Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most important thiol in living organisms. It is the key component of antioxidant system and serves as a free radical scavenger. There is a cycle of GSH in biological systems and this cycle provides higher intracellular levels of GSH. GSH depletion and apparent oxidative stress may cause toxicity and can affect the general well-being of the organism. GSH was shown to be preventive against aging, cancer, heart disease, infections and dementia. This book is mainly focused on GSH in health and disease. The readers will gain qualified scientific knowledge on the diverse functions of GSH, the importance of GSH status against oxidative stress and the interaction between GSH and nervous system-related infections from this book.
Mangrove Ecosystem Ecology and Function deals with several aspects of mangrove science, as well as conservation, management, and related policies. The book is divided into six sections and structured into 10 chapters. The first section discusses mangrove ecology, structure, and function; the second section explains mangrove physiology related to salt accumulation; the third section focuses on mangrove polychaetes; the fourth section talks about the bioprospect of mangrove microbes; the fifth section discusses soil geochemistry; and the sixth section elucidates mangrove management and conservation. Researchers from different countries and fields of mangrove ecosystem exploration have contributed their findings. This book would be an ideal source of scientific information to graduate students, advanced students, researchers, scientists, and stakeholders involved in mangrove ecosystem research.
The chemical basis of human emotions has been an exciting aspect in biology. The "feel-good chemical" dopamine (DA) is a hormone and also a neurotransmitter, which performs a critical role in reward and movement control in the brain. DA also performs multiple other functions outside the brain. Regulating unrelated critical biological functions makes this chemical a vital factor for sustaining life in both health and disease. Dopamine - Health and Disease is an endeavour with an objective to understand and appreciate the biological functions of DA in human wellbeing and its potential utility in biomedical research. This effort will supplement scientific and non-scientific communities in stimulating a critical understanding of the biological purpose of "ticklish" DA, which eventually supports the human relentless effort to reduce the burden of disease. As the most exciting molecule,dopamine directly impacts day-to-day life. Anyone who has an eye for health and disease-related concepts will find this book a good read.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) currently ranks as the third most common cause of death. As the primary malignancy of the liver is directly related to an underlying liver condition, its incidence and profile are expected to change soon. While effective prevention programs and antiviral therapies for hepatitis B and C will lower the incidence of HCC, emerging socioeconomic issues will deliver new at-risk populations. Moreover, diagnostic techniques and protocols have undergone significant advancements. Reliance on contrast enhanced ultrasound has been re-evaluated, imaging methods being considered as sufficient diagnostic tools. Molecular characterization remains desirable, since chemotherapeutic agents still have limited applicability. In light of recent diagnostic advancements and novel therapeutic solutions, it is our belief that a comprehensive update on recent paradigm shifts and interesting upcoming developments is highly needed.
The endothelium enables communication between blood and tissues and is actively involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction has been recognized as an early step in the development of cardiovascular diseases: respectively, endothelium represents a potential therapeutic niche with multiple targets. The purpose of the book is to point out some recent findings of endothelial physiology and pathophysiology emphasizing various aspects of endothelial dysfunction connected to the body's internal and external environment. While basic features of the endothelium are presented in an introductory chapter, the authors of the following 17 chapters have provided extensive insight into some selected topics of endothelial (dys)function. The book would hopefully be useful for anyone interested in recapitulating endothelial (patho)physiology and expanding knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, relevant also for further clinical investigations.
The genus Brassica L. of the family Brassicaceae has a vital role in agriculture and human health. The genus comprises several species, including major oilseed and vegetable crops with promising agronomic traits. Brassica secondary products have antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Characterization of Brassica is important for providing information on domestication, propagation and breeding programs, as well as conservation of plant genetic resources. This book highlights the current knowledge of the genus Brassica L. in order to understand its biology, diversity, conservation and breeding, as well as to develop disease-resistant and more productive crops. This book will be of interest to many readers, researchers and scientists, who will find this information useful for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of Brassica breeding programs.
