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Plants are the primary source of food and medicine which directly contribute to the development of new drugs and medicines in addition to agrochemicals, fragrance, flavour, cosmetics, fine chemicals and nutraceuticals. Research on plants and new value added products made from natural herbal botanicals is of human interest. This book reports the present scenario and importance of commercial valuable plant species builds upon the excellent twenty one research articles. Highly prized plants mentioned as domestic and industrial value are Bunium persicum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Magnolia campbellii, Morchella esculenta, Tinospora cordifolia, Woodfordia fructicosa, Plantago ovata, nobel prized plant Artemisia annua, subsistence of Spinifex littoreus, tissue culture raised banana, plant growth promoting bacteria, systematic of starch grains, scientific propagation techniques for improvement of plants, sustainability of Mucuna pruriens and phytochemical screening of Eulaliopsis binata, Himalayan rhododendrons, Cyperus pangorei and Vigna radiata. Aromatic plants are valued for their aromatherapy, flavour and fragrance. Besides chemical constituents, uses and diversity of aromatic wealth of Himalaya is also discussed. Current investigation reports of biological, chemical, pharmacological and clinical parameters mentioned in different section of this compilation will add and contribute more values in discovering new leads for product development from plants. As the reader will note, these book represent a wide collection of views, reflecting the diversity of sciences and interests of thousands of ideas that enabled thoughtful deliberations for future aspects

The present book is an attempt to compile various chemical, nutritional and micro-biological analytical techniques related to handling milk and milk products. The book has been divided into three basic sections dealing in methodologies applicable to raw milk reception to milk product analysis to air, water, detergents and dairy effluent. ·        Section ⿿A� deals with various platform and laboratory tests applied to raw and processed milk quality assessment, in terms of rapid tests, detection of adulterants and preservatives, sampling techniques etc. ·        Section ⿿B� gives the detailed analytical techniques as applied for determination of various quality parameters/ attributes of different dairy products being manufactured by Indian Dairy Industry. ·        Section ⿿C� various other tests applicable to dairy industry for maintaining quality including nutritional quality and hygiene, test for dairy detergents and sanitizers, air and water quality for a dairy plant and determination of melamine, aflatoxins, minerals and vitamins (fat & water soluble). The Text also contains various food regulatory acts, food safety act 2006, hygiene code, ISO 9000 series, ISO 14000 and ISO 22000 quality management systems, PFA and BIS standards for different milk types and MRL values for pesticides, heavy metals and antibiotic substances and list of approved analytical labs are also provided for ready reference.

The new hybrid breeding technology is capable of substantially increasing the productivity of pigeonpea and become a trigger for pulse revolution in the country. The development of CMS based hybrid-RVICPH 2671 has paved a new way for easy development and identification of high yielding hybrids. The book will encourage researchers in adoption of newer technologies to achieve food security through roductivity enhancement in Pigeonpea.

The book has been written specifically to cater the need of undergraduate/postgraduate students of veterinary science by providing all the needed information comprehensively, as per the new VCI regulations, modified in the year 2009-2010 on animal nutrition subject at a single course. Complete information in a comprehensible way is the watchword of the book. The book consists of three parts and each part provides a structured approach to learning by covering all the topics in a uniform and systematic format. The topics under each part have been carefully designed to conform to the VCI syllabus. Part I deals with principles of animal nutrition and feed technology which comprehensively covered about the proximate principles and estimation of common macro elements like calcium and phosphorus. It also includes about the cell wall fractionation and estimation of common toxic principles present in feeds. Part II deals with applied animal nutrition-I, where the feeding on ruminant animals specifically the cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats in their different physiological stages are discussed and requirements of different nutrients as well as formulation of their respective ration has been taken care of. Part III deals with applied animal nutrition-II, where the feeding on non-ruminant animals specifically the swine and poultry in their different physiological stages are discussed and requirements of different nutrients as well as formulation of their respective diet has been taken care of. In addition to that principles of mixing and compounding of feed has also been considered. The book is similarly useful for the post graduate students of animal sciences, teachers and scientists of animal nutrition discipline, personnel of feed industry involved in feed manufacturing and marketing, field veterinarian, animal husbandry extension worker and progressive animal farmers and animal lovers.

