Agroforestry is an age old practice throughout the world, but its recognition as a science is nearly three decades old. The scientific and systematic research on tree-crop interactions, in India, started in late 1970's and got major support and impetus with the establishment of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Agroforestry in 1983 by ICAR. Today AICRP on Agroforestry has its network through out the country. Under AICRP and through the individual efforts of State Agricultural Universities, location specific agroforestry systems has been recommended to suit agro-climatic zones, landholdings and economic status of the region. Though extensive research had been done till date, but it is not available to scientific world, farming communities (who are the backbone of Indian rural development), students and inquisitive readers in one manuscript. This prompted the authors to club the information on agroforestry systems and practices prevailing in India in form of book. For the sake of convenience, agroforestry systems prevailing in India have been divided into four broad sections i) Agroforestry in India ii) Agroforestry system and practices in North, West and Central India iii) Agroforestry systems and practices in East, North-East and Southern India iv) Allied topics related to Agroforestry. Section one cover topics covering agroforestry experiences, research and extension efforts done in the last 25 years in India. Section two includes 13 s and section three covers 14 s wherein agroforestry research vis-à-vis agroclimatic zones of different states of India have been discussed. The last section comprising of 8 s includes topics related to role of agroforestry in soil conservation, women development; management of agroforestry; modeling; rehabilitation of mine spoils and breeding of agroforestry tree species.
The book deals essentially with the aspects that are of immediate concern to new researchers in the field of botanicals and natural products. It presents the first comprehensive overview of the plant products since they were introduced in the pest management covering both theoretical and practical applications. This book covers the key aspects of the plant products including: Natural pest management agents from plants, extraction of plants products, characterization and formulation and bioassay of extracts against different pests. The book reports for the first time in the field of botanicals, a study on the stability of the prepared extracts towards their various biological activity against different microbial and stored grain pests through a large number of the prepared extracts and formulations in both water and organic media. The book is an indispensable and interdisciplinary text for researchers and scientists from Chemical Sciences, Life Sciences, Agricultural Sciences and related disciplines, working in this important and fascinating area of botanicals and natural products in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concept.
Commercial crops comprises of crops grown on a plantation scale and are of pivotal importance to the economy and export trade of many developing and developed countries. Commercial crops with long history of cultivation and active support of research and developmental efforts have made great strides in technological advancements. At regular intervals it is necessary to take stock of newly acquired knowledge in crop production and to reason out age-old experience. The book 'Commercial Crops Technology' comprehends the scattered information and provides latest technological advances in nine crops grown on a plantation scale. The book is organized into 10 s with an introductory and one each allotted to nine commercial crops (Areca Nut, Cashew, Cocoa, Coconut, Coffee, Oil palm, Palmyra, Rubber and Tea). s have been designed keeping view of the rapid progress and challenges in the field of sustainable crop production. Product diversification has also been given due importance in the light of globalization and free trade. The introductory gives an insight into the present scenario of plantation crop production, its importance, geographical distribution, soils growing, integrated nutrient management, crop protection strategies, cropping and farming systems, management of drought, organic farming, clean development mechanism, implications of IPR and strategies and recommendations. Individual s on crops covers updated information on crop improvement, biotechnology, crop production and management, crop protection and post harvest handling with emphasis on integrated nutrient and pest management, organic crop production and value addition, besides providing basic information on origin and distribution, production trends, botany and R and D institutions. Future outlook on these crops would enable to chalk out achievable programmes and projects. The bibliography facilitates further reading. This publication will be useful to everyone who are associated with commercial crops - farmers, estate managers, extension workers, technologists, policy makers, researchers and students.
