Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Singapore

This volume presents a compilation of research works in civil engineering. All manuscripts in this volume were presented during the 2nd International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ICACE 2018) which was held at Parkroyal Hotel, Penang, Malaysia on 09-10 May 2018.  The editor(s) of the proceeding would like to express the utmost gratitude and thanks to all reviewers in the technical team for making this volume a success.

This book in the two volume set provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting into autoimmune diseases. In particular, the book covers the different aspects of linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease development to identify future effective approaches based on the gut microbiota for preventing these autoimmune diseases.Contributions in the book focuses on the role of microbiota/probiotics and their distinct mechanisms exerted in management of autoimmune liver, skin, thyroid, rheumatic and myopathic diseases. This could help in better understanding to design therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to prevent these autoimmune diseases.The book has an interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest immunology, medical microbiology and nutritional sciences will value its contribution. Overall, the book gives a new dimensions and insight in the aspects of microbial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.

The book contains peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Recent Developments in Cyber Security organized by the Center for Cyber Security and Cryptology at Sharda University in June 2023. This volume focuses on privacy and secrecy of information, cryptography, applications and analysis, cyber threat intelligence and mitigation, cyber-physical systems, cyber threat intelligence, quantum cryptography and blockchain technologies and their application, etc. This book is a unique collection of chapters from different areas with a common theme and will be immensely useful to academic researchers and practitioners in the industry.

This book investigates language choices in different domains among Syrian Arab Muslim families who came to Malaysia after war broke out in their country. It focuses on how Syrian Heritage Language (HL), Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), Classical Arabic (CA), and other languages that might be spoken by these families were maintained and/or shifted from the time these families came to Malaysia until the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most works on Syrian community in Malaysia are focused on social and humanitarian issues; none has explored how Syrians in Malaysia are managing their language use in connection with day-to-day communication and integration. As the Syrian community in Malaysia adapts by learning the host language, their mother language/s might experience a shift. The way the minority communities view their mother language by prioritizing or deprioritizing its use in the family milieu are factors that contribute to language maintenance and language shift (LMLS). As such, this book provides insights on how Syrian parents are managing their own and their children¿s language/s, along with the language of the host country.

This book primarily focuses on the authors¿ research and practical achievements in the field of photonic integrated phased arrays in recent years. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction on the concept, operation principles, and research progress of photonic integrated phased arrays is introduced. Then, detailed explanations of the optical antenna and array design in photonic integrated phased arrays are given. Combined with design cases of silicon-based optical phased arrays with different scales, the design methods for achieving low sidelobes are deeply researched, and the test principle and design of photonic integrated phased arrays are elaborated. Finally, the design, implementation, and test of photonic integrated phased arrays are illustrated through a detailed case study on the development of a silicon-based optical phased array chip and verify its short-distance space optical communication based on the chip.This book is dedicated to integrating the theory, design, processing, and test cases of photonic integrated phased arrays, and it provides a valuable reference for researchers and designers in the field of optical phased array technology.

This book reviews state of the art of polymeric biomaterials for regenerative medicine and highlights advances in both fundamental science and clinical practice. It summarizes the latest techniques in polymeric scaffold fabrication, delivery carriers, physiochemical property modulation, as well as their influence on the adhesion and performance of biomolecules, cells, and tissues. It also describes methods for creating biofunctional surfaces/interfaces and subsequently modulating the host response to implantable materials. Lastly, it discusses the applications of biomaterials and constructs in soft-tissue regenerative medicine. It is a valuable resource for materials scientists and engineers wishing to identify research priorities to fulfill clinical needs and provides physicians with insights into emerging novel biomaterials. This integrated approach also offers engineering students a sense of the relevance of materials science in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.In the second edition, most of the chapters are updated according to the latest progress of this research field. A new chapter on nerve regeneration is also included.

This book is a collection of contributions related to IndiäChina relationship beyond the issue of borders. It focuses on those elements that play important role in defining, continuing, and strengthening the interaction between the two countries. In doing so, it explores roles of language and linguistics, history and culture, politics and economy, and philosophy and sociology that mediated ancient and modern interfaces.The book observes the role of silk route in the economic, political, and scholarly exchanges between ancient civilizations and in the movement of Buddhism to China and other Asian nations. The contributors highlight how the two countries have co-existed in various eras and tackled issues of conflict and cooperation during lows and highs in the past and present. It pays special attention to the role of language and linguistic competence as an important component of socio-cultural comprehension of a society and introduces major innovations and challenges inteaching and learning the Chinese language.The wide-ranging contributions make the book an attractive resource for academics, think-tanks, diplomats, and researchers working on Asian/IndiäChina studies across the globe.