It is difficult to forecast the serious consequences of damage to soil health on plants, animals and human beings. Agricultural soils across the globe are affected by erosion, degradation, nutrient depletion, pollution, organic matter decline and faulty management practices. This has resulted into 'Plant nutrient disorders' due primarily to imbalances, interactions, deficiencies or toxicities of one or more plant nutrients. Quality of irrigation water and environmental stress has a profound influence on this process. The present book provides an insight into the reasons for occurrence of such nutrient disorders, methodologies to monitor soil, plant, water and environment and ways to diagnose the problem through analytical and instrumental techniques. Widespread occurrence of secondary and micronutrient deficiencies in soils have resulted into low uptake of these nutrient ions by plants with adverse impact on human and animal health. Continuous cropping without due care of efficient soil and water use, have resulted in poor crop performances with low yields in many areas. This book attempts to provide answers to some pertinent questions on the subject i.e. I. Why plant nutrient disorders occur? II. Whether these are site or crop specific? III. How best one can diagnose the problem, by adopting sound analytical techniques? IV. What are the major concerns? V. How best one can manage such disorders to sustain soil health for crop production? Implementing scientific soil management programme requires good team work among scientists, extension workers & field staff with governmental support and farmer's participation. It is hoped that this book written in a simple language will be very useful for the students and teachers of Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Fisheries & allied disciplines.

The book contains 15 s on production technologies of horticulture crops as: The book contains 15 s on Processing and Post Harvest Technologies. The first Processing and post harvest technologies, provides a comprehensive introduction to Indian processing industry as well as status of horticultural crops, prospects for growth of processing industry are also highlighted. 2 Biology of horticulture crops, focuses on bio-chemical and physiological changes associated with horticultural commodities. 3 Maturity indices and Harvesting practices for horticulture crops deals with concepts related to life of a horticultural produce, Maturity indices of fruits, vegetables and floral crops and harvesting practices. In s 4, 5, 6 and 7 Preparation for market and transportation of horticulture produce, grading and packing of horticulture produce, post-harvest problems and, common disorders of horticultural crops have been highlighted respectively. 8 have been written on quality evaluation criteria for horticultural crops, 9 focuses on browning reactions. In s 10, 11 and 12 carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils topics have been described in context to food, 13 is exclusively based, on post harvest handling, storage and processing of vegetables, 14, describes evaluation of food and 15 focuses on practical chemistry applications in postharvest technology. No book can claim to be perfect. The authors shall gratefully acknowledge comments and suggestions for further improvement from readers.

This book covers most of the topics with latest information on canine cancer in general and canine mammary cancer in particular. The book is divided into 21 chapters covering almost all aspects of canine cancer including its overview, occurrence, etiology, classifications, polymorphism, radiological-immuno-hormonal-sex hormone profiles, enzymatic-genetic-tissue prognostic markers and different modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This book also includes different research findings on canine mammary cancer. The main objective of this book is to provide the latest information to meet the requirements of not only undergraduate and post-graduate students but also to the teachers and clinicians involved in canine practice. The book contains more than 150 good quality colour photographs of canine cancer, cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments. This book would be of immense use to the students, teachers and practitioners engaged in the field of cancer research and treatment.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. f. Anacardiaceae) is very important and dollar earning plantation crop. A systematic compilation on various aspects has been covered in this book. It consists the s viz. Introduction; History, origin and geographical distribution; Area, production, productivity, export and import; Soil and climate; Biodiversity and crop improvement; Varieties; Propagation and production of planting material; Morphology and tree characters; Pollination techniques; Establishments of cashew orchard; Mineral nutrition; Training and pruning; Rejuvenation of old orchards; Inter-cropping and cover cropping; Intercultural operation; Maturity, harvesting and yield; Post harvest storage; Marketing of raw nuts; Nutritive value of cashew; Cashew nut processing; Cashew apple processing; Pests and diseases; Economics for cashew cultivation; Future strategies along with references. This book will be helpful to students and teachers of horticulture, agriculture and forestry, scientists, researchers, cashew growers and processors including small scale processing unit holders.

