The various advancements in health care are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. For all those who are interested in health care, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The branch of economics which studies the issues related to the efficiency, value, behaviour, and effectiveness in the production and consumption of health and healthcare is known as health economics. It involves the study of the functioning of the healthcare systems and the health affecting behaviors. The maintenance and improvement of health by preventing, diagnosing and treating illness, injuries, and diseases is called health care. Government intervention, barriers to entry, asymmetric information, and the presence of a third-party agent are some of the main factors which distinguish health economics from other related branches. In healthcare, the physician is the third-party agent, who is responsible for making purchasing decisions including the prescription of medicines, tests and surgery. This book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of the economics of health and healthcare and its utmost significance in modern times. It explores all the important aspects of health economics and healthcare in the present day scenario. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with health economics and healthcare will benefit alike from this book.

Healthcare involves the maintenance and improvement of health with the help of proper diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, and other physical and mental impairments. Such care is usually provided by health professionals, including physicians, nurses, surgeons, midwives, nutritionists, etc. Several health care interventions are delivered outside of the health facilities. Some of these include the distribution of condoms, food safety surveillance and needle-exchange programs. The management and administration of health care is highly crucial in the delivery of health care services. Biomedical research, evidence-based practice and pharmaceutical research have contributed to the advancement of the health care sector. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to health care. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of health care. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a medical condition, which results in cell death in the brain due to poor blood flow. The blood flow is affected by some sort of bleeding and can affect the functioning of the brain. Dizziness, inability to move, problems in speaking, inability to feel one side of the body and loss of vision to one side are some of the major symptoms of a stroke. There are two primary categories of hemorrhagic stroke, namely, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhage refers to the internal bleeding of the brain caused by bleeding within the brain tissue or ventricular system. Subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to the bleeding outside the tissues of the brain but within the skull. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of hemorrhagic stroke. It strives to provide a fair idea about the pathophysiology and interventions related to this medical condition. The case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period is known as maternal health. It also includes other dimensions of health care, including prenatal care, postnatal care, preconception and family planning. It aims to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in women, and facilitate a positive and fulfilling experience for them. The field of medicine dealing with the care of newborn infants is known as neonatology. Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are the units of intensive care, which deal with the care of ill or premature newborn. The field of medicine that is focused on the management of the health issues related to the mother and fetus at the time of pregnancy is called perinatology. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to maternal health. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under maternal health and how such concepts have practical applications. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The time period during which one or more offspring develops inside the body of a woman is known as pregnancy. It can occur due to sexual intercourse or by assisted reproductive technology. Childbirth usually occurs in a period of around nine months. Some of the early symptoms of pregnancy include nausea, vomiting, missed periods, frequent urination and tender breasts. Pregnancy tests are most commonly used to detect a pregnancy. The ending of a pregnancy by the birth of baby or babies, leaving a woman's uterus by the vaginal passage or the caesarean section is known as childbirth. The topics included in this book on pregnancy and childbirth are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to pregnancy and childbirth. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students, doctors and researchers interested in these areas.

The distribution of health-related services and information by using electronic information system and telecommunication technologies is known as telehealth. It facilitates long distance patient/clinician contact, intervention, education, monitoring and remote admissions. Telehealth involves two or more clinicians discussing a case over video conference, client to practitioner online conference, physical therapy via digital monitoring instruments, and robotic surgery occurring through remote access. The use of information technology and telecommunication to provide clinical health care from a distance is known as telemedicine. It is useful in overcoming distance barriers and in improving access to the medical services, which are not usually available in distant rural areas. The topics included in this book on telemedicine and telehealth are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of these fields and their utmost significance in modern times. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in the fields of telemedicine and telehealth.

Abdominal surgery is a broad term encompassing a number of surgical procedures that involve the opening of the abdomen. These include appendectomy, inguinal hernia surgery, cesarean section, laparoscopy, exploratory laparoscopy, etc. There can arise complications during abdominal surgery, such as adhesions, shock, bleeding, paralytic ileus, infection, etc. Antibiotics, sterile technique, aseptic post-operative care and vigilant post-operative monitoring can reduce such complications. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of abdominal surgery. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing practices and procedures of abdominal surgery are examined in detail in this book. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying this field as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

