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Access to and control over land varies according to the level of vulnerability of rural households. The least vulnerable have the best land in terms of surface area and fertility. The most vulnerable have limited access to farmland. They no longer control this vital productive capital because of their extreme vulnerability, which forces them to pledge, rent or sell it. The land situation therefore remains very difficult for the majority of households in Yan Dari in central southern Niger: 16% of households control 42% of the land. This small fringe of the population is taking advantage of the new methods of access to land created by the monetarisation of the economy to dispossess low-income groups of their farms. Agricultural production follows the logic of access to and control over land. Less vulnerable households account for more than 50% of overall production. They have large surpluses, especially of food crops, on which they speculate. In contrast, the most vulnerable households are chronically short of food and are tied to the cycle of debt imposed by the first category.

By analysing the functional system of a district of the city of Kara, the book seeks to establish the difference between a process of ghettoisation and a form of identity protection. This is a neighbourhood that has resisted the violence of urban transformation for many years. Wiyaodè remains one of the few neighbourhoods to maintain traditional values through a semblance of spatial enclosure. If the morphology or physiognomy of this area suggests a ghetto under construction, or at least a relegated area, the various analyses have laid bare a protectionist dynamic of cultural values.

Didactics plays a fundamental role in teacher training. According to previous studies by Libâneo (2010), Longarezi and Puentes (2010) and Sguarezzi (2010), Didactics is experiencing a decline in its theoretical and scientific field. The general objective of this study is to analyze the state of research and intellectual production in the area of Didactics, from 2004 to 2010, in three Postgraduate Programs in Education in the southern region of Brazil. We opted for a quantitative-qualitative approach and used the multiple case study methodology. We carried out an interpretative analysis of the CAPES forms used to evaluate the three programs and the Lattes CVs of their professors. We used the programs' websites as a source of research and collected information on the research projects the professors are involved in and their intellectual output from their Lattes. We built a database for the project, at a national level, with the name of each program, their lines of research in Didactics, their projects, the professors responsible and their publications.

This work shows the importance of the Caatinga Biome and its biodiversity of flora and fauna, as well as the existing Conservation Units. As it is an exclusively Brazilian biome with a significant number of endemic species, people need to know about it so that they can preserve and conserve it. Research was carried out and some of the most frequent species were surveyed. The data was organized in a software program that will be used by teachers as a teaching tool. The software contains relevant information so that teachers can work with their students in an interactive way.

This book is intended as a tool for students, scholars and practitioners interested in deepening their understanding of the intersection between democracy, political theory and human rights. It is hoped that its pages will inspire new research approaches, promote interdisciplinary dialogue, and encourage critical reflection on the challenges and opportunities we face in the quest for a more just and equitable society. Ultimately, this book is a testament to the relevance and necessity of continuing to explore the boundaries of emerging lines of inquiry, and in doing so, we hope to contribute to a world in which human rights are recognized and protected in their broadest sense, and where political theory is a beacon guiding our efforts to build more inclusive societies respectful of human dignity.

This work was conceived with the aim of bringing to bear what was experienced during my undergraduate studies and not merely reproducing the knowledge of a specific thinker, but rather concatenating it into reflections that can add to and contribute in some way to the reality in which we find ourselves. To this end, the thinker chosen was the French-Algerian Jacques Derrida and his deconstructive proposal applied in a reflective way to the educational habitat in which I find myself: UNIOESTE Toledo campus. The reason for choosing this location can be answered by a question: How could I manage to problematise, reflect and instigate thoughts in any other places (classrooms, for example), if I can't do this with/at the university of which I am a part? It is important to emphasise that this work is introductory in nature, given that Derrida's bibliography is very broad and complex, but it is a first step in which two of his main works were used, namely: "The University without condition" (2003) and "The Eye of the University" (1999), which deal with unsystematic Derridean thinking in relation to the role of contemporary universities. What would this role be?

Executive secretarial professionals have been emphasising their entrepreneurial profiles. They are professionals who already perceive opportunities because their training is broad and encompasses various areas including entrepreneurship and business management, giving them a distinctive profile capable of creating and innovating. As a result, they set up their own businesses, managing them and applying their knowledge, skills and experience, thus fitting into the context of a business entrepreneur, since they are well prepared and academically qualified through their training. However, they stop acting as advisors to set up their own businesses, often in other areas, because they are unaware of the entrepreneurial possibilities that the profession offers them. The study aims to analyse whether the executive secretarial course is training professionals for the job market, their employability, performance or entrepreneurial training, encouraging entrepreneurship as a new professional aspect.