The global changes warranted fastness in food production system and fast foods. In tune with demand, crop production also oriented accordingly. However, the proverb 'Health is a Wealth' is reminded us to keep vigil on system and method of food production and food safety. The ill-effect of conventional chemical based farming well documented and public realized the importance organically produced food and efforts are being made to popularize the organic production. India is a "Land of Spices", each state or union territory in India cultivates one or other spice. Since spices form a part of many medicines the demand for organically produced spices is increasing considerably. Assuming a market growth of 10% in Europe, USA and Japan for organic spice products the world demand for organic spices may grow to 57000 tonnes in the next 10 yeaLarge scale use of high analysis fertilizers and pesticides result environmental hazards and imbalances in soil nutrients. Since spices are high valued and export oriented in nature it is imperative to keep the levels of pesticide residues below tolerance limits in view of the standards set by the importing countries. Hence the book on "Organic Spices" is timely and covers all aspects of organic spice production. The topic includes historical spice trade and importance of spices in food chain. Brief account on organic agriculture movement in the world and its present status and opportunity for organic spices in the world market are given. The chemistry and different methods of composting are included in the organic manures will be informative. Microbes play a greater role in agriculture, a separate devoted on microbes and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria would definitely enrich the readeNot only that, the topics on biological control of insect pests, nematodes, fungus and bacteria of spices highlighted in separate s would be of interest in organic production system. The importance, composition, uses, botany and varieties, organic way of production of spices like black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, chillies and paprika, nutmeg, vanilla, seed spices like cumin, fennel, fenugreek, coriander and their harvest and post harvest processing are enumerated. The s on good agricultural practices (GAP) and organic certification procedures outlined for adoption. This would serve as a reference book for researchers, teachers and students besides farmers, traders and consumers.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the ancient fruits associated with several human cultures of the world. Its nutritional, therapeutic and ornamental values were known to humans since antiquity. Although pomegranate is an ancient fruit plant, it has gained commercial significance recently. In the present text, proven technologies and procedure for export have largely been complied for the end-users. The book has six broad chapters, with major focus on production technology, integrated disease and insect pest management (IDIPM), post harvest management and procedure for export of pomegranate. This publication will benefit the pomegranate growers, researchers, students, extension workers, processors, exporters, various developmental agencies and other stake holders involved in the promotion of the pomegranate industry in India.

The book â¿¿Climate Change and Agricultural Food Production: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Remedies' provides an overview of climate change impacts on all agricultural food producing sectors (agriculture, livestock and fisheries), food contamination, and food safety (microbial pathogens, toxic biological & toxic chemical contaminants), food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to counteract or minimise or reduce the effects of climate change on agriculture, livestock and fisheries. It reviews and summarizes research results, data and information from the world including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, North America, Polar Regions and Small Island Nations. The book has been structured as textbook, reference book and extension book and written in simple and plain English with key facts and acronyms and glossary provided in each with tables and figures to benefit a wide range of readeThe key data and information provided in each are highlighted below:

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE: Commercial floriculture, which encompasses production and trade of cut flowers, foliage plants, potted plants, landscape plants, bedding plants, seed production, dried flowers and plant parts, perfumes and essential oils and natural dyes, is an emerging area in the present scenario and has been identified as one of the possible areas for diversification into a viable agri-business option. Among various aspects of floriculture, the essential oil, dried flower and cut flower industries are emerging as powerful engines for economic growth. The present work is aimed to bring out comprehensive information on relevance of post harvest technology in commercial aspects of floriculture. The book contains s giving exhausted material on quality control and standardization in the perfume and essential oils and techniques that are employed for analysis of essential oils with information on chemical constituents and sensory evaluation of essential oils. Processing techniques and quality attributes are discussed in detail. It also gives description of ornamental and aromatic plants which are sources of fragrances. Processing and preservation techniques of flowers along with using their various parts for value addition has been discusses in full detail. Evaluation of quality factors for floricultural crops gives detail information on various pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest factors affecting the quality of floriculture crops mainly cut flowe