In this book, Vitamin E in Health and Disease, the chapter by Dr Lisa Schmölz et al., The Hepatic Fate of Vitamin E, includes the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E, its storage, release, distribution, and its effects on the metabolism in great detail, as well as its effect on the prevention of diseases, in addition to its role in anti-aging. The chapter by Dr Rusu Anca Elena reports on the effect of vitamin E in patients with hemodialysis. In a similar manner, the chapter of Drs Rayan Ahmed and Paul W. Sylvester describe g-Tocotrienol, a natural isoform within the vitamin E family of compounds, which displays potent antiproliferative, apoptotic and reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition activity against breast cancer, employing treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell viability. The chapter by Milka Mileva and Angel S. Galabov describes how vitamin E could be recommended as a reliable agent, indeed as a component in multiorgan flu therapy. Last, Dr Juan José Godina-Nava et al. describe the cytoprotector effect of the 120-Hz electromagnetic fields in early hepatocarcinogenesis.
New powerful technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), have been evolving and are quickly becoming part of a worldwide emergent digital infrastructure. Spatial analysis is becoming more important than ever because enormous volumes of spatial data are available from different sources, such as social media and mobile phones. When locational information is provided, spatial analysis researchers can use it to calculate statistical and mathematical relationships through time and space. This book aims to demonstrate how computer methods of spatial analysis and modeling, integrated in a GIS environment, can be used to better understand reality and give rise to more informed and, thus, improved planning. It provides a comprehensive discussion of spatial analysis, methods, and approaches related to planning.
There are several teaching sports approaches for school-age sports practitioners. However, relatively few models have a substantial theoretical and scientific foundation. In this sense, the present work aims to serve as an introduction on which to support the didactical process of a Non-Linear Pedagogy of games teaching, as described in the first chapter. A comparison between the traditional approach of sports teaching and the Teaching Games for Understanding model within the Slovak Republic context is exposed. Subsequently, experience in the Sport Education model in Finland is presented. Then, research regarding teachers' experiences with the Cooperative Learning model at different ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds is developed. Finally, an example of the Non-Linear Pedagogy program is used in Malaysia.
This book is aimed at providing an overview of arthroscopic joint surgery involving major joints in the body. It discusses all aspects of arthroscopy including complex surgical procedures, feasibility of performing surgery as an OPD procedure, and complications associated with these surgeries. The chapters are organised in regional basis and presented in an easy-to-understand format. This book will benefit all sports medicine physicians, orthopaedic surgeons and trainees, physiotherapists, and all clinicians involved in treating joint diseases. The combination of the authors' shared experiences with facts and presentation of figures and photographs will help the reader in understanding the complex principles involved. This can be used as a text for an individual or a "must have" reference book for any medical library.
The propagation of hepatitis C from acute to chronic infection and afterward to end-stage liver diseases (hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) involves a highly orchestrated series of molecular and cellular events, including a plethora of genes and cell signaling cascades. The treatment paradigms was revolutionized after the development and approval of all oral interferon-free direct-acting antivirals achieving higher sustained virologic response rates in treated individuals. This book pragmatically overviews the intricate interplay between viral and host factors during hepatitis C virus infection progression, as well as other hepatitis C-associated clinical implications. Hepatitis C - From Infection to Cure also provides up-to-date information about hepatitis C cures for clinicians, physicians, and healthcare providers with an ample understanding of the current treatment horizon, as well as other investigational and emerging treatment strategies. The authors with their valuable scientific contributions belong to many eminent institutes around the world and are much experienced in hepatitis C virology, pathology, and therapeutics.
