This book deals with the basic aspects of landscape gardening including garden types and styles, principles, elements and garden components in detail and is well supported with illustrations and photographs for better clarity and easy understanding. It has been compiled especially for the students and it would also be useful to the landscape professionals, teachers as well as garden and nature lovers.
Canine mammary tumor is an important concern among both owners and veterinarians. Though frequency of mammary tumors varies in different species, canines are the most frequently affected ones, with prevalence about 3 times higher than humans.The book presents information on different types of canine mammary tumors and their features, symptoms, their predisposing factors and molecular marker-based diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. It also highlights many other advanced diagnostic techniques and current trends in therapeutics and surgery for their efficient clinical management.The work lays emphasis on the importance of immunotherapeutics and upcoming and improved vaccines to cure these tumors. It will be useful for veterinary clinicians, students and researchers for their overall awareness.
This book is an attempt to enlighten the learners and to inculcate, among them and other concerned persons, the importance and influence of cropping system on sustainable crop production. The smooth order, clear explanation and simple presentation are expected to help the readers understanding the subject in a better way.
The present book entitled "Physiological Disorders of Horticultural Crops: Causes and Management" provides a comprehensive knowledge of cause, symptoms and management of different physiological disorders in fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, condiments and plantation crops. The book contains adequate symptoms along with appropriate photographs about the physiological disorders of important horticultural crops and their adequate management practices. This book addresses the current issues that are divided in six sections:Section 1: Introduction to physiological disorders and its impact on horticultural crops; Section 2: Major physiological disorders of vegetable crops; Section 3: Major physiological disorders of fruit crops; Section 4: Major physiological disorders of flowers; Section 5: Major physiological disorders of plantation crops; Section 6: Major physiological disorders of spices and condiments.The above sections covered the comprehensive information on causes, symptoms and recent remedial measures of major physiological disorders of horticultural crops along with multiple choice questions answers and relevant appendices for better understanding.The book will serve as a useful guide for students, scientists, extension workers, farmers and others associated with the discipline of Horticulture.
Among the leading fruit producing countries in the world, India ranks second only after China. Fruits play pivotal role in mitigating nutritional requirement of the society as well as providing employment opportunity, especially in the agriculture dominated rural agrarian economy of the developing countries like India. In the age of Hi-tech Horticulture, introduction of new fruit crops resulted in the paradigm shift in fruit crop cultivation. Climatic chnages and increment in cropping intensity reflected in a remarkable and rapid shift of fruit ecosystem. Biotic stresses like insect, mite and nematode pests etc. have also been increasing day by day. These pest problems in fruit crop cultivation are now changing in a dynamic fashion in close association with the change in cropping system and the environment. To protect the fruit crops from insect pest devastation, synthetic poisonous chemicals are the quick and easy solution which are being used indiscriminately. Considering the ill effects of these hard-to-degrade synthetic chemical pesticides, integrated approaches are the only answer to combat such a complex and dreaded problem. The integrated approach comprises cultural, mechanical, biological and ecological management strategies in association with need based and safe pesticidal chemicals. Some pesticides have also been banned for using in horticultural crop cultivation, some others are withdrawn. But information with regard to these phenomena are scattered. In this compilation, an exhaustive effort has been undertaken to compile them. In addition to elaborating the host range, distribution, marks of identification, mode of feeding and symptoms of infestation, bionomics of the pests, biological control, pesticide residue problem and measures to mitigate it have been presented by the experts from different Institutes of repute from all over India.The book has been designed for the UG and PG students of horticulture, crop protection, pomological acarology as well as nematology. This will also serve as guide to respected Professors and Teachers of Agricultural Universities, progressive farmers, extension workers, plant protection specialists as well as policy makers.
The book is written in simple enough terms that shrimp farmers, aquaculturists, entrepreneurs, fishery biologists, seafood technologists, students, and others interested in shrimp aquaculture could benefit from it. This book not only provides readers with basic information, but also serves as a valuable tool for diagnosing and preventing problems caused by poor water quality.
According to estimates, plant pests and diseases cause at least 10% of the world's food production to be lost. Additional pest and disease losses occur after harvest, where it is estimated that up to 13% of the total calories generated are lost after leaving the farm gate, in addition to in-field losses. According to Indian viewpoints, biotic stressors cause a 20-26% annual loss of food commodities. The effects of the "Green Revolution" (GV) multiplied crop production and productivity, which ultimately affected the livelihoods of Indian civilians. However, the introduction of numerous in organic plant protection inputs resulted in irreversible harm to the environment, human lives, and material wealth. The focus on environmentally friendly plant protection measures, particularly microbial biopesticides, has expanded as a result of current conditions and Indian government regulations on chemical pesticides that take into account their negative effects. In the recent past, India's biopesticide industries, demand, consumption, market, etc., have grown tremendously. It is expected that between 2040 and 2050, the biopesticide industry would either match or surpass those of chemical pesticides. Global population growth is projected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, and the duty to increase food production by 70% of current levels in order to feed this population has led to a ruthless shift toward the use of artificial agricultural inputs. Nevertheless, there are ways to enhance food production to the anticipated level by using Integrated Pest Management, which enables the prudent application of inorganic inputs in conjunction with environmentally benign tactics like microbial biopesticides
The book fulfills the need for a comprehensive text and reference book on livestock production, health, nutrition and crop mixed farming. Though many foreign books are available, they are way too expensive for the student and written in a complex way. In this scenario, this book is very handy as well as written as per the requirements of teachers, scientists, students and industry personnel working in the area of animal production and in general animal health management and crop mixed farming for nutritional security.The authors of this book are eminent researchers and professors from various veterinary and agriculture colleges and ICAR research institutes across the country. It is a compilation of many topics of importance as far as livestock farming, health and production is concerned. Some insights in to the crop mixed farming and aquaculture will be a treat to the readers. This book is unique in its kind in meeting the requirements of its reader community and it will be a solution for many problems related to livestock farming, and agriculture.
