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The Internet, new information and communication technologies today are being entrenched into the fabric of our society at a very rapid rate. The Internet has emerged as an extraordinary prominent medium having a tremendous impact on and within society. Its remarkable attributes and rapid growth, and their profound influence within society have been the subject of enormous media coverage, scholarly publications, specialty magazines, and public discussion. The physical developments in these fields have had significant impact in the ability to communicate rapidly and efficiently around the world and in the functioning of society.Cyber spatial communication has provided possibilities for changing the way people communicate with one another and engage in social and cultural activities. Internet has become a powerful medium of communication and it seems that the people are more willing to take advantage of it. Internet communication does not make its users depressed or lonely, and it does not seem to be a threat to community life. The availability of the new modality of communication represented by the Internet does not lead to fundamental changes in social life and cultural practices. The Internet provides people with a technology that allows them to engage in activities that they have already had ways to engage in but provides them with some added efficiencies and opportunities to tailor their interactions to better meet their needs.

Pongamia pinnata, popularly known in India as Karanj has been found to be one of the most sustainable trees with regard to its soil enhancement and carbon sequestration properties apart from its stability in seed and oil yield. Pongamia pinnata is also credited with several preventive and curative properties as established by Ayurvedic medicine. It may be recalled that in the decades of nineteen seventies a few villages reaped sustainable incomes in the face of acute and chronic droughts that plagued the nation, solely due to the availability of some old Pongamia / karanj tree stands around those zones. Kranj oil has exhibited promise as a source of green energy. Nevertheless, the research on improvement of Karanj and its management as a productive plantation is nebulous. It is heartening that the Monograph on Karanj by Dr. M.V.R. Prasad fills this void. Dr. Prasad has been pursuing the work on oil bearing perennial trees of which Pongamaia pinnata has been studied in greater detail during the decades starting from nineteen eighties to date. The Monograph describes clearly as to how Pongamia pinnata could be harnessed to exploit the proven and potential benefits cited above, in addition to giving valuable information on its genetic improvement and plantation management.

The book provides not only basic information about ultrasound, its application and limitations; patient preparation; selection of transducer; setting the machine; land marks for the organs being scanned; sonographic features of healthy normal organs; ultrasound guided aspiration and biopsy taking; Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST); variations in sonographic imaging of dogs and cats; sonographic findings in different diseases: sonography of ruminants, equines and other animals; but also about therapeutic ultrasound; and important case studies for increasing the diagnostic horizon of the clinicians.

The soils which possess characteristics that make them uneconomical for the cultivation of crops without adopting proper reclamation measures are known as problem soils. For the management of problematic soils, some general principles have to be considered for proper implementation of the reclamation measures. Some soils have serious physical and chemical limitations to cultivation. Physical limitations can be managed by irrigation, drainage, mulching, manuring, tillage, and soil conservation measures such as terracing, contouring, and cover crops, whichever is appropriate. Some chemicals are also added to the soil as an integral part of the reclamation program adopted to improve the saline, alkali and other soils. This book contains 19 chapters on Soil quality and health, Distribution of Waste land and problem soils in India and Jharkhand, Soil forming factors and Processes Reclamation and management of Saline and sodic soils, Acid soils and Acid Sulphate soils, Calcareous soils, Eroded and Compacted soils, Flooded soils, Polluted soils, Irrigation water-quality and standards, Efficient utilization of saline water in agriculture, Remote sensing and GIS in diagnosis and management of problem soils, Multipurpose tree species, Bio remediation through MPTs of soils, land capability land suitability classification, Problematic soils under different Agro-ecosystems, etc

It is an introductory level textbook a first course in plant breeding. So, the size is limited so that it can be taught in one semester. Horticultural plant breeders. The book is simple,lucid and correct in presentation.

The book entitled "Horticulture: Basic Principles and Recent Approaches" is meant for students, teachers, research scholars as well as budding horticulturists. This book covers most of the areas of horticulture ranging from traditional to recent development The emphasis has not only been laid on definitions and technical terms, but also on the concepts and their applications. Special care has been taken so that the rigour of science is not lost while simplifying the language. This book will help the students to understand basic and advance techniques and their utility in a very simple way.

The present book starts with the soil glossary followed by six main sections namely General Soil Information, Soil Fertility, Soil Microbiology, Soil Chemistry, Soil Physics and Pedology. The distinction in the sections would help students to be more specific toward the potential opportunity which would save their valuable time while preparing for their career.The book will be of immense use to the students who wish to make their career in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry field.