Organic Farming presents basic principles and practices of organic farming. The chapters systematically cover- 1. Concepts and relevance of organic farming 2. Organic production requirement 3. Biological intensive nutrient management 4. Integrated pests, disease and weed management 5. Quality control standards and certification 6. Organic market opportunities 7. Frequently asked questions and answers: This book fulfils the needs of students studying in agricultural colleges and universities and a standing guidance to the teachers for teaching organic farming in the new concept of agriculture education and development.

This text book entitled "Aquaculture Machineries and Equipments " has been prepared to meet the requirement of undergraduate and post graduate students of Fisheries Engineering/Aquacultural Engineering. There is no specific text book or practical manual available for this subject to cover many of the topics. Therefore, interested persons and students are feeling worried to have a basic idea to different machineries and equipment's used and also its optimized usage conditions.The design and management of these machineries and systems is based on their production goals and the economics of the farming operation. Relevant topics were discussed explicitly using suitable examples. The text book can also be used by researchers and persons involved in developing machineries in the field of Aquaculture Engineering

The book has been written in a very simple and easily understandable language. The information given in this book is based on systematically and scientifically designed field and laboratory experiments conducted in various ecological zones. It is believed that this book will serve the scientific society in a variety of ways. Undergraduate and postgraduate students, professors, teachers, scientists and researchers having their interests in different fields of specialization will certainly be benefited. The book covers articles written by well known authorities in respective fields.

This book is aimed at providing systematic information on nutritional importance of vegetables in human nutrition, physiology, post-harvest technology, biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables at a single source. The book contains very concise and precise information on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops and also covers areas like resistance against diseases and herbicides and tolerance against drought and salinity and the physical aspects of quality, i.e., shape, size, texture, colour, tenderness, etc. It also contains the information on best possible solutions of problems faced by the students, scientists, growers and tradeThe information given in this book is truly based on scientific records of scientists working on vegetables in various institutes. The book on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops compiled for the students of postgraduate and postdoctoral programs is one such attempt to make them learn and understand the subject more precisely and motivate them o improve their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables crops to meet the future needs. In addition, this book may be user-friendly to others who have the concern to expand their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetable crops and wish to fetch more remuneration from vegetable crops."

The book has been written as Text Book for Undergraduate as well as Post Graduate students covering major aspect of horticultural diseases.

This book deals specifically with basic managemental aspects of dairy animal in the context of Indian subcontinent. The informations are carefully presented in concise manner and to the point. The entire book has been prepared in most simple, clear and talking language for easy understanding. In this book, an attempt has been made to introduce both the science and practice of dairy animal production for the students, teachers, progressive farmers and extension workers. Any book which attempt to cover the needs of much a wide range of people must have their limitations as far as any one group of persons is concerned. It is hoped however that all those who read these books will find some guidance and instruction which will enable them to improve their knowledge and understanding of the management and production of dairy animals.

'Applied Ornamental Horticulture' consists of 16 s authored by 18 eminent working scientists related to various applied fields of Ornamental Horticulture. A highly illustrated book, comprising over 75 colored pictures, it is unique in its exhaustive coverage,content and structure. The book not only provides the concept but gives on hand information related to all day today practical aspects of applied ornamental horticulture. It is difficult to provide universally valid recommendations for agronomic and cultural practices for all the ornamental plants as they are grown under different ecological and soil conditions in different climatic zones. However, the general cultural practices like soil and water requirements, planting time and depths; fertilizing, mulching, flowering season, storage and insight about the applied aspects of ornamental horticulture are given for each, although it varies from region to region and under different growing conditions and climate. The book has covered various aspects of gardening and Landscape planning. . All the s are very comprehensive and informative for day today activities in our daily gardening ventures. The book will be useful to students , city dwellers and scholars of Horticulture.The book is a ready reckoner to house wifes and is an essential table book.Transition of conventional gardening to virtual digital garden is indicated and at no point of time and space, natural divine garden can be replaced by digital virtual gardens.Garden has life while virtual garden is insensitive.