The teaching and learning process is the main means of guaranteeing the development of children's personalities, because through the content taught, they not only appropriate scientific content, but also the experiences accumulated by humanity over time, both in the social and cultural spheres.As part of cognitive psychology, the study of metacognition also requires an approach to the psychic processes that make up the cognitive activity system of the personality, which are crucial in the process of acquiring and using knowledge. Knowing, knowing how to know, determining what interferes in this process, from knowledge of the forms of reading, their qualities, motives and the mental operations involved in them; knowledge of the mental processes needed to achieve comprehension; the knowledge that the subject must have about writing and regulating the operations involved in the process of written communication; as well as knowledge, awareness, control, monitoring and self-regulation of the individual's own memory activity are all subjects covered in this book.

Entrepreneurial innovation management in university organisations has a very strong tendency towards continuous improvement in processes, products, services and management. It is also very important for teaching, research and extension, with entrepreneurial and innovative initiatives aimed at the needs of the community and society in general. The aim of this research was to identify, by means of an integrative systematic review, the contribution of entrepreneurial innovation management to university management. For this research, a bibliographical survey was carried out focusing on an integrative systematic review that presented a large number of articles on entrepreneurship in management. A bibliographical review was also carried out in order to strengthen the research. In general, based on the articles investigated, the importance of university management focused on processes, products and management in an entrepreneurial and innovative way was noted, these aspects being the competitive differential for organisational growth and development.

This book aims to address the issue of civil disobedience in the light of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, with the objective of verifying the possibility of recognising this institute as an implicit Fundamental Right as a result of the open clause contained in article 5, second paragraph of the Federal Constitution itself. The aim is to demonstrate the legitimacy of civil disobedience through this constitutional opening, which allows for the recognition of other rights and guarantees that are not explicitly stated in the Magna Carta. In order to achieve this objective, the principles of the Democratic State of Law, Popular Sovereignty and Citizenship were chosen, as these are the principles that can support the recognition of civil disobedience as an implicit Fundamental Right.

Wheat can be attacked by numerous diseases at different stages of development. These attacks can cause significant losses when the varieties used are susceptible and the environmental conditions are favourable to the development of the diseases. Rusts are one of the most damaging diseases affecting cereals, and can cause losses of up to 70% or even the entire crop on susceptible varieties. The aim of this study is to investigate the variability of yield and its components in a number of soft wheat genotypes under different stresses in the subhumid region of Béja. The results obtained show that a single application of foliar fungicide against yellow rust at ZGS 55 reduces the severity of the disease (by up to 60%) in susceptible soft wheat varieties. As a result, an advantage in grain yield and positive effects on yield components were observed. The disease can cause huge losses in grain yield, 1000-grain weight, yield per ear and biomass. These losses depend on the level of susceptibility of the genotype and the aggressiveness of the pathogen.

3D printing has revolutionized manufacturing processes since its inception in the 1980s, enabling not only the production of traditional products in new ways, but also the creation of completely new products and the development of previously unimaginable technologies. Today, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printers are widely recognized in additive manufacturing, and are the most common and well established on the market. 3D printing of metallic materials is less widespread due to the need for advanced technology, which increases costs throughout the process chain. This work aims to explore the use of the FDM technique in the production of metallic components, including high-value application areas such as bioresorbable biomaterials. Binary alloys, such as Sn-Bi, Sn-Pb, Sn-Cu and Mg-Zn, were developed as raw materials for 3D printing in the semisolid state. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the 3D thixoimprinting technique is feasible for the printing of metallic materials, representing an innovative process for the fabrication of metallic implants with bioresorbable properties.

This work is the result of research carried out at the Federal University of the Southern Frontier, located in the southern region of Brazil. The aim of the studies was to find answers about the model of higher education institution, implemented after the struggle of local social movements, which should enable the inclusion of young people from less favoured social strata. As a new model of higher education institution, it has a curricular matrix that differs from that of other universities, and it also takes care to ensure that its graduates are included, remain there and complete their courses. In the light of the analyses carried out, the UFFS can be considered a new university model: "a popular university".

This book examines the relationship between time management and the leadership of headteachers in the context of the quality of education in Goma, DR Congo. The results of the studies revealed that headteachers who manage time effectively are in a position of leadership to influence the development of the quality of education. However, in the context of the DRC, in Goma, headteachers tend to postpone by focusing on one task or responding to several requests at once, without defining the priorities of their mission. They take care of urgent tasks and fail to carry out important non-urgent tasks. It is therefore suggested that the researchers conduct a study to understand the reasons behind the perception of time and the leadership of headteachers focused on administrative emergencies and socio-relational demands. For headteachers, school managers, advisers, trainers and consultants, it is recommended that they read the research presented in this work and use it to strengthen their interventions and practice in time management and leadership.