The book "TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY" is a compendium on the laboratory experiments in molecular biology, plant tissue culture, genetic engineering and immuno-diagnostics covering a total of 90 experiments. The present day education system focuses on skilling and development of entrepreneurial human resources. Biotechnology has emerged as a promising career option demanding skilled biotechnologists in various sectors like agriculture, horticulture, animal sciences, fisheries science, natural resource management, medicine, pharmaceutical and food processing industries. The step by step procedure on different techniques in plant biotechnology presented in the book will be an authentic knowledge source and a ready reckoner for skill and capability development in biotechnology for students, research scholars, teachers and scientists.

The literature on fungi is huge and expanding rapidly. Many undergraduate students do not have sufficient time to read original publications, and rely solely on the course teacher due to non -availability of illustrated practical book in this field. The book tries to give important and useful information at one place. The main emphasis of this book is to present the fungi in such a simple way which can be understood by students. This book is designed to fulfill the syllabus by covering various aspects of fungi. It provides something for everyone from beginners to advanced students and researchers. There has been a continuous need to add atleast some additional recent text and more illustrations to the book for the subject which will benefit the students.

Oilseed crops are a heterogeneous group of plants without common morphological and genetic features except production of seed oil. Nevertheless, the importance of the seed oil or vegetable fat, has resulted in increased scientific interest in improving the yield and quality of the produce. The Oilseeds sector has been one of the most dynamic components of world agriculture; in the past three decades growing at 4.1% per annum surpassing the growth of agriculture and livestock products. The individual crops forming the conglomerate of Oilseed crops have to be treated differently as well as together for their improvement and production, since they form unique group in terms of research and development, necessitating the development of strategies for their judicious exploitation for a sound farm economy. This book "Oilseed Crops" aims to provide detailed information on the oilseed crops and at the same time elucidating the intricacies faced in improvement and management. Spread over thirteen Chapters, the book covers the oilseed crops, namely, Groundnut, Rapeseed-mustard, Soybean, Sesame, Sunflower, Safflower, Niger, Linseed, Castor and Oil-bearing Trees. Each Chapter includes information on the 'Background of the Plant,' 'Ecology,' 'Cytogenetics,' 'Genetic Resources and Breeding,' 'Biotechnology,' 'Important Characteristics,' 'Diseases and Pests of the Crop,' 'Production' and 'Products' from the crop. 'Designer Oilseed Crops' is a new concept for the development of novel products of vegetable fats using biotechnology, gene editing and genetic transformation. The book will be useful to researchers, students, agricultural extensionists and all those taking up study of Oilseed Crops.

Instability of commodity prices has always been a major concern of the farmers, processors, merchandisers as well as the consumers in an agriculture-dominated economy. Farmers' direct exposure to price fluctuations makes it too risky for them to invest in other wise profitable activities. There are various ways to cope with this problem. The agriculture commodity market is one of them. It serves a risk-shifting function and can be used to lock-in prices in advance instead of relying on uncertain price developments in future. Apart from being a vehicle for risk transfer among hedgers and from hedgers to speculators, these markets also play a major role in price discovery. The primary objective of this book is to impart the basic knowledge of derivatives market, types of derivative markets, agriculture futures market, regulator of commodity market, commodity exchanges, price discovery in commodity market and awareness among various stakeholders of commodity market.

Quarantine has emerged as a most referred and used word in 2019-2020 for the human being around the world. It has made impact on the human lives, national economies, people migration, restriction on human movement and political turbulences in several nation around the world with the emergence of Covid-19, a human virus as an invasive species. Like human quarantine, the subject of plant quarantine is also an important subject in the plant and food securities around the world. The recent attack of locust in Sub-Saharan region upto Indian continent has impacted the agriculture due to this invasive alien species. Several examples of diseases and pest threats are encountered the agricultural crop production, bioversity and ecological environment of the region. Plant quarantine regulations in different regions of the world helps to save the damage from such invasive alien species. The sudden emergence of plant pathogen including viruses may surprise the common and government establishments. Therefore, knowledge on subject of plant quarantine in context to invasive alien species is atmost important issue. At present this knowledge is lacking, the literature is scattered and there is no upto date book available on this subject. The book Plant Quarantine, an approach to restrict invasive alien species, is a compilation of all necessary aspects related to this subject.The book content 16 chapters. It is valuable asset for the plant quarantine personnel working in the field, agriculture university students, plant health workers, farmers doing agriculture, plant and seed traders and to all those who use agriculture produce and products.

The Objective of this book is to explain and discuss the various green processing strategies, so the Book has been divided into distinct sections which cover 5 sub themes i.e. Green technologies in Food Production, Post Harvest Management and Value Addition for Sustainable Value Chains, Green and eco friendly techniques in food packaging, Waste management and valorization. The First section aims at obtaining insight in various green technologies like non thermal processing technologies. In the Second section, technologies related to waste valorization are discussed, and in Third Section, post harvest management and value addition are described in detail. The Last Section deals with the concerns of various stakeholders in this food value chain and also few topics related to eco friendly techniques. The editors hope that the readers of this book will get a broad overview on all the relevant topics and technologies, and will also find valuable information on Green perspectives in the Food Processing Sector. This book is a welcome resource for Food Engineers/Food Scientists/Food Technologists and academia.