This book to comprehensively present the standard methodologies for studying the impacts of climate change on agriculture, measuring and developing inventories of greenhouse gas emission, and analyzing the vulnerabilities and mitigation options. The book describes the methodology in a simple and lucid way so that a researcher can adopt it in field studies. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as quantification of climate change impacts on crops in controlled and field conditions, impacts of climate change on water resources, soil fertility, erosion and carbon sequestration, insects, pests, weeds, microbes and diseases; greenhouse gas emission assessment, assessment of regional vulnerability to climate change, selection of crop. The book converted its 23 chapters into four sections. The 1st Section deals with recent mitigation strategies developed by the scientists to reduce the effect of climate changes and promote the Sustainable Agriculture by different ways viz., Role of Marker in Development of Climate Resilient Varieties. Section 2 deals with the conservation agriculture and mitigation strategies, Biofertilizers helps in development of sustainable agricultural practices. Section 3 deals with impact of climate change on pest scenario across the crops and has given insight on possible avoidance of pests. Final sections deals with the agroforestry and how they can minimise their affect of climate change. Finally Section 4th deals with Impact of climate change crop and livestock sectors and strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Role of ICT and extension agencies on framing policies and effective dissemination of technologies were discussed.

Cereals are the major sources of energy and provide proteins, dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins and other nutritional factors to the human beings. Among cereals, wheat, barley, rice and maize are the major sources of food and feed. There are large numbers of cereal based products being consumed across the world all of which have specific quality requirements. In addition cereals have been explored for their use in several industrial applications such as bio-fuels and biodegradable products. Therefore, improving quality of cereals for food, feed and industrial applications has paramount importance in world economy. However, the improvement in the processing and nutritional quality of cereals depends on understanding the chemical and the genetic constituents governing quality traits. Excellent progress has been made in understanding the chemical and molecular basis of cereal quality. The book contains detailed aspects of the quality requirements of different products of wheat, rice, maize and barley and also the chemical and molecular components governing these traits. The strategy to improve these cereals using markers assisted selection and transgenic approach has been discussed in greater detail in the book.

The 2nd edition of book entitled "Principles of Meat Technology" has been designed and modified as per the recent requirement of the Veterinary Professionals and is entirely based on recent course-curriculum of Veterinary Council of India. All the topics included in VCI syllabus for Meat Science subject have been illustrated and discussed in detail with the supplementation of previous edition. The reference material and current scientific information on the subject has been uated which will be of immense value for meat processing industry and persons having some stakes in this subject. This book is broadly covering fresh meat and aquatic foods, their processing, preservation, packaging, standards and biotechnological applications in this specialized field with recent innovations. In this edition book will serve the purpose of impartation of knowledge, skill and uate material to acquaint the students of Veterinary Science. It is also due to upgradation of each and every of the book with recent knowledge and innovations. The themes mentioned in the syllabus of VCI is very well covered particularly meat structure, product's quality, handling and processing is very well documented. So authors believe that efforts put in this edition of book in form of material, scientific facts and language will help in understanding the meat science to the students of veterinary science, food science and technology, fish technology, meat technologists, academicians of this field, technicians engaged and the processors of animals and fish products.

Green Agriculture: Green agriculture is a sort of system which carries out agricultural production with â¿¿green technologyâ¿?. It's basic content is based on biological diversity; keeping harmony between nature and economy during the course of agricultural development, by producing agricultural products in a pollution-free and nuisance-free environment. Methods and technologies to cater with climate change, droughts, floods etc is also dealt in detail in the book. The book â¿¿Green Agriculture: Newer Technologiesâ¿? carries 18 s and covers most of the on farm adopted technology developed by our distinguished scientist mainly focusing, how to save the planet earth during agricultural activities through modern technology. The attempt is to highlight the recent agro-based development through newer technologies to make agriculture productive and eco-friendly.