The major objective of this book is to provide recent developments and updated comprehensive information on various aspects of 'Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety'. This book fulfils the need for a comprehensive book on the fundamental and advanced aspects of 'Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety'.The book explicates essential aspects related to 'Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety' and is conveniently divided into sixteen unique chapters, covering all the updated information and latest developments. The chapters covered include Introduction ; Invasive Alien Species ; Biowarfare, Bioterrorism and Bioethics ; Early Warning and Forecasting System ; Emerging Resurgence of Pests and Diseases ; National Regulatory Mechanism and International Agreements Conventions ; International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ; Pest Risk Analysis, Risk Management Models and Pest Information System ; Global Positioning System and Geographic Information System for Plant Biosecurity ; Pest, Disease and Epidemic Management ; Agroterrorism and Biosecurity ; Mitigation Planning and Integrated Approach for Biosecurity ; Biosafety, History, Policies and Regulatory Mechanism ; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Its Implications ; Issues related to the Genetically Modified Crops ; Operational Biosafety Practices and Procedures. In addition, 'Glossary of terms' is also furnished to present a list of frequently terms used in 'Plant Biosecurity and Biosafety'.The contents of this book, reflecting an extensive literature search, will be useful particularly for the students, teaching & research faculty and extension personnel in Agricultural and Horticultural Universities, the State Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Sericulture & Fisheries, Plant Protection Organizations, Plant Quarantine Units, Administrators & Policy makers and all those who are interested and concerned with plant biosecurity and biosafety.
The book with a title of "Wildlife Medicine and Health Management" has been prepared primarily with an idea of satisfying the criteria of the wildlife related syllabus for the veterinary students undertaking their degree programme in various veterinary institutions of this country. However, this book has additional information with regard to the catering of wildlife veterinarians serving in various zoos or wildlife regions of this country as well as in other countries. Different photographs pertaining to the health and disease management in wild fauna have been duly presented in places where they are required and the requirements pertaining to carrying out the therapeutic approaches in wild animals are also concurrently presented. Understanding about the various species of wild animals is the basis for exercising the wildlife medicine at any zoo or zoological park or zoological garden. In this manner, this book has incorporations with regard to the identification of various parasitic fauna in captive wild animals. Various features pertaining to the captive breeding of wild animals, housing and feeding are being dealt in this book, carefully. To name the few special information, the technical features with regard to the management of health and diseases in elephants, reptilian features and clinical examination procedures to be adapted with regard to the aviary species have also been incorporated in this book. Gadgets with regard to the physical as well as the chemical restraint of wild animals that are frequently encountered by the veterinarians in the field condition are also detailed elaborately, in addition to the dose rates of various drugs useful for the chemical control of wild animals.Different sampling procedures including the ones in crocodiles and elephants are presented in a good manner, so that the readers esp. the veterinary students doing their undergraduate degree in veterinary sciences and animal husbandry can understand about this subject in a clarified manner.
The Economic and Heritage Plants of Kashmir Himalaya is a ready reference source book, contains Botanical, English, Hindi /Urdu, Ladakhi and Kashmiri names of plants of Economic importance in Kashmir and Ladakh, with brief notes on their habit and habitat, morphology and utility. It largely reflects the region's existing Plant Genetic Resources for Food & Agriculture. Approximately, 1300 economic plant species and 500 crop varieties, existing in its agro-ecosystems, in wild as well as cultivated forms, arelisted in the book. Every possible effort has been made to give the latest nomenclature of plants together with their synonyms. Indices of English, Hindi, Kashmiri and Ladakhi names of the plants are appended at the end.The book should be useful to the students of Botany, Agriculture, Horticulture, Pharmacy and those interested in the Cultural Heritage of the region. It can also be helpful to researchers and planners working on the management and conservation of biodiversity of Indian Himalayan regions.
