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From 2013-2022 the largest Stone Age excavation ever undertaken in Denmark, uncovered an entire fjord landscape beneath marine sediments at Rødbyhavn on the island of Lolland. Based on the excavations, Museum Lolland-Falster, in collaboration with Aarhus University and the Danish National Museum, organised an international conference on the topic of ¿LOST 2022 ¿ Changing Identity in a Changing World¿ on 16 and 17 June 2022 to discuss the time around 4000 BCE in Denmark and beyond from different angles.This book summarizes the conference and presents its main outcomes. It also gives an overview of the current state of research within the Femern project and sets them into context with the wider area. By including contributions from the Netherlands to Finland, the central position of Lolland as a corridor in the Stone Age is highlighted and discussed. The topics covered in this book deal with technological change, archaeological analyses of identity, aspects of landscape interaction and perception in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic.This book is aimed at specialists, students and the interested public alike, as it provides the first complete overview of the excavations of the Femern project and places them in context. At the same time, it serves as a basis for further studies on the material and highlights the challenges and possibilities of the archaeological record from the period around 4000 BCE.

The archaeological study of quarries focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the extraction process, while rock-hewn spaces have often been approached from the point of view of architectural styles or art-history. Nevertheless, a holistic structural approach to the study of these spaces could allow a better understanding of the agency of those who carved the stone.Stone quarries and rock-cut sites have rarely been included in global studies of historical landscapes and few are the forums dedicated to the theoretical and methodological debate over the importance that these sites have for the understanding of past societies. To fill the gap, the proceedings volume aims at providing new data on sites located in Africa (Ethiopia, and Egypt), Europe (France, Croatia, Italy, Spain) and Asia (Turkey, Saudi Arabia) studied with a diachronic approach, as well as new theoretical reflections for the international debate on the archaeological investigation of rock-cut spaces and stone quarries.Two directions structure this volume: the analysis of the individual rock walls, considering the study of tool traces as a proxy for understanding the carving phases, as well as the analysis of the structure (site/quarry) as a whole, by contextualizing the results of the study of the single walls.The volume mainly targets researchers who are willing to discover quarries and rock-cut sites as aspects of the same mining phenomenon: places in which specific empirical and handcrafting knowledge related to stone working is expressed and conveyed, but also a wider audience that is interested in these peculiar and impressive sites.ContentsForewordGabriele GattigliaI. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF QUARRIES AND ROCK-CUT SITESSavoir-faire and Technical Environment: Rethinking the Emergence of Rock-cut Tombs in the Neolithic MediterraneanMarie-Elise PorquedduWhat to Expect when you¿re Documenting and Excavating a Roman Quarry ¿ Monte del Vescovo, Istria, CroatiaKatarina ¿premTheorising Ancient Quarries: How Far Have We Come?Christopher J. LyesWhen Quarry Waste Explains Tool MarksDaniel MorleghemThe Hand, the Stone and the Mind: Exploring the Agency of Rocks in Quarrying TechniquesClaudia SciutoII. CARVED SITES AND CARVED LANDSCAPESHow do Rock-cut Architectures Interact with the Landscape? The Example of Prehistoric Rock-cut Tombs in Ossi, Sardinia (Italy)Guillaume RobinA Study of Quartzite (Silicified Sandstone) Quarries in EgyptDaniela GalazzoFirst Reflections on the Structural Analysis of Rock-hewn Caves in Lalibeläs Landscape, EthiopiaManon RouthiauQuarrying, Carving and Shaping the Landscape. Stone Working at Dadan, Northwest Arabia, in the First Millennium BCE and BeyondThierry Grégor, Jérôme Rohmer and Abdulrahman AlsuhaibaniUnderground and Open-pit Quarries in Polignano a Mare (Italy): a Preliminary InvestigationGermano Germano¿III. ROCK-CUT SITES AND QUARRIES: CRAFTS AND SOCIETIESThe Left-handed and the Ambidextrous: Methodological Considerations by Way of the Excavation of Rock-cut Churches Over the Long TermAnaïs LamesaQualifications of Craftsmen Who Dug Souterrains in France (10th-15th centuries) ¿ Preliminary ResultsLuc StevensThe Technique of Extracting Building Stone by ¿Stone-walling and Back-filling¿ in Paris: an Innovation of the Late Middle AgesJean-Pierre Gély and Marc Viré