This book addresses the important issues of food security and sustainability of natural resources of India in the context of the projected climate change. Agroecosystems being the sites of intense interaction between human beings and natural world, global climate change is likely to affect the resource base, the crop productivity, input use efficiency and overall the profitability of agricultural production systems to a great extent. However, the adverse effects of climate change can be alleviated through mitigation and adaptation strategies which carry importance due to the increasing population and food demand in India. Thus, this compilation covers possible sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in Indian context including the potentials of soil carbon sequestration, crop pest and soil management and scientific livestock management as mitigation and adaptation options. This book also includes some topics on fundamentals of green house effect and the possible mechanisms by which soil nutrient availability alters due to CO2 fertilization. The schematic diagrams, tables and graphs have been included to make the book more illustrative. The likelihood of carbon credits and trading through best management practices can help Indian farmers earning carbon credits in future. The book is useful for researchers, farm managers, policy makers and also students engaged in climate change related studies.

The present book is an attempt to give an understanding of the basic concepts and practical approach of the Cytology and Genetics. It covers all the spheres regarding cytology and genetics like information on microscope, cell division, Mendelian principle of heredity, linkage and their detection, gene mapping through recombination, multiple alleles, gene interaction and probability. The practical outlined in this manual will benefit the students and teachers of Biological and Agricultural Sciences.

The basic aim of this manual is to provide useful resource materials for training young students and faculties working in the area of plant systematics. The manual provides uated information on basic as well as applied aspects of plant systematics on various groups of plants like Algae, Lichens, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 to 3 describe the various approaches and methods to study microbial and fungal diversity, which is basically a very useful precursor to the students and young researchers. 4 and 5 provide deals with the multi-dimensional approaches in Lichen systematics. The book progresses upwards through the plethora of information on the diversity and systematics of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms ( 6-10). 11 to 15 contain on the plant methodological details identification, approaches and methods of Flora, revision, monograph and development of herbarium. This information is very important for the students and young faculties who intend to pursue their researches in plant taxonomy. 14 and 15 particularly provide all the relevant information on the International Code of Plant nomenclature including cultivated plants. These s per se are very significant for the amateur as well as serious readers of plant taxonomy. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics is a dynamic subject, as it derives information from various other disciplines like palynology, seed morphology, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, etc. We have, therefore, broaden the scope of this book by including the s on palynology, seed morphology, molecular systematics, biostatistics, ecological and remote sensing methods for diversity analyses, and pharmacognostical tools for identification of herbal drugs ( 16-22). The knowledge and information on these applied aspects of biology in relation to taxonomy will certainly infuse the interest in readers, who are pursuing plant taxonomy as their scientific pursuits. 23 and 24 describe the various methods of characterization and evaluation of ornamental and medicinal plants. The last (25) of the book provides the information about CSIR-NBRI Botanic Garden and its various repositories, which could be of great interest to the readers from the perspectives of plant conservation.

There are many reasons for drying plant materials and one of them is the abundance of available materials. It is estimated that about 80% of flower species can be dried and preserved successfully. Sophisticated training and expensive equipment are not needed to come up with variety of designs. Unlike fresh flowers that easily lose their marketable value and quality, dried ornamentals offer longer periods of sale if properly preserved, packaged, and handled. Another unique characteristic of dried ornamental is their versatility. They can be arranged into different crafts according to one's preferred style, design, and use. With the following contents the book is an attempt to popularize dry flower technology among students of horticulture, agriculture and amateurs