The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation presented by high school students of the Military College "Eloy Alfaro", during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a non-experimental quantitative study with descriptive and relational scope that included students of the Third Baccalaureate of the "Eloy Alfaro" Military College. Anxiety was measured with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and finally, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale was used for suicidal ideation. In addition, socio-demographic data were collected. The research was carried out in person in the classrooms of the Military College, and the tests were applied physically and individually. We worked with 119 students, where 60% were male and 40% were female, 70% were 17 years old and 30% were between 16 and 18 years old. A low level of anxiety was identified in 80%, as for depression 80% showed low levels and 80% did not have suicidal ideation. There is a 60% relationship between anxiety and suicidal ideation, and between depression and suicidal ideation there is a 75% relationship.

Plato's Republic shows how the constitution of a being can occur from its understanding of the Universe. Man sees himself in a context in which there is no error. Reality is seen without question or doubt; you live the way you are told you should live, you eat what you are told you should eat, you think what you are told you should think; and so Greek man lives in a circle as a whole. However, there is the man who goes further and realises that reality can't be just that, it needs to exist more, live more and really think. This is the moment when man thinks and governs himself.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a construct that reflects the systemic social insertion of companies, which are always subject to formal and informal norms that are constantly changing in society. For this reason, the debate on this issue is an important arena for the political confrontation of interests. Starting from a critical analysis in the light of social psychology, it is important to understand the historical process, especially in Brazil, which has made the issue of social responsibility so relevant, as well as the current scenario in which it is inserted, the main target audience of these actions and the business discourse analysed in relation to the image disseminated by the company itself. To this end, a case study was used to explore how the corporate discourse relates to the categories of work and education, given that most of the existing projects focus on the issue of training for work. It is possible to identify the clearly established relationship between work and education as a form of training, exclusion approached in a naturalised way and partnerships between business, the state and civil society as a solution to social problems.

In 1948, Steiner performed an analysis of cancer registries in the United States of America, estimating that primary bone tumors constituted approximately 1% of malignant fetal tumors. A similar incidence of primary bone tumors was observed in Great Britain, ranging from 0.8% to 0.9%. A later statistic from the United States in v of 1.87:1000 000 among children under 14 years of age, auamento to 11.97:1000 000 deaths in persons aged 11 to 19 years. Since all bone components are derived from the mesoderm and have the potential to be composed of any of the four basic cell types: fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts and the reticulo-myelogenous series, a correct diagnosis requires complementary radiologic and pathologic backdrops as well as biochemical and hematologic investigations. The present research was focused on a retrospective, observational, quantitative, risk-free, quantitative study, based on the review of files and histological reports of patients who were treated at the Hospital de especialidades "Ignacio García Téllez" CMN IMSS.

Peanuts, whose scientific name is "arachis hypogea", this oilseed of South American origin, introduced to African coasts by slave traders between the 16th and 19th centuries, became a compulsory crop for all taxpayers in the circles of North Togo from 1935, under the effects of the economic crisis of the 1930s, until 1960, under the supervision of the Sociétés Indigènes de Prévoyance (SIP). The production, marketing and consumption of groundnuts set the pace for the economic and social life of the region's populations. Although a small producer in comparison with other West African territories, notably Senegal, Togo under French administration was nonetheless a regional development crop. In this book, the author examines the conditions under which groundnuts integrated the populations of North Togo into the territory's trading economy, and thus into the global economy, with all its advantages and disadvantages.

The main objective of this study is to analyse how the causes and consequences of absenteeism at work are perceived and managed in the organisation, from the point of view of its managers and employees. The fieldwork was carried out at EMATER, in the Technical Management sector, with the support of the supervisors and employees of the sector analysed. Through the collection of documents and semi-open interviews with six employees and two managers, it was possible to answer its four specific objectives: to identify absenteeism rates; to identify the formal causes of absenteeism; to identify the causes and consequences of absenteeism, in the perception of managers and employees; and to check the company's absenteeism control tools. It was found that, despite the high rates, absenteeism does not mean that programmes, projects and objectives set by the organisation are not being implemented. In view of this situation, concrete management actions are suggested to encourage employee attendance so that it does not become a factor that encourages further absences.

The focus of this work is the changes and interferences that have taken place in education. These stem largely from the interpellations made by economics and ethics. The function of education, which should be to promote ethical behaviour in individuals, promoting justice, solidarity and equality, cannot be left to a market that is incapable of creating the conditions for equality. The questions posed by the economy to education get the desired responses, in other words, the educational institution collaborates with the transformation of man into a mere labour force and consumer. This system has helped interpersonal relationships to enter into crisis, as society is now made up of values that translate into convenience, efficiency and economic profit. However, despite being immersed in the laws and rules of the dominant capitalist paradigm and utilitarian ethics, it is believed that it is possible to train the professional that the market wants, in tune with the individual who is aware of the need to act ethically. We must realise that the ethical issue is just as important as the economic one.