This text book is designed to guide students from a basic knowledge of soil, water, plant, hydrologic and hydraulics to the state-of-the-art of irrigation system design, planning and management. The book will be helpful to the students of Agriculture, Agricultural and Civil Engineering and other related fields.The book is written in simple and lucid languages which will make the students interesting in reading the book and understanding the concept of farm irrigation very effectively. The book is written covering the entire syllabus of Irrigation Engineering which is taught in various State Agricultural Universities and is written as per the recommended syllabus of fifth Deans' Committee meeting of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi.The book will not only be helpful to the students at under-graduate and post-graduate level, but also will be a helping tool for all practicing irrigation engineers, agriculturists, design engineers, researchers, extension personnel and all others who are directly or indirectly associated with irrigation science and engineering.

This book covers most of the topics with latest information on bone in general and research on bone healing in particular. The book is divided into 27 chapters covering almost all aspect of orthopaedic research in small and lab animals including basic knowledge about bone; fracture types and fracture healing; bone grafts and bone substitute; internal fracture fixation; external fracture fixation; bone morphogenetic protein; transforming growth factors; role of mesenchymal stem cell in osteoinduction; fracture healing in critical sized bone defect and in very large bone defect, effect of herb and herbal product in fracture healing, role of different hormones, anabolic steroid, NSAID drug, bone wax, ultrasound in fracture healing; minimal invasive fracture repair; management of comminuted femoral and tibial metaphyseal fracture; endocrine role of fracture healing; evaluation of bone graft, ceramic biomaterials in fracture healing and physiotherapy of orthopedic patients. This book includes different research findings on application of herb, herbal product, bone graft, ceramic biomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and different osteoinducers in bone regeneration. The main objective of this book is to provide the latest information to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and post graduates research scholars but also to the teachers, biologists and clinician involved in animal treatment and orthopaedic research.

Soil Microbiology deals with fundamental aspects of microorganisms, their relationships to agriculture with an emphasis on improving the soil fertility and crop yields, biodegradation of crop residues, and combating pests and diseases. A fascinating and relatively interesting area of this Microbiology is the study of how these tiny life forms communicate and interact with each other in the soil environment. Soil microorganisms play essential roles in the nutrient cycling that are fundamental to life on the planet. The book covers the syllabus of various Universities, both undergraduate and postgraduate and the information presented in the book will fulfill the need. The text is clear and simple, which is explained through various diagrams. It is believed that the publication is needful not only to the students but also to the academic professionals.

The present book entitled "Innovations in Fishing and Fish Processing Technologies" highlights various aspects of fish genetic resources, advanced mariculture and ornamental fisheries covering major dimensions of harvest and post-harvest technologies in fisheries and fishery extension. It covers the whole gamut of innovative, advanced and cost-effective technologies dealing with recent trends in fish harvesting including responsible fishing, design of improved gears and trawls; development and standardization of various post-harvest techniques, value added product development, hygienic handling; techniques for extraction of biomedical, pharmaceutical and industrial product from aquatic organisms; developing nutraceuticals from rest raw materials; biotechnological approaches for fish disease diagnostic tools; quality management and maintaining food safety standards; design and development of tools and techniques for harvesting and storage of fishes; effective extension methodologies, value chain management and entrepreneurship development in fishery.

Ch. 10 has a utilization of pectin in semi solids or intermediate food products. Ch.11 may have applications of Ionizing radiation in food processing and other related activities. Ch.12 ranges Rice milling system from the home-scale to the large, complex modern rice-processing installations. Ch.13 covers antifungal agents or antimicrobial food additives need to utilize at extreme concentration or levels in a food to be effective when used alone for inhibiting microbial load of foods and extent their shelf-life for longer period. Ch.14 explains anti-nutritional factors present in food, including their contents of enzyme inhibitors, lectins, flatulence factors, tannins, phytic acid and saponins. Ch.15 covered artificial sweeteners are added to processed foods and beverages to impart taste without adding calories. Ch.16 contain up to date about extrusion cooking which is an emerging technology having advantages of low production cost, capable of producing end products in various shapes and sizes, from a variety of food materials with easy digestibility, maintaining hygiene and high product quality and leaving no effluents or hazardous materials. In Ch.17 the potentially useful, but so far little used process of fruit jelly is discussed. Ch.18 elaborates about the Zero energy cool chamber.