The archaeological study of quarries focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the extraction process, while rock-hewn spaces have often been approached from the point of view of architectural styles or art-history. Nevertheless, a holistic structural approach to the study of these spaces could allow a better understanding of the agency of those who carved the stone.Stone quarries and rock-cut sites have rarely been included in global studies of historical landscapes and few are the forums dedicated to the theoretical and methodological debate over the importance that these sites have for the understanding of past societies. To fill the gap, the proceedings volume aims at providing new data on sites located in Africa (Ethiopia, and Egypt), Europe (France, Croatia, Italy, Spain) and Asia (Turkey, Saudi Arabia) studied with a diachronic approach, as well as new theoretical reflections for the international debate on the archaeological investigation of rock-cut spaces and stone quarries.Two directions structure this volume: the analysis of the individual rock walls, considering the study of tool traces as a proxy for understanding the carving phases, as well as the analysis of the structure (site/quarry) as a whole, by contextualizing the results of the study of the single walls.The volume mainly targets researchers who are willing to discover quarries and rock-cut sites as aspects of the same mining phenomenon: places in which specific empirical and handcrafting knowledge related to stone working is expressed and conveyed, but also a wider audience that is interested in these peculiar and impressive sites.ContentsForewordGabriele GattigliaI. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF QUARRIES AND ROCK-CUT SITESSavoir-faire and Technical Environment: Rethinking the Emergence of Rock-cut Tombs in the Neolithic MediterraneanMarie-Elise PorquedduWhat to Expect when you¿re Documenting and Excavating a Roman Quarry ¿ Monte del Vescovo, Istria, CroatiaKatarina ¿premTheorising Ancient Quarries: How Far Have We Come?Christopher J. LyesWhen Quarry Waste Explains Tool MarksDaniel MorleghemThe Hand, the Stone and the Mind: Exploring the Agency of Rocks in Quarrying TechniquesClaudia SciutoII. CARVED SITES AND CARVED LANDSCAPESHow do Rock-cut Architectures Interact with the Landscape? The Example of Prehistoric Rock-cut Tombs in Ossi, Sardinia (Italy)Guillaume RobinA Study of Quartzite (Silicified Sandstone) Quarries in EgyptDaniela GalazzoFirst Reflections on the Structural Analysis of Rock-hewn Caves in Lalibeläs Landscape, EthiopiaManon RouthiauQuarrying, Carving and Shaping the Landscape. Stone Working at Dadan, Northwest Arabia, in the First Millennium BCE and BeyondThierry Grégor, Jérôme Rohmer and Abdulrahman AlsuhaibaniUnderground and Open-pit Quarries in Polignano a Mare (Italy): a Preliminary InvestigationGermano Germano¿III. ROCK-CUT SITES AND QUARRIES: CRAFTS AND SOCIETIESThe Left-handed and the Ambidextrous: Methodological Considerations by Way of the Excavation of Rock-cut Churches Over the Long TermAnaïs LamesaQualifications of Craftsmen Who Dug Souterrains in France (10th-15th centuries) ¿ Preliminary ResultsLuc StevensThe Technique of Extracting Building Stone by ¿Stone-walling and Back-filling¿ in Paris: an Innovation of the Late Middle AgesJean-Pierre Gély and Marc Viré

From a mummy on board the Titanic to the pyramids¿ alignment with the stars, from psychoactive mushrooms to the lost realm of Atlantis: alternative interpretations of ancient Egypt, often summarised as ¿alternative Egyptology¿, have always focused on subjects that others shunned. Ever since the birth of scholarly Egyptology with the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script two hundred years ago, alternative interpretations and imaginative theories have flourished alongside it. They intertwined with egalitarian and spiritual tendencies in society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when ancient Egypt inspired countless mediums, artists, and movements from freemasonry to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. More recently alternative interpretations have inspired comic-book authors and nationalist Chinese bloggers.It would be a mistake, however, for academics to simply view these alternative theories as fantasies that are best ignored. Their lasting popular impact needs to be assessed and (publicly) addressed by Egyptology, but they may in fact also open up fresh perspectives for research. The contributors to this volume critically explore various aspects of ¿alternative Egyptology¿, assessing its impact on society and scholarship, and finding ways for Egyptology to relate to it.ContentsIntroductionBen van den BerckenLifting the Veil of Isis: Egyptian Reception and the Hermetic Order of the Golden DawnCaroline Tully¿Someone Who Has Power and Who Understands¿: Egyptology, Egyptosophy and the ¿Truth¿ about Ancient EgyptJasmine DayAleister Crowley¿s Egypt: The Stele of RevealingMaiken Mosleth KingMeasurement Standards and Double Standards: Reassessing Charles Piazzi Smyth¿s Egyptological ReputationDaniel PotterThe Orion Correlation Theory: Past, Present, and Future?Willem van HaarlemHigh Times in Ancient EgyptAndrea SinclairBatman and the Book of the Dead: Alternative Egyptology or ¿Just for Fun¿?Arnaud QuertinmontSphinxes of Mars: Science, Fiction, and Nineteenth-Century Ancient AliensEleanor DobsonDr Paul Schliemann: Reality or Fake News?Jean-Pierre PätznickWas Narmer a Chinese emperor? Alternative History of Ancient Egypt in ChinaTian TianThe Occult Egyptian Mural Discovered in a Brazilian Freemasons¿ TempleThomas Henrique de Toledo StellaThe Royal Son of the Sun: Christian Egyptosophy and Victorian Egyptology in the Egyptian Romances of H. Rider HaggardSimon MagusThe Pillar of Fire and the Sea of Reeds: Identifying the Locations along the Route of the ExodusHuub PragtEpilogueWillem van Haarlem

This book explores the relationship between Assyria and Urartu in Iron Age northern Mesopotamia through the lens of the so-called Thirdspace, focusing on the lived experience of marginalized subjects of that time such as deportees and POWs.

This book explores the relationship between Assyria and Urartu in Iron Age northern Mesopotamia through the lens of the so-called Thirdspace, focusing on the lived experience of marginalized subjects of that time such as deportees and POWs.

Modern receptions of Graeco-Roman Antiquity are important ideological markers of the ways we envisage our own twenty-first-century societies. An urgent topic of study is: what kinds of narratives ¿ sometimes controversial ¿ about Antiquity do people create for themselves at this moment in time, and for what reasons? This volume aims to showcase a number of illustrative examples, and thus to provide a deeper understanding of twenty-first-century reception of Antiquity.After a general introduction in Part I, the volume focuses on two main fields: controversies referencing ancient and modern literary works; and controversies surrounding heritage ethics.Part II takes literary evidence from the USA to Italy as its starting point: it shows how metaphors about early Christianity find their way into American conservative discourse; how Sparta is evoked in right-wing thinking in the USA, Germany, France and Scandinavia; and how Aeneas plays a role in recent Italian debates on migrations. The last paper discusses the depiction of classicists in modern novels.Part III focuses on heritage ethics and material culture, in first instance taking practices at the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden) ¿ on the display of death, queering and orientalism ¿ as case studies. The last paper delves into the history of the Via Belgica to show how antiquity has been weaponised for political aims for many centuries.Together, these papers show that academics should engage with the receptions of antiquity in the recent past and present. If they want their research and museum displays to be part of current reception, they should make their voice heard.About the EditorsKim Beerden is a lecturer in Ancient History at Leiden University, The Netherlands. She has published in the field of ancient divination, see her monograph Worlds full of signs: ancient Greek divination in context (Brill, Leiden: 2013; paperback 2021).Timo Epping is a museum educator at the National Museum of Antiquities (Leiden, The Netherlands). He has published several articles in journals for history teachers and museum education.ContentsPart I: IntroductionPrefaceKim Beerden1. Introduction: Stop the Steal!Frederick G. NaereboutPart II: Controversies and Literary Traditions2. Whose persecution? Early Christianity as a Metaphor in Contemporary American Political DiscourseK.P.S. (Renske) Janssen3. Spartans on the Capitol: Recent Far-Right Appropriations of Spartan Militarism in the USA and their Historical RootsStephen Hodkinson4. Leonidas Goes North: Swedish Appropriations of Sparta and the Battle of Thermopylae and their Wider European ContextJohannes Siapkas and Thomas Sjösvärd5. Pop Culture against Modernity: New Right-Wing Movements and the Reception of SpartaJulia Müller6. Fato Profugus. Aeneas the Refugee: an Italian DebateMarco Gay7. The Classicist as a Literary Character in Contemporary Literature: the Depiction of a DisciplineBarbara HollerPart III: Controversies and Heritage Ethics8. Ancient Death and the Contemporary World: the Role of Graeco-Roman Death in Museum DisplayPatricia Kret9. Queering the National Museum of AntiquitiesSuus van den Berg10. Dummie de Mummie: an Egyptian Body as the Undead, Oriental OtherDaniel Soliman11. Who Owns the Road to the Roman Past? The Case of the Via Vipsania aka the chaussée romaine, the Römerstrasse, the Romeinse kassei, aka the Via BelgicaLiesbeth Claes

This work is an intensive study of the unique and extremely rare Early Neolithic hoard of copper objects from Neuenkirchen (NE Germany), dating to around 3800 BCE.

Through photography, this book revisits the places museum collections were made, and the places they ended up in. It is a meditation on presence and absence.