Pregnancy is the period in which an offspring develops within a woman's body. Childbirth occurs about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period. This period is typically divided into three trimesters. Prenatal care helps to improve pregnancy outcomes. It may include avoiding certain substances such as drugs, alcohol and nicotine, practicing healthy habits such as regular exercise and good nutrition, and opting for regular physical examinations, etc. Certain complications such as gestational diabetes, severe nausea and vomiting, and iron-deficiency anemia are fairly common in pregnancies. Nearly 10-15% of pregnancies end in miscarriages. This is because of obstructed labor, ectopic pregnancy, complications associated with ectopic pregnancy, bleeding, infections, etc. The newborn baby can also suffer from prematurity, birth trauma, infections and from a lack of oxygen at birth. Internal and external fetal monitoring can be done for the assessment of fetal well-being. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex principles and practices of care in pregnancy and childbirth. It presents the complex subject of pregnancy and childbirth in the most comprehensible language. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about these domains.

Gynecology is the medical practice associated with the female reproductive system comprising of the ovaries, vagina and the uterus, along with the breasts. The examination of the reproductive system may involve an examination of the cervix using a speculum, evaluation of the pelvis using a rectovaginal examination, and investigation of abnormalities through an abdominal or vaginal ultrasound. Some of the conditions dealt by a gynecologist include amenorrhea, infertility, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, UTI, cancer and precancerous diseases of the ovaries, etc. Medical management of such conditions may involve both surgical and medical therapies, according to the problems under treatment. Some common surgical procedures are hysterectomy, dilation and curettage, tubal ligation, appendectomy, exploratory laparotomy, etc. Drug therapies such as antihypertensives, antibiotics, diuretics and antiemetics may be recommended for pre-operative and post-operative management. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of gynecology and the recent researches in this field. The various specializations of gynecology along with clinical progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying gynecology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

The inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the stomach and small intestine, is known as gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea. Vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, lack of energy, fever and abdominal pain are some of its common symptoms. Viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus and norovirus, and bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella and Escherichia coli are some of the causes of gastroenteritis. Assessment of the stool, serum glucose, electrolytes and kidney function are some common ways to diagnose gastroenteritis. Oral rehydration therapy and the intake of medicines like, metoclopramide, ondansetron and butylscopolamine are helpful. This book explores new techniques and their applications for the clinical assessment and management of gastroenteritis. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The branch of medicine concerned with the functioning of the digestive system along with the disorders affecting it, is known as gastroenterology. Hepatology is concerned with the functioning of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and biliary tree. It studies the diseases and disorders related to them. Hepatology and gastroenterology are closely related fields of medicine. Colonoscopy, endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, liver biopsy are some of the common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed by gastroenterologists. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of gastroenterology, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It also unravels the recent studies in the field of hepatology. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying gastroenterology and hepatology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends.

The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the assimilation of food and expulsion of wastes in the form of feces. Various organs are responsible for these functions, including mouth, the esophagus, stomach and intestines. Gastrointestinal surgery can be classified into two parts, i.e., upper gastrointestinal surgery and lower gastrointestinal surgery. Upper gastrointestinal surgery is the practice of surgery which focuses on the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Lower gastrointestinal surgery is the type of surgery which is concerned with colorectal surgery and the surgery of the small intestine. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of gastrointestinal surgery. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. Researchers, doctors and students in the field of gastroenterology will be assisted by this book.

Thyroid disease is the medical condition in which the function of the thyroid gland is significantly affected. Thyroid diseases can be of four types, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, structural abnormalities and tumors. The treatment of such disorders is generally achieved through medication, surgery and radioiodine therapy. Patients suffering from hypothyroidism may be prescribed levothyroxine or natural thyroid hormone derived from pigs, while thioamide drugs, like propylthiouracil, methimazole or carbimazole, are recommended for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. Thyroid tumors are generally dealt with radioactive iodine. Radioiodine therapy is intended for shrinking the size of the thyroid gland, such as in the case of large goiters. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around thyroid diseases. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the various assessment and intervention strategies of thyroid diseases. For all those who are interested in this field, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The pancreas is an organ, which has both an endocrine and an exocrine function. It secretes several important hormones such as insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin. Also, it is responsible for the secretion of pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonates for the break down of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and the neutralization of the acid. A perforation of the pancreas may potentially lead to pancreatic self-digestion and damage to organs within the abdomen. Some of the pathological conditions of the pancreas include pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, etc. The surgical removal of the pancreas or part of it is known as pancreatectomy. It can be of several types such as distal pancreatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, total pancreatectomy and segmental pancreatectomy. These procedures are performed for the management of pancreatic cancer, tumor and pancreatitis. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around pancreatic pathology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, for the regulation of the metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. When cells fail to respond to the secretion of the hormone insulin, a pathological condition known as insulin resistance arises. In this, the body's cells are resistant to insulin and therefore unable to use it efficiently. This leads to high blood sugar. To counter that, the beta cells increase insulin production, thereby increasing the blood insulin level. These factors combine to contribute to the incidence of Type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. A high intake of carbohydrates and in particular fructose has been linked with insulin resistance. It may also develop in patients who have recently undergone bariatric or abdominal procedures. The primary treatment for this condition involves exercise and weight loss. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide a clinical perspective of insulin resistance. The various advancements in the understanding of insulin resistance are glanced at and their implications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this area of research will benefit alike from this book.

Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders affecting the human body, characterized by high levels of blood sugar for long periods of time. If untreated, it can cause complications, which may be acute such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state or diabetic ketoacidosis, or serious long-term complications like chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, damage to the eyes, stroke, etc. Insulin is the hormone that is responsible for the uptake of glucose from blood and its transfer throughout the cells of the body. Any deficiency of insulin or any insensitivity of insulin receptors can cause diabetes mellitus. There is no known cure of this disease but it can be managed by regulating the blood sugar levels through regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet and through the right use of medications, such as insulin injections and oral medications. Certain factors that tend to elevate the negative effects of diabetes such as elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, etc. need to be managed. Specialized footwear is used to prevent ulceration or re-ulceration. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It is a resource guide for experts as well as students.

Metabolic syndrome is the combination of three or more medical conditions, including high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides, central obesity and low serum high-density lipoprotein. This condition increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 20-25% of the world's adult population is afflicted by metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is an active area of medical research. The underlying cause is believed to be a disorder of energy storage and utilization. The commonly associated risk factors of metabolic disorders include sedentary behavior, genetics, diet, aging, etc. Recent research points to the contribution of prolonged chronic stress to metabolic syndrome. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different aspects of metabolic syndrome. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on metabolic syndrome have been included herein. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying this disorder as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in the neck, which secretes thyroid hormones. These are responsible for protein synthesis and maintenance of the metabolic rate of the body. The thyroid is susceptible to a number of diseases. The conditions of the thyroid gland can be classified into five types- hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, structural abnormalities, benign or cancerous tumors and abnormal thyroid function without clinical symptoms. The gland can develop several nodules. Thyroid nodules may either be hyperplasia or a thyroid neoplasm. Goitres can be uninodular or multinodular or can be diffuse. For the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, the examination of the thyroid gland is crucial. This includes the search for abnormal masses and assessment of thyroid size. Systemic signs such as hair loss, weight gain or loss, swelling of the calves and protrusion of the eyes are some symptomatic signs of an underlying thyroid condition. Hypothyroidism affects around 3-10% adults, with women and the elderly being the most affected. It is estimated that one-third of the world's population has low iodine levels in diet, resulting in high prevalence of goiter. Depending on the diagnosis, medication, surgery and radioiodine therapy may be used for the treatment of thyroid disease. This book explores all the important aspects of thyroid disease in the present day scenario. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing the understanding of thyroid function and pathology are examined in detail. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of over 30 kg/m2. In this condition, excess fat accumulates in the body over time until it starts having an overall adverse effect on the health. Apart from BMI, waist-hip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors are other markers used for evaluating an obese condition. Clinically, obesity may be categorized as class I, II and III, or severe, morbid or super obesity. The chief treatment for obesity consists of physical exercise and dieting. For short-term benefit, a low carbohydrate diet is considered beneficial while in the long term, all low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets are equally beneficial. Certain medications are also recommended for long-term use, such as lorcaserin, orlistat, phentermine-topiramate, liraglutide, etc. However, the associated side effects of such medicine are also quite significant. Bariatric surgery is considered an effective treatment for obesity and may include procedures such as laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, vertical-sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the evaluation and treatment of obesity. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The pancreas is an important organ of the body, critical for digestion and endocrine function. Pancreatic surgery is performed either to address conditions causing inflammation such as pancreatitis or to treat tumors. Pancreatitis may either be acute or chronic, and may require surgery when pancreatic tissue atrophies or becomes infected. Pancreatic tumors can be benign or malignant. The surgical management of these typically involves removing the diseased section of the pancreas. The most common form of pancreatic surgery is Whipple surgery, which is done to remove cancerous tumors from the head of the pancreas. Pancreas transplantation may be performed in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient. After the successful completion of pancreatic surgery, post-surgical difficulties may arise which require careful monitoring by a health care team. This book provides comprehensive insights into the clinical principles and practices of pancreatic surgery. It will also provide interesting topics for research, which interested readers can take up. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Patients who require dedicated care and monitoring along with life-saving support are treated within the domain of intensive care medicine. It is a technologically advanced, expensive and resource-intensive area of medical care. A daily plan comprising of observation, intervention and impression with respect to the vital systems of a patient is implemented in an intensive care strategy. Such care is provided in critical care units. Some of the equipment used in such units are hemodynamic and cardiac monitoring systems, ventricular assist devices, intra-aortic balloon pumps, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits, continuous renal replacement equipment, etc. Such equipment facilitate mechanical ventilation, hemofiltration, drug infusion and total parenteral nutrition, among others. Nutrition in the intensive care unit is another significant aspect of such care. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital principles and practices of intensive care. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Critical and intensive care is concerned with the life support and monitoring provided to individuals with life-threatening conditions. Such care is particularly significant in patients with airway or respiratory compromise, instability, acute renal failure, multiple organ failure or potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias. An important criterion for the facilitation of intensive care to patients is that the condition is potentially reversible and that the patient can survive. Critical care adopts a system-by-system approach to medicine with emphasis on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, hematology, respiratory system, endocrine system, gastro-intestinal tract, renal system, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the practice of critical and intensive care. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on critical care medicine have been included in this book. For all those who are interested in critical and intensive care medicine and nursing, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The disorders of the endocrine system are known as endocrine disorders. Major endocrine glands are the pineal and the pituitary glands, the thymus, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, the pancreas and the ovary and the testes. Endocrine disorders include endocrine gland hypersecretion that leads to excessive hormone production, endocrine gland hyposecretion which leads to hormone deficit, and benign or malignant tumors of the endocrine glands. When abnormal chemical reactions occur in the body and alters the normal metabolic process of the body, it results in a metabolic disorder. It is an inherited genetic condition that creates an enzyme deficiency. The symptoms of metabolic disorders can be categorized as acute, progressive general, late-onset acute and permanent. Some common symptoms are weight loss, lethargy, seizures and jaundice. This book contains some path-breaking studies related to endocrine and metabolic disorders. It unravels the recent studies in the diagnosis, prevention and management of these disorders. For all readers who are interested in these domains, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