The book is a classic covering flowers used in decoration of houses, offices, restaurants, hospitals and private places of rest and relaxation. For nature lovers, it is a paradise of colours, forms and shapes. Fragrant flowers, flowers for bouquet making, flowers for essences and bonsai are narrated to the enchantment of students and scholars as well. There are 21 s dealing with general topics in flower trade, standards, markets and global demand and supply. The specific s deal elaborately anthuriums, carnations, china aster, chrysanthemums, gerbera, gladiolus, helicorneas, jasmine, marigold, orchids, roses and tube roses. An exhaustive on new cut flowers narrates recent introductions .The Japanese Bonsai is dealt in exquisite style. Research and development in this sector are separately dealt with. Future prospects, trends and globalised flower marketing are written for use of floriculturists. Modern technology of protected growing of flowers is informative. All the flowers indicated in the book are presented in colour photograph forms as well.
This book on 'Aromatic Plants' contains seven s. Introductory on 'History, importance and scope of aromatic plants' deals with the importance of aromatic crops and their close association with human health and beauty care from time immemorial. History of development of cultivation and aroma based industries in different regions of the world is described to emphasize their significance, scope and role in increasing the quality of human life. Classification of aromatic plants based on their climatic requirement, growth habit and floral morphology elaborated in succeeding will be of great interest to students, researchers and farmers. on 'Extraction of aroma principles' describes traditional as well as modern techniques employed for efficient extraction of volatile oils and oleo-resins from different plants materials and equipments employed for the purpose. Quality of oil is found to vary significantly with ecotypes, season, time of collection, crop maturity and weather conditions prevailing during the growth period, extraction method and duration of extraction process. Conditions and duration of storage also have a bearing on quality of essential oil. This necessitates development and imposition of appropriate quality standards in trade. These aspects are covered in fourth on 'Quality assurance of essential oils'. Aromatic oils & their derivatives and combinations occupy a covetable position in holistic medicines such as aromatherapy. on 'Aromatherapy' details the use of essential oils in human health care, techniques employed, aromatherapy message, aromatic bath, facial care, hair care etc. Information on aromatic oil's vide spread application to relieve stress and rejuvenate body are also included. Sixth and seventh s deal with major and other sources of aromatic oils. Under major sources, 17 aromatic crops and under other sources, 25 crops and discussed in detail. These s include the common name, botanical name and synonyms if any and family, vernacular names, importance and uses, habitat and distribution, agro technology, soil, climate, season, land preparation, planting, seed rate and spacing manurial and fertilizer recommendation, irrigation, weed control, pest control, harvest, propagation techniques, herbal yield, extraction and utilization, oil recovery, oil composition, properties of oil, storage requirements etc.
The book contains 15 chapters covering different topics of statistics e.g. Analysis of variance, Designs of experiments, Theories of points and interval estimations, Theories of tests of significance based on small samples (n30) and non parametric methods and tests.
The book has a comprehensive account of the climate change with possible projections on food security in India. Global scenario of extreme climatic events and the corresponding probable climatic parameters in the years to come are discussed elaborately. The effect of climatic variability on the productivity of crops particularly cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and flowers etc and incidences of plant diseases are highlighted. Moreover, the environmental effect on edible mushroom and rubber cultivation is also brought under the discussion in the book. Besides crop productivity, the information on the impact of climatic variability on the productivity/survival of livestock and freshwater fisheries is also made available.
Flower growing, once used to be a gardener's activity has today transformed into an astounding business. In India also, being an integral part of our rich heritage and culture, flower crops have become source of income as highly remunerative crops. Concerted efforts are being made in the country to boost the productivity, quality and export worthiness of several floricultural crops. With the changing trends and constant urge for new innovative products, this is imperative to have information about new potential crops with novel developed varieties and improved production technology. The worldwide interest in floriculture has also forced the agriculture universities and colleges for their perusal on teaching the emerging stream floriculture. Hence, the present book is a result of good compilation of recent advances in floriculture by the author. The publication entitled "Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management" specifies the practices and problems in growing flower crops along with entire description of crops and potential varieties.
Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging modern technique in modern remote sensing that expands and removes capability of multispectral image analysis. It takes advantage of hundreds of continuous spectral channels to uncover materials that usually cannot be resolved by multispectral sensoThis book is a collection of research papers of Indian scientist working in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing and spectral signature applications. This has been organized in a way that all the s are logically connected and can be referred back and the forth one another for more details. The title of "hyperspectral remote sensing and spectral signature applications" is use to reflect its focus on spectral techniques, i.e. non-literal techniques that are especially designed and developed for hyperspectral imagery rather than multispectral imagery.
The book gives a vast knowledge about the progress made in different entomological aspects. the book will serve as a complete source book on research techniques and practices of pests management , advanced genetic and biotechnological researches, new pests management technologies on different crops, pesticidal contamination status in environment. The book has been written for teachers, students, researchers and extension workers engaged in pests management strategies
While biotechnological advances, genomics and high throughput screenings or combinatorial and asymmetric syntheses are opening new opportunities in drug discovery, the industry is facing serious innovation deficit. The total number of new molecules registered per year has dropped in contrast to expected increase. Post marketing failures of blockbuster drugs have become major concerns of industries. On the other side, globally there is a major shift to sue of traditional medicine involving complementary and alternative therapies. Ethnopharmacology and traditional medicines have contributed in past significantly in the process of natural product drug discovery. There are two clear tracks where ethnopharmacology has potential to contribute in future drug research. First, as a discovery engine to provide new targets, leads, and second, use of quality assured and standardized traditional medicines. In this scenario, it is important to understand the mechanisms of drug discovery and pharmaceutical development with a focus on herbal drugs and neutraceutical. This book provides historical perspective, future prospects and significance of ethnopharmacology in drug research. It also provides important steps in botanical drug discovery and development including bioprospecting, quality control, standardization, pharmaceutics, stability, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability with examples from ethnopharmacology and herbal medicine. One of the important feature of this book is to give an excellent insight to Good Laboratory and Good Clinical Practices along with very useful summary steps involved in filing IND or NDA of botanical products. The book also gives Regulators' perspective of validating claims and how ethnopharmacological or traditional medicines need different approach.
knowledge on mycorrhiza-plant relationship has grown somewhat with slow pace until about 1970 when there was a sudden upsurge of interest on a specialized type of endomycorrhiza-vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VA Mycorrhiza). The prodigious research made during last three decades clearly established its widespread occurrence in various plant species and under different agro-climatic conditions covering broad ecological range including deserts, forest and mangroves. It was also established that this symbiotic association benefits the plants through enhanced nutrient uptake, biological control of root pathogens, and synergistic interaction with nitrogen fixing microorganisms, hormone production and drought resistance. In view of its utility to plants, this bio-tool has now attracted the attention of microbiologist. agronomist, horticulturist and foresters at global level.
Developing countries as the nations of Indian subcontinent are experiencing big-bangs regarding their economic, agricultural and industrial development. The sole aim of present mechanized and advanced agricultural practices is to produce enhanced grain yield to satiate the hunger of burgeoning population. Thus the present scenario demands the use of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals. However the production cost of these chemical products is to high as it increases pressure on the fossils fuel reserves of the country. Bioinoculants are the culture concoctions/live microbial isolates that are presently the most ecologically feasible and economically sound example of practical reproduction of lab experimentation for the help of modern day farmeBroadly, bioinoculants include biofertilzers, biopesticides and organic decomposers. Biofertilizers are live cells of beneficial microbial isolates that provide necessary nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous etc), excrete growth promoting compounds and provide resistance to a variety of diseases that culminates to enhanced yield and production. While biopesticides are live microbial isolates or their metabolic products that eradicate/kill known insects/pests of crops. Among commercialized biopesticides Bt cotton emerged as the first brand ambassador of modern day pesticides. The third component of bioinoculants are the organic decomposers that include certain fungal species, bacterial genera and actinomycetes that hasten decomposition of organic compounds and make available nutrients held as organic matter.