Plant Physiology is a dynamic science which goes on adding knowledge to already characterized basic processes in plants. The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented progress in biological sciences with the advent of innovative technologies viz. recombinant DNA techniques, omics approaches and advanced phenotyping platforms. These tools have helped to redefine many of the already accepted facts of plant life. The present publication will give an insight into the lesser known signals that can influence plant growth and development.

Researcher, teachers, academics and students in the agricultural field in particular will find this book to be of immense use.

essential plant nutrients, their sources and transformation chemistry in soil; organic manures, chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers, ion exchange reactions and chemical equilibria in soil, soil biology and chemistry of related soil processes; soil erosion and its impact on soil fertility; problem soil

The book 'Statistical Analysis Using R software' deals with the fundamental concept of R software and the codes in R used for statistical analysis. It includes the development and content of R software, the concept of writing codes in R, importing of data from other software for use in R software. The codes in R used for statistical analysis purpose are mentioned in the mentioned and vividly explained. The book would definitely help the students and the personnel involved in teaching and research in understanding the concepts of R and its use for statistical analysis purpose.

In the recent era, the ability to future generation to produce food and enjoy productivity decreases in a faster rate due to the depletion of the natural resource base through high external input based agriculture. It is believed that, the decline of ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, the Mediterranean region, Pre-Columbian southwest U.S. and Central America is strongly influenced by natural resource degradation from non-sustainable farming and forestry practices. In this backdrop the sustainable agriculture is utilizing the existing natural resource base and low external input for regenerating the productive capacity of the same along with the minimization of harmful impacts on ecosystems.

This book 'Orchard and Estate Management' covers An Overview; Clean Cultivation, Sod Culture and Sod Mulch; Herbicides; Inorganic and Organic Mulches; Horticultural Systems; Systems of Irrigation; Soil Management; Fruitfulness and Unfruitfulness; Rejuvenation of Old Orchards; Integrated Nutrient Management; Integrated Pest Management; Utilization of Resource Constraints in Existing Systems; and Climate Aberrations and Mitigation Measures of Horticultural Crops. Simple and lucid language has been used for clear and easy understanding of the beginners. The book is illustrated with photographs and diagrams. Questions are set at the end of each chapter to assess the understanding of the students. The book is written for B.Sc. (Hons.) Horticulture students, the counterparts of B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture also may be benefitted. It may serve as a help book for post-graduate students. Questions are set at the end of each chapter to assess the understanding of the students.

The information of this book could be of use for the students, researcher any person willing to know about the subject of nutritional management of livestock, poultry and other animal species. Information is presented in a simple, lucid manner and concise form for the wide range of readers, academicians and researchers.

Cropping Systems : Principles and Practices is a textbook which deals with Cropping systems in detail. The topics covered in this book are in an order, which helps in a better understanding of the concept and will serve as a ready reckoner for the undergraduate and post graduate students. The concepts are presented in a gist form, which helps students to grasp more within a short period of time, simple usage of English and concepts explained with examples are the key features of this book. Agronomical calculations are clearly indicated step by step, which leads to furthermore absorption of the concept. Cropping systems being one of the major courses in Agronomy has its own importance to play with. Not only the syllabus covered helps to clear course exams of undergraduate and postgraduate but also help in clearing many competitive exams, in which the present topic will play a crucial role.

Background of The Study Literature Review Materials and Methods Price Spread Analysis, Marketing Pattern and Potential Assessment of Agricultural Diversification in Chenani Block of Udhampur District

Fruits and vegetables become glut in harvesting season due to high productivity and all cannot be consumed at that time. They cannot be stored because there is scarcity of storage facilities which results high wastage of their highly perishables nature. On the other hand there is scarcity of fruits and vegetables in off season. If they are available, the market prize is very high and people can afford it and mostly common people are deprived of consuming fruits and vegetables.It is very essential to create facilities and preventive measures to reduce wastage and make more availability of fruits and vegetables to consumers. Other care must be taken after harvesting to prevent initial losses, because losses start immediately after harvesting. To reduce the losses and to make availability of fresh fruits and vegetable during off season, the best mean is the processing and preservation by using simple techniques. There are many processing methods that can be used by small-scale handlers, including drying, fermenting, canning, freezing, preserving and juicing.

This book is a platform for anyone who wishes to explore robotics in the field of agriculture and broaden their understanding and its uses. This book offers an expert system with proper examples to understand. The book also covers the basics of robotics with example so that anyone can easily understand the concept. The book is divided into fifteen chapters and explores the areas where robotics can play an important role to enhance the efficiency and productivity in agricultural field.After reading this book, you'll understand what robotics is, where it is applicable, and what are its different branches, which can be useful in different scenarios.