Böcker utgivna av Mdpi AG

This Special Issue, "Mathematical and Molecular Topology", is open for submissions and welcomes papers from a broad interdisciplinary area, since topology is concerned with the properties of objects that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling and bending. One of the oldest problems in topology is The Seven Bridges of Königsberg.Topology naturally finds application in all fields of engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine, business and even arts. The motivating insight behind topology is that some geometric problems depend not on the exact shape of the objects involved, but rather on the way they are put together.Circa 1750, Euler stated the polyhedron formula, V ¿ E + F = 2 (where V, E, and F respectively indicate the number of vertices, edges, and faces of the polyhedron), which may be regarded as the first theorem, signaling the birth of topology.Subjects included in topology are graph theory and algebraic topology.

Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today's environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.

This book comprises a collection of 20 articles that were accepted and published in the Special Issue titled " Recent Advances in Swarm Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications" of the MDPI journal Mathematics. These articles cover a wide range of topics related to swarm intelligence algorithms and their theories. The topics include improvements in algorithm mechanisms, fusion algorithms, multiobjective optimization, and the optimization of large-scale problems, as well as the application of swarm intelligence in various fields such as engineering optimization problems, vehicle swarm motion, viscoelastic Maxwell-type DVA, and deep learning.It is hoped that this book will be helpful for scholars engaged in the field of swarm intelligence and also suitable for researchers interested in staying updated with the latest advancements in swarm intelligence algorithms and their applications. Nowadays, swarm intelligence is closely intertwined with various aspects of life. This book aims to provide readers with an understanding of these developments and further expand the application boundaries of such algorithms.

The use of Advanced Oxidation Technologies (AOTs) for wastewater treatment is an important area of research which has not yet been fully exploited at an industrial level and has significant potential in the disposal of many industrial effluents. In particular, this includes effluents that are difficult to treat by conventional biological treatment processes. This reprint covers the latest advances in the field of wastewater treatment by Advanced Oxidation Technologies, with a focus on treatments based on photolysis, TiO2/solar light, ozone/ultraviolet irradiation, oxidant/ultraviolet irradiation, oxidant/catalyst/ultraviolet irradiation, high-energy electron beam irradiation (E-beam), sonication/photocatalysis, etc.

This reprint consists of scientific papers that had been published and covered the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of multifunctional nanomaterials. Smart nanoparticles with two or more engineered properties or characteristics make up multifunctional nanomaterials. These versatile nanomaterials have impressive structural and physical characteristics, which has expanded their industrial application. This reprint will be useful to academics, scientists, engineers, students, and industrial researchers.

In this book, we focus on health and wellbeing in the workforce within the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and the post-pandemic era. We begin by exploring the impacts of the pandemic on diverse occupational groups, considering the broader mental health impacts of the pandemic, reactions to national lockdowns and behavioural strategies to control the spread of the virus, such as social distancing and self-isolation, attitudes towards infection control and work presenteeism. Next, we explore the relationship between job factors, working conditions and psychological wellbeing of employees. The papers that follow examine changes in work patterns and locations, such as remote, hybrid, and on-site working, the impact of organizational climate on mental wellbeing, and organizational approaches to return-to-work after lockdown. Finally, we present innovative organizational- and individual-level pandemic mitigation interventions, including SARS-CoV-2 testing services and infection control approaches, digital mental health support, and COVID-19 Vaccine Education. This collection demonstrates the breadth of research on work, health and wellbeing, during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, covering workforce impacts and workforce interventions in various countries and settings. Learning from this research will help to build global preparedness for future pandemics and foster resilience for responding in times of crisis and uncertainty.

This Special Issue is dedicated to collating recent research on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica Peninsula region. This Issue also considers the spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water. Papers in this issue are focused on field research of the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. The main objects of the study are the properties of seawater, currents, ecosystems, and biological communities in the South Atlantic, the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, the Bransfield Strait, and the Antarctic Sound. The Antarctic marine ecosystem is unique in terms of its biodiversity and high productivity of the basic trophic levels of the ecosystem. This ecosystem is efficiently used by organisms such as seabirds, seals, and whales that feed on Antarctic krill.

The Special Issue Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, belonging to the section Engineering Mathematics of the Journal Mathematics, publishes original research papers involving advanced simulation and modeling techniques. The present book, "Modeling and Simulation in Engineering 2nd Edition, 2023", contains 13 papers accepted after peer review by recognized specialists in the field. The papers address different topics in engineering that use modeling, optimization as well as experimental and numerical methods. The subject of the papers addresses technical problems such as adaptive contoller design for non-linear systems, simulation of light scattering produced by special paints, estimation of the magnetic field produced by overhead power lines, angle estimation using inertial measurement units, study of multiple transfer phenomena in viscuous fluid flow, optimization of aircraft tail using numerical methods, the study of new types of adjustable speed drives, investigation of nano-fluid flow in different systems, metaheuristic methods applied for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems, as well as theoretical topics such as the use of surrogate models in optimization problems and characterization of structured singular values. It is hoped that the papers selected for thisSpecial Issue will attract a significant audience in the scientific community and will further stimulate research involving modelling and simulation in mathematical physics and in engineering.

The Special Issue aims to bring together scientists working in various branches of control theory to discuss manufacturing control problems that include the following: enterprise control and digital ecosystem creation; the development of identification theory and methodology, and related mathematical problems; parameter, nonparametric, and structure identification and expert analysis; problems regarding selection and data analysis; control systems with an identifier; modeling in intelligent systems; simulation procedures and software; digital identification; reinforcement learning; quantum modeling; intelligent model predictive control; predictive cognitive issues; problems with software quality for complex systems; and global network resources for support processes of modeling and control.

Nanomedicine is a special medical field focused on the application of nanotechnology to provide innovations for healthcare in different areas, including the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and auto-immune disorders. The field emerged during the 1980s, aligning with the approval of the first regulatory-agency-approved nanomedical oncological drugs. Additionally, nanotechnology has played a pivotal role in the development of mRNA vaccines utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, further establishing its enduring significance in the domains of science and biomedical innovation. The reasons for the use of nanotechnology in biomedicine can vary but are mostly the protection and/or delivery of bioactive molecules to target tissues. The general idea is to create nanoscopic platforms that can interact differently with biological systems, either through pharmacokinetic modifications or through the preferential activation of some biological pathway. The intricate biomolecular interactions that underlie the functioning of the biological system take place within the nanoscale. So, nanoparticles can be designed to be similar in size to key biological structures like large biomolecules or small organelles, enabling them to interact with biological systems in unique ways, which can improve the effects of drugs used in the treatment of certain diseases. In other words, highly distinct and improved biological effects can emerge from such interactions.

Weeds are the most important biological factor that affects yield in herbaceous and perennial crops. Nowadays, following the recommendations of government institutions and public opinion, there is an urgent need to search for sustainable weed management practices that have a low impact on the environment and on the health of living organisms. This book, established after closing the Special Issue "Sustainable Weed Management" edited by Dr. Alessia Restuccia and Dr. Aurelio Scavo, is a collection of papers (17 research articles and 1 review) related to the recent advancements in sustainable weed control methods and to the biotic and abiotic factors affecting weed adaptation.