Böcker utgivna av Murphy & Moore Publishing

The field of mechanics which focuses on the study of the propagation of cracks in materials is referred as fracture mechanics. It comprises the analysis of flaws that is used to discover which structures are safe and which ones are liable to propagate as cracks and thereby, resulting in the failure of the flawed structure. Safe operation of a structure can be achieved through damage tolerance analysis. The two kinds of fracture mechanics are linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Linear elastic fracture mechanics covers the concepts of Griffith's criterion, Irwin's modification, stress intensity factor, strain energy release and crack tip plastic zone. Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics focuses upon the concepts of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), R-curve, J-integral, cohesive zone model and transitions flaw size. This book will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. It studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of fracture mechanics and its utmost significance in modern times. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Managing marketing tasks with the help of digital services such as the Internet, mobile phones, display advertisements, etc. is known as digital marketing. Digital marketing uses tools such as social media marketing, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), content marketing, campaign marketing, Search Engine Marketing, SMS marketing, etc. Digital marketing offers multiple channels of interaction with potential customers and dynamic solutions to increase brand awareness. This book studies, analyses and uphold the pillars of digital marketing and its utmost significance in modern times. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The usage of calcium ions to drive intracellular processes and for communication is called calcium signaling. It is generally a step in signal transduction. Calcium can also function as second messengers wherein they fulfill tasks such as neuronal transmission, cellular motility, muscle contraction and cell growth. Within neurons, concomitant rise in mitochondrial and cytosolic calcium ions are integral to the synchronization of mitochondrial energy metabolism and neuronal electrical activity. However, high level of cytoplasmic calcium ion can cause the cell apostosis. The influx of calcium ions also triggers the development of the oocyte in numerous species. In the case of fish and echinoderms, this influx takes place as a single rise in concentration, while in mammals, the concentration oscillates. This book provides comprehensive insights into the research on calcium signaling. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging test which is non-invasive in nature, and makes use of light waves in order to take cross-section pictures of the retina. The different layers of the retina are visible through this technique. There are numerous eye conditions which can be diagnosed through optical coherence tomography. A few of them are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema and macular hole. The disorders of the optic nerve are also examined using this technique. The conditions which interfere with the passage of light through the eye cannot be diagnosed through optical coherence tomography, since it depends on light waves. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of optical coherence tomography. It strives to provide a fair idea about its clinical applications and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying ophthalmology as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.