This dissertation aims to understand the strategic behavior of PR (Rádio Popular) via posts in the home appliance retail sector in Portugal. In this way, the theoretical study is defined by the historical contextualization and definition of Digital Advertising as a modern model where the brand, products and services are advertised in the strategic environment, through the use of the brand in the form of visual and audiovisual content on the most used platforms such as: Facebook, Instagram, Google and e-shop. However, the management reinforces the digital positioning to engage connected consumers who are interconnected on online platforms.In this context, strategies via posts in digital advertising will be analyzed to measure the practices used in retail in the domestic appliance sector in Portugal. Finally, the aim is to find out whether consumers have at their disposal forms of entertainment and interaction with the RP brand, as well as the competitor companies that served as a basis for exposing their level of value.

The way in which Covid-19 manifests itself is highly heterogeneous. The manifestations most frequently cited by patients of all ages are the classic signs of respiratory infection: fever and cough. A build-up of fluid in the bronchioles may also occur as a result of the infection, leading to breathing difficulties. This book will present the clinical, biological and radiological features of Covid 19, based on a literature search.

The text discusses a normative field, albeit little studied, with a relevant practical dimension in contract law, competition law, as well as in the field of civil liability, namely standardisation. We will therefore analyse the main aspects of standardisation at its current stage, its objectives, the types of standards, the actors and agents, the problems and its evolution. In a liberalised economy, standardisation aims to make traded products and services compatible. The possibility of standardising healthcare services has provoked vehement protests from various healthcare professionals, especially in European countries with stronger economies.

The state must answer for its financial interventions, especially when it uses the sovereign institute of public credit. Guaranteeing public finances and their extemporaneous taxation means republicanly maintaining national credit security and the morality of the public authorities. The Principle of Morality, which informs every activity of the Public Administration, requires it to conduct itself in a proficient and honest manner, always with the aim of realising a public purpose, following paths that are necessary and useful for achieving its objectives. The state must have an interest in preserving public credit, whether national or international, because sooner or later it will need to use it again. Since the Revolution of 1964, the priority position in government action has been to strengthen Public Credit and the government bond market, since using these instruments would make it possible to carry out programmes that are essential to the country's development. So there was no escaping the payment of Public Debt Policies.

The result of this work is a study on the importance and application of Law 11.645/08 - which directs public and private educational establishments to implement the history and culture of Africa, Africans, Afro-Brazilians and indigenous peoples in their curricula - as well as the presence of theatre as a pedagogical tool and, therefore, as a facilitator in the process of applying this law.

The clash between the health perspective and the body culture perspective influences the preparation of the Paraná State Public Physical Education Textbook (LDP-EF), which opposes the guidelines of the National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM), which defends the health paradigm. In this sense, the aim of this research was to analyse, in the light of historical-dialectical materialism, how and to what extent the content systematised in the LDP-EF can contribute to students' education. The proposals contained in the LDP-EF include actions similar to those in the documents criticised, emphasising solidarity and cooperation, which are essential elements for the social cohesion needed to maintain society. Although it contains proposals for activities that would apparently require students to be critical, creative, autonomous and free, it neglects systematised knowledge, which is a prerequisite for these elements. Contradictorily, there are aspects in the LDP-EF that offer students the possibility of understanding the contents of Physical Education: some analyses consider both the specificity of the contents and their relationship with the structure of capitalist society.

In this book, the author invites the reader to navigate the waters of gender relations, in the seas of power relations between male and female. Women in Masculine Waters is a book that brings together the results of research carried out between December 2010 and March 2011 into the insertion and trajectory of women in the fishing profession in the municipality of São José do Norte, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research was analysed from the perspective of the social constructions of gender, masculinities and power relations from a post-structuralist cultural studies perspective. This approach is essential for studying gender relations in the fishing industry of São José do Norte. In this work it is possible to see the invisibility of women in fishing and their subordination to their husbands, the result of unequal power relations. This book is recommended for students and professionals looking to deepen their knowledge of gender relations, as it offers them the results of life as it is. Happy reading!

During the process of automatic diagnostics of TCAS system, it is implied to monitor the current readings on the main leads by means of non-contact current meters. Analyzing the trend of technology development through the use of non-contact current measurement sensors indicates that sensors of this type are in high demand nowadays in many industries. Application of non-contact sensors will give the opportunity to develop a scheme of autonomous control by installing sensors on the current bus without stopping the production of a common on-board TCAS system. The vast majority of non-contact current sensors utilize the Hall effect principle of current sensing. This determines the main positive aspects of these sensors: their high sensitivity, galvanic isolation between the power and measuring circuits, no need to open the circuit to connect the sensors, a fairly wide range of operating temperatures.

This book brings together scientific articles and reviews that have already been published and which try, in some way, to understand Education and Philosophy through Nietzsche's vision. As such, the aim of the book is to create a dialogue through the collection of works with current and relevant themes to the scientific scenario, so that the reader can have contact with Nietzsche's philosophy within the educational discussion.