Polymorphism or variation in DNA sequence can affect individual phenotypes such as color of skin or eyes, susceptibility to diseases, and response to drugs, vaccines, chemicals, and pathogens. Especially, the interfaces between genetics, disease susceptibility, and pharmacogenomics have recently been the subject of intense research activity. This book is a self-contained collection of valuable scholarly papers related to genetic diversity and disease susceptibility, pharmacogenomics, ongoing advances in technology, and analytic methods in this field. The book contains nine chapters that cover the three main topics of genetic polymorphism, genetic diversity, and disease susceptibility and pharmacogenomics. Hence, this book is particularly useful to academics, scientists, physicians, pharmacists, practicing researchers, and postgraduate students whose work relates to genetic polymorphisms.
A fundamental part of modern technology is composed of devices that use special materials as main components. Since the last few decades of the last century and even more recently, a remarkable development has been achieved in new micro- and nanostructured materials with compositional structures and production methods that open unprecedented technological, economic, and ecological perspectives due to high yields, economies of scale, the possibility of reducing weight and size, and the low environmental impact of the equipment that contains them. This book offers a collection of excellent studies that use state-of-the-art methodologies developed by professional researchers from different countries in diverse areas of materials. In this way, this book is particularly useful to academics, scientists, practicing researchers, and postgraduate students whose work relates to the latest nanomaterial technologies.
Cement-based materials have been used by humans nearly since the dawn of civilization. The Egyptians used lime and gypsum cement to bind their aggregate materials, mud and straw, resulting in bricks that are used for building their famous Egyptian pyramids (between 3000 and 2500 BC). Hydrated cement is a cement material bonded together with water and used for building construction; it is characterized by acceptable chemical, physical, thermal, mechanical, and structural stability. It plays a main role in the creation of vessels for storage, roads to travel on, weather-resistant structure for protection, inert hard stabilizer for hazardous wastes, and so on. Due to the composition of these materials and their advantages, it has been practiced in different applications. Cement is an essential component of making concrete, the single most prevalent building material used worldwide for construction, skyscrapers, highways, tunnels, bridges, hydraulic dams, and railway ties. Besides their numerous desired properties, there are some undesirable features. To overcome these disadvantages, several studies were established to prepare, improve, and evaluate innovative cement-based materials. Despite its oldness and deep research, every year several methods and materials evolve and so do cement technology. This book intends to provide a comprehensive overview on recent advances in the evaluation of these materials.
This book is intended for academics and engineers working in universities, research institutes, and industry sectors wishing to acquire new information and enhance their knowledge of the current trends in wind turbine technology. Readers will gain new ideas and special experience with in-depth information about modeling, stability control, assessment, reliability, and future prospects of wind turbines. This book contains a number of problems and solutions that can be integrated into larger research findings and projects. The book enhances studies concerning the state of the art of wind turbines, modeling and intelligent control of wind turbines, power quality of wind turbines, robust controllers for wind turbines in cold weather, etc. The book also looks at recent developments in wind turbine supporting structures, noise reduction estimation methods, reliability and prospects of wind turbines, etc. As I enjoyed preparing this book, I am sure that it will be valuable for a large sector of readers.
The main aim of modern public health is to improve the quality of life and promote health for all. Public health deals with a wide range of individuals and collaborates with various organizations, departments, and agencies to improve health, forestall disease and promote well-being. The field of public health is constantly evolving in response to the needs of communities and populations that are facing demographic, epidemiological and technological challenges. To overcome these challenges, health professionals need to conduct research to generate evidence-based policies to improve the health of the community. Throughout the course of this book, a number of emerging and re-emerging public health issues from different countries are discussed and attempts are made to illustrate a balanced and evidence-based approach towards tackling major public health problems.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids contains research on the preparation, characterization, and potential applications of stable ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are a class of low- and stable-melting point, ionic compounds that have a variety of properties allowing many of them to be sustainable green solvents. It is promising novel research from top to bottom and has received a lot of interest over the last few decades. It covers the advanced topics of physical, catalytic, chemical, polymeric, and potential applications of ILs. This book features interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to the preparation, characterization, polymerization, and potential applications of ILs. This potentially unique work offers various approaches on the R
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