Geographic Information Systems or popularly known as GIS has been developing it's roots since the role of remote sensing has increased. It spreads it's branches to civil engineering, geosciences, forestry, disaster mitigation, ecology and environment and various other fields. The book explains the concepts of GIS in a simple language. Topics like development of GIS, data structures, database concepts, map projections, requirement of hardware and software for implementing GIS, errors and removing errors, advanced analysis are a few s to be named which find place in this book.
The present book is a detailed assessment of the pools and fluxes of detritus in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Besides presenting a comprehensive analysis of the process of detritus decomposition, the book gives an exhaustive account of the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the rate of detritus decomposition.Portrayal of the role of decomposition in nutrient cycling and delineation of the contemporary concepts of humus biosynthesis are the noteworthy features of this book. The book would be serve the needs of post-graduate students having Ecology as one of their major subject and researchers engaged in soil biology and biochemistry, soil sciences and ecosystem structure and function. The present book attempts to bring together the enormous but fragmented information and fill this lacuna. It has been designed to outline the basic and fundamental aspects of detritus and its decomposition to be understood in their right perspective and envisages to put forward a clear understanding of the current concepts of this fundamental aspect of ecology and its widening horizons.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and indispensable for the existence of mankind. They show diversity in size, shape, metabolism and the range of positive functions they perform for sustaining the life on this planet. Bacteria have been exploited by the mankind since times immemorial for the production of various foods and enzymes. They reveal several types of metabolic reactions which are absent in eukaryotic organisms. The present book highlights the potential of microorganisms in solving the global energy crisis. Presently, the world is facing energy crisis due to depleting fossil fuels which are expected to get exhausted during the next 50 yeaOne of the alternative energy resources for the new millennium is expected to be the renewable energy including biomass from which a variety of biofuels can be obtained by the exploitation of microbes. This volume has been organized in 13 s which have been prepared to provide the readers with both an in-depth study and a broad perspective of microorganisms for sustainability of mankind. Further, it makes the readers familiar with the diversity in energy generating pathways among different groups of microorganisms and different types of biomass energy resources available on this planet and the various possibilities which can be exploited for converting these in to alternate energy sources with the help of microbes. A great effort has been made to provide the readers a comprehensive knowledge about different alternative fuels and value added products from microbes for the 21st century. It is hoped that this volume will prove useful to the students and professionals who are pursuing their career in Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Environmental sciences and Energy studies related to the alternate biofuels to solve the global energy crisis.
Increase in the population has led to rapid industrialization, thus leading to pollution at all levels. With industries of various types discharging their all types of effluents in various sources of water, a constant need has been felt for recycling of these effluents, before discharging them in to these sources. The book makes an attempt to equip it's readers with each and every aspect of recycling of industrial effluents. The entire book provides adequate information from the very basics to various types of recycling techniques.
The book is an introduction to the rapidly emerging field of fiber optic sensors that is having significant impact upon areas such as guidance and control, structural monitoring, process control, biotechnology, geographical information systems and medicine.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to continuous deterioration of air quality which i a major environmental problem in many urban centers in both the developed and developing countries. Air pollution is characterized by high concentration of suspended particulates matter, oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen primarily from increased use of vehicles. The book provided information on rational basis for air quality management and green belt development in urban areas.
"The present book "Current Trends in Global Environment" deals with each and every important and recent issue of environment with clear-cut facts in a lucid manner of presentation, which are likely to be come across by its readers, irrespective of their discipline. An attempt has been made to present the matter in a perceptible and comprehensible manner which would be equally important to a beginner and specialist. Worthy for a reference for its up-to-date content that satisfy its user in a minimum of time. By far majority of books are from the mainstream with heavy a textual load. It has s on present day burning topics like The Greenhouse Effect, Natural Disasters i.e., Tsunami, Earthquake, Continental Drift, Sustainable Environment, Space Ecology, The Glossary will be useful for an individual new to the subject and anyone inexperienced in dealing with some aspects of the subjects. The index has been designed with upper most principle that it should be as complete as possible, of words and short phrases as they naturally appear in related species. We hope that his Global publication by a global famed personality will fit the subject gap for the readers and above all institutional libraries.
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