Intercropping system is an age-old cropping system where two or more crops coexist for a significant time of their growth period. In the present context of negative impacts on crop productivity and soil fertility, a system approach in cropping has become more relevant. The book 'Intercropping System' is divided into nine chapters that deal with the theory and practices of the intercropping system including recent research evidence. The first two chapters describe the overview of the intercropping system and complexity as well as the competitive relationship among component crops. The third chapter narrates the management options in the intercropping systems, while the fourth chapter highlights the multifaceted benefits of an intercropping system. Chapter 5 tells the suitability for the adoption of the intercropping system in organic agriculture. The sixth chapter describes how an intercropping system can ensure agricultural sustainability and some of the sustainable development Goals (SDGs). Chapter 7 illustrates the practice of alley cropping, a form of agroforestry, in resource-poor conditions. Legumes are considered an automatic choice in the intercropping system and hence, in the eighth chapter, the benefits of the inclusion of legumes as components have been described. Finally, in the ninth chapter, the performance of important crops in the intercropping system has been highlighted.
This book aims to provide the soil testing laboratory with sustainable technical literature on various aspects of soil testing, including testing methods and formulations of fertilizer recommendations etc, this book has been planned and it provides elaborated information on major soil types of India, their composition, plant nutrient and their function, typical deficiency symptoms of nutrients in plants, apart from procedure of sample collection and methods of analysis.This book contains analytical concepts on nutrients covering principles, materials, equipment's, methods, calculations and interpretations, with clear and easily understandable words/ sentences which provide better clarity of the analytical methods used.This book will be a useful tool for soil testing in research laboratories for advancing research and preparing Soil Health Card for the farmers.
The desire for publishing this handy book has originally come from our long-time appetite for writing a non-voluminous book on soil and water management that can be used by students or any readers who need to have a quick glance on the scientific jargons, that are mostly used in soil and water management studies.The book aims to constructively write a handy compilation of all these scientific terms along with their simplified definitions so that the readers are offered with a tailored note of one-liners from each respective sub-topics.
Solid Waste Management has been a major challenge for the Urban local bodies in developing countries like India. It is one of the major concerns for the environmental managers, industry personnel and policymakers. It has been one of the areas on which the research community focused the greatest energy in the last couple of decades. This book offers readers methodical and technological aspects of solid and hazardous waste management, Challenges associated with waste management in developing countries, Techno-economic assessment of waste management systems in the Indian context. Special emphasis is given on applying advanced technologies coupled with novel tactics used for sustainable solid waste management, and various environmental impacts caused due to improper waste management practices are also discussed in detail. Environmental education and communication as a foundation in sustainable development, an essential aspect for strict enforcement of various environmental policies, is also explicated in the present book.Global Waste Stream Scenario, Greenhouse Gases Emissions from Agriculture: Management and Mitigation Strategies
The fungi as microbe is present everywhere; in mountains and soil crust; in water and water bodies like rivers, oceans, lakes, ponds and glaciers; on plant surfaces, food grains, fruits and vegetables; on de-composting materials; on fabrics and leather in damp weather; air cooling systems; in environmental air outside and inside homes; on animals and human body parts etc.The well develop fungal growth can be seen with naked eyes on some of the material, while the fungal structures are only visible in microscope. These fungal microbe are harmful as pathogens to cause diseases in crop plants, food product, fruits and vegetables, in human being, animals, birds and marine wealth etc. However, some of the fungal species are beneficial to mankind, agriculture and environment. These are sources of food products, antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids, plant nutrient supplier, composting agents, biological control agents and so on.Most of us are unaware of all these facts about this fungal microbe, as this knowledge is not yet passed on to the generations although they play important role in our life at one or other point of time. It is a high time for all of us to know about this fungal microbe and the role they play in our life.
Drying is an important unit operation used in the industry for processing and preservation of food products. Food industry always looks for cost effective and energy efficient drying techniques to commercially succeed in their ventures and to fulfill demand of high quality dried food products. Although a large volume of technical literature is available on drying of foods, it is still quite challenging for scientists and engineers to improve upon the existing drying systems and quality of the products. The book consists of 14 chapters detailing freeze drying, atmospheric freeze drying, swell drying, multi-flash drying, electro-hydrodynamic drying, pulse combustion drying, foam mat drying, ultrasound- assisted drying and fluidized bed drying. It also includes chapters which are commodity-specific such as mushroom drying, drying and roasting of cocoa and coffee beans. The degradation mechanism and kinetics of vitamin C degradation in fruits and vegetables, kinetics modeling of drying process for the recovery of bioactive compounds and energy calculation procedures for dryers is also covered which would be helpful to improve dryer operation and efficiency.
Scheduling means Which nutrient? How much? and When to apply?The basic quantum of NPK used to prepare the schedules is actually the recommended doses (RD) of NPK by relevant public institutions or state agriculture universities. Using these basic recommendations, schedules are prepared to match the growth and the known developmental stages of each crop. In order to enhance the use of the schedules to other regions/countries where different RD is in practice, the book gives information on the basic nutrient split ratios for each growth stage duration. Using these ratios the fertilizers are to be partitioned for each stage of the crop. Each of these parts of fertilizers are then converted into farmer-usable daily doses. However, the schedule is not given on a daily application basis as it was found that most farmers do not want to go for daily dosing (injection). Hence the schedule is reported using a dose for every three days. It is also found that more frequent application schedule will give better yield and nutrient use efficiency.The schedules of most of the crops given in this book are actually field applied by farmers during the last two decades and been in use for several seasons. 1. Introduction 2. Fertigation Ratios and Scheduling
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