The book soil microbiology and biochemistry written in a comprehensive lucid manner, deals the issues concerned to the soil fertility, soil health, plant growth and soil biotechnology in relation to microbial activities. Special attention has been paid to the ecology, biochemistry and functioning of soil micro-organisms and their interactions. Thus, in a broad sense, the book shall prove useful tool to the students and teachers of microbiology and may also serve as an invaluable resource for students and teachers in soil science, soil ecology, biogeochemistry, environmental sciences, botany biochemistry, sustainable agriculture and resource management, both at under graduate and post graduate levels. This book has sixteen s with glossary of the terms often used in soil microbiology. The comprehensive introduction to soil microbiology and the rapid advances made in both fundamental knowledge and potential applications of soil microbiology e.g. history, ecology, habitats, diversification and functions of soil organisms, soil health and applied environmental topics is given in 1 to 3. The overview of the methods employed to study soil micro organisms is presented in 4. Microbial-mediated transformations of major nutrients (N, P, Fe, S, K, etc.) and other metals in soil are lucidly described in 5 to 9. The plant microbe interactions in soil, rhizosphere and phyllosphere is covered in 10 to 12 and these s provide comprehensive knowledge about mycorrhiza, plant growth promoting rhizosphere microorganisms, deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms, root pathogens besides enlightening the various types of soil microbial products of plant and Pesticide-microbe interactions also covers the effect on non-target microorganisms, pesticide persistence, accumulation and bio-magnification, co-metabolism, bioremediation, etc. A separate is devoted to the production and applications of biofertilizers and biopesticides. Organic waste recycling covers composting, vermin-compost, aquacultural reuse, land application, mushrooms and bio-energy production. The book keeps the learners abreast with the current trends and concepts in soil microbiology for easy comprehension. It also gives balanced coverage of fundamental and applied topics. Moreover, it introduces students to newly emerging field of soil biotechnology. The extensive glossary and index has been given at the end for easy study reference in understanding.

Plants constitute an excellent ecosystem for microorganisms. The environmental conditions differ considerably between the highly variable aerial plant part and the more stable root system. Microbes interact with plant tissues and cells with different degrees of dependence. The most interesting from the microbial ecology point of view, however, are specific interactions developed by plant-beneficial (either non symbiotic or symbiotic) and pathogenic microorganisms. Beneficial interactions are caused by symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria and a highly specialized type of fungi, the mycorrhizae. The pathogenic and detrimental interactions of microbes involve viroids, viruses, bacteria and fungi, and lead to infectious diseases affecting only the plant kingdom. Microflora composition of any agro-ecosystem is governed by the equilibrium created by the associations and interactions of all flora and fauna found in the community. In soil, microorganisms live in close proximity and interact among themselves as well as with existing plant communities in different ways, which could be beneficial (mutualism, commensalism, proto-cooperation) or neutral (epiphytic). These microbial interactions govern the functioning and stability of agro-ecosystem, playing significant role in the production and productivity crops. Hence, this book on Plant-Microbe Interactions is aimed at bringing out the recent developments in this field including the molecular mechanisms and proteomics involved in the establishment of Plant-Microbe Interactions. The book reviews the enormous diversity of plant associated microbes, and their molecular mechanisms, small molecules and proteomics involved in the establishment of their mutual interactions. Utilization of these rhizosperic, phyllospheric and endophytic microbes as nutrient providers, in combating phytopathogens and ameliorating the stressed and polluted soils is also explained. Importantly, the book also throws light on the unanswered questions and future direction of research in the field. It illustrates how the basic knowledge can be amalgamated with advanced technology to design the future bio-formulations. This book will be useful in providing latest information in this topic to Scientists, Researchers, Ph.D and PG students working in the field of Plant Sciences.

This fully revised and uated second edition contains uated information on working of different subassemblies that make a tractor. Uses of tractor for various agricultural and non agricultural operations are vividly described. Besides, uates are also incorporated on various implements, equipment and machinery developed in India for different agricultural operations, viz,. land preparation, sowing/planting, weeding, plant protection, harvest threshing, post harvest and agro-processing. Information on agriculture relation sections like special tools and equipment used in horticulture, water lifting devices, calibration of seed drills has also been given. The first edition was widely used as a standard reference book for graduate students in agricultural engineering and regular engineering colleges. The present edition would also serve the same purpose and can be used as a ready reference for the teaching staff in educational institutions and testing institutions, extension workers, scientists and farmers.