The condition in which high blood sugar levels persist over prolonged periods of time in the human body is known as diabetes or diabetes mellitus (DM). Some of its symptoms are increased thirst and hunger, unintended weight loss and frequent urination. These symptoms may vary for Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Headache, blurred vision, fatigue and itchy skin may also occur. Diabetic emergencies can arise in cases of severe drops in blood sugar levels, diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. DM can also result in long-term complications, such as damage to the eyes, nerves and kidneys, diabetes-related foot problems, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from basic science to clinical practice in the field of diabetes. From theories to research, case studies related to all medical aspects of relevance have been included herein. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

In healthcare, an important treatment for patients with severe life-threatening conditions and injuries is provided by critical and intensive care units. A combination of close monitoring, constant care, life support using specialized equipment, and specific medications help to ensure health and normal bodily functions. Patients are generally treated for trauma, sepsis, multiple organ failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients who have undergone highly invasive surgical procedures and are at risk of complications, or patients with rapidly deteriorating health conditions are eligible for critical care. Dedicated nursing is integral to critical care. Performing assessment of critical conditions, operating and maintaining life support systems, providing intensive therapy and medications, ensuring adequate tissue and organ perfusion are crucial aspects of critical care nursing. This book brings forth some of the most innovative practices and elucidates the unexplored aspects of critical care. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Critical care medicine is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and management of critical health issues, which may require advanced life support and dedicated monitoring. The ultimate goal of life support is to sustain life, while the underlying diseases or injury is being evaluated or treated. Some of the diverse therapies and techniques involved in the care of patients in intensive care are mechanical ventilation, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dialysis, total parenteral nutrition, etc. The care of premature or ill newborn infants is undertaken in a neonatal intensive care unit. Administration of high-risk medications and antibiotics, management of infants requiring ventilator support, surgical care and resuscitation, etc. are crucial to neonatal critical care. There are psychiatric intensive care units in psychiatric wards. These are designed to care for patients who pose a degree of risk to themselves or others. Patients are cared for in such units until their mental state is stable. Critical care is an upcoming field of medicine that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of critical care and the recent researches in this field. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this field.