This book examines the abilities of new machine learning models for predicting ore grade in mining engineering. A variety of case studies are examined in this book. A motivation for preparing this book was the absence of robust models for estimating ore grade. Models of current books can also be used for the different sciences because they have high capabilities for estimating different variables. Mining engineers can use the book to determine the ore grade accurately. This book helps identify mineral-rich regions for exploration and exploitation. Exploration costs can be decreased by using the models in the current book. In this book, the author discusses the new concepts in mining engineering, such as uncertainty in ore grade modeling. Ensemble models are presented in this book to estimate ore grade. In the book, readers learn how to construct advanced machine learning models for estimating ore grade. The authors of this book present advanced and hybrid models used to estimate ore grade instead of the classic methods such as kriging. The current book can be used as a comprehensive handbook for estimating ore grades. Industrial managers and modelers can use the models of the current books. Each level of ore grade modeling is explained in the book. In this book, advanced optimizers are presented to train machine learning models. Therefore, the book can also be used by modelers in other fields. The main motivation of this book is to address previous shortcomings in the modeling process of ore grades. The scope of this book includes mining engineering, soft computing models, and artificial intelligence.

This book describes the resilient navigation techniques under the background of collaboration in swarm. The significance of this work is that it focuses on the navigation enhancement by collaboration in swarm rather than ground infrastructure, which exploit potentialities of swarm in GNSS restricted environment. Although unmanned swarm is receiving greater attention, both through theoretical research and through increasing mention in the industrial developments, the navigation promotion by effective and efficient collaboration remains largely unexplored. While my scholarly work has explored some of the modeling, error characteristic, fusion algorithm, fault detection, and isolation aspects of the ¿adaptive navigation system¿ (such as the navigation system of robots and ground vehicles, aircrafts, aerospace vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles), the present book proposes the specialized investigation on the navigation with the resilient character, which could maintain the performance by essential collaboration with members in swarm in GNSS degradation environment. This book focused on the resilient navigation techniques under the background of collaboration in swarm. The key techniques of collaborative resilient navigation are proposed, including the collaboration framework, collaborative observation modeling, geometry optimization, integrity augmentation, and fault detection. The experiments are also carried out to validate the effectiveness of the corresponding techniques.

The high-power grid-connected converters play a vital role in modern power system, realizing the conversion and transmission of electrical energy, and determining its safety, stability and efficiency. This book explores the advanced control strategies of high-power grid-connected converter to satisfy the high-power requirements in practical applications. Special attention is given to grid-connected converter modules in parallel operation to overcome the challenges of non-ideal power grid, power switches faults, and circulating current. Through the advanced control strategies presented in this book, the power capacity of grid-connected converter is flexibly increased with high-reliability and efficiency, thus expanding the application range of high-power converters in modern power system. To facilitate understanding, this book provides step-by-step model derivation and controller design for grid-connected converter. Meanwhile, it also provides the comprehensive simulation and experimental results to offer readers a deep insight into the control process of grid-connected converters. This book serves as a guide for electrical engineers and researchers involved in the development of high-power converters.

This book features a collection of high-quality research papers presented at the 10th International Symposium on Applied Computing for Software and Smart systems (ACSS 2023), to be held during September 15¿16, 2023, in Kolkata, India. The book presents innovative works by undergraduate, graduate students as well as Ph.D. scholars. The emphasis of the workshop is on software and smart systems and research outcomes on other relevant areas pertaining to advancement of computing.

This book was compiled by researchers of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, and Kunming University of Science and Technology. It has been the most comprehensive monograph about the bamboo resources in China until now. "Illustrated Flora of Bambusoideae in China" is composed of two volumes. Volume 2 consists of 18 chapters corresponding to 18 genera of the tribe Arundinarieae (i.e., Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Bashania, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum, Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus, Indocalamus, Menstruocalamus, Oligostachyum, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa, Sasaella, Thamnocalamus, Yushania). Sixteen forms, 17 varieties, and 397 species in 18 genera are included in this volume (430 taxa in total).

This book introduces high-temperature shock technology (HTS), a new method for ultra-fast synthesis of nanomaterials. HTS cannot only effectively avoid surface oxidation, agglomeration and immiscibility during the preparation of nanomaterials but also eliminate the defects or impurities of carbon-based nanomaterials. The book first presents the unique working devices of HTS. Then, it explains the working principle of its rapid heating and cooling rate at the millisecond level. In addition, the book highlights the latest research achievements of this technology in catalysis, batteries, carbon materials and new material devices, and puts forward the cost-benefit analysis and future development direction. Given its scope, the book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in materials, chemistry, new energy and other related fields, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.

This book covers virtually all aspects of image formation in medical imaging, including systems based on ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays) and non-ionizing techniques (ultrasound, optical, thermal, magnetic resonance, and magnetic particle imaging) alike. In addition, it discusses the development and application of computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD) systems in medical imaging.  Given its coverage, the book provides both a forum and valuable resource for researchers involved in image formation, experimental methods, image performance, segmentation, pattern recognition, feature extraction, classifier design, machine learning / deep learning, radiomics, CAD workstation design, human¿computer interaction, databases, and performance evaluation.

This book presents a case study of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) implemented by universities in Vietnam, making valuable theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions to the research in EMI which is currently a popular theme in the field of Higher Education. The importance of internationalization of higher education has been widely recognized by many countries all over the world. The spread of English as an international language has resulted in its crucial role in teaching and learning any disciplines. Globally, higher education in many non-English speaking countries has witnessed rapid expansion of (EMI) which was initiated in Europe, then to Asia and other continents which are featured with ¿Cultural Circles¿ spread in the world.Although there are many publications with the same theme available today, this monograph is unique because it is the first time to examine EMI classroom interaction from the cultural perspective specifically rather than from linguistic or pedagogical perspectives. It is a pioneering attempt to discuss in depth about cultural issues relating to EMI, namely (1) the social-cultural context of EMI classes in higher education; (2) the cultural backgrounds of EMI teachers and learners; and (3) culture interactions between teachers and learners in EMI classrooms. In addition, both quantitative and qualitative methods are employed to collect data from teachers and learners. Finally, a context-based model of EMI is proposed based on findings of this research.As a country within the Confucius Heritage Cultural Circle, Vietnam has been selected for this study because few studies to date are carried out in how EMI is culturally integrated to teaching and learning in the Vietnamese universities. This book is a joint effort by international academics, prepared for established scholars, researchers, educators, and research higher degree students who are interested in higher education, second and foreign language education and EMI teacher training.

This book explores how a long-term innovation can take place based on historical analyses of the development of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from the early 1950s to the mid-2010s. The RO membrane is a critical material for desalination that is a key to solve water shortages becoming serious in many places of the world.The authors conducted in-depth field studies as well as analyses of rich archival data to demonstrate how researchers, engineers, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers interacted each other for this material innovation to be realized. A series of historical analyses in this book uncovered that initial government supports, strategic niche markets, emergence of breakthrough technology, and company-specific rationales played significant roles for companies to overcome four types of uncertainty, technological, market, competition, and social/organizational ones, and enabled the companies to persistently invest in the development and commercialization of the RO membrane.This book depicts that innovation does not arise on a sudden, but that it is actualized through long lasting process with turns and twists, which is driven by many non-economic rationales beyond economic motives.

This book offers a brief but effective introduction to quantum machine learning (QML). QML is not merely a translation of classical machine learning techniques into the language of quantum computing, but rather a new approach to data representation and processing. Accordingly, the content is not divided into a "classical part" that describes standard machine learning schemes and a "quantum part" that addresses their quantum counterparts. Instead, to immerse the reader in the quantum realm from the outset, the book starts from fundamental notions of quantum mechanics and quantum computing. Avoiding unnecessary details, it presents the concepts and mathematical tools that are essential for the required quantum formalism. In turn, it reviews those quantum algorithms most relevant to machine learning. Later chapters highlight the latest advances in this field and discuss the most promising directions for future research.To gain the most from this book, a basic grasp of statistics and linear algebra is sufficient; no previous experience with quantum computing or machine learning is needed. The book is aimed at researchers and students with no background in quantum physics and is also suitable for physicists looking to enter the field of QML.

This book highlights the theories and research progress in gaseous detonation research, and proposes a universal framework theory that overcomes the current research limitations. Gaseous detonation is an extremely fast type of combustion that propagates at supersonic speed in premixed combustible gas. Being self-sustaining and self-organizing with the unique nature of pressure gaining, gaseous detonation and its gas dynamics has been an interdisciplinary frontier for decades. The research of detonation enjoyed its early success from the development of the CJ theory and ZND modeling, but phenomenon is far from being understood quantitatively, and the development of theories to predict the three-dimensional cellular structure remains a formidable task, being essentially a problem in high-speed compressible reacting flow. This theory proposed by the authors¿ research group breaks down the limitation of the one-dimensional steady flow hypothesis of the early theories, successfully correlating the propagation and initiation processes of gaseous detonation, and realizing the unified expression of the three-dimensional structure of cell detonation. The book and the proposed open framework is of high value for researchers in conventional applications such as coal mine explosions and chemical plant accidents, and state-of-the-art research fields such as supernova explosion, new aerospace propulsion engines, and detonation-driven hypersonic testing facilities. It is also a driving force for future research of detonation.

This book outlines the latest research on the design and fabrication of the biomaterials used in mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering for maxillofacial and orthopedic applications. The book is written based on integration and optimized concepts of 3 main parts 1) principle of tissue engineering; 2) mimicking of structure and function of scaffolds which is similar to extracellular matrix (ECM); and 3) mimicked scaffolds for tissue engineering in maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery. The content of this book which is interdisciplinary in nature caters to medical product designers, materials scientists and engineers, biologists, and surgeons who have interest in the field of bone tissue engineering.

This book introduces the role of cation¿¿ interactions in chemistry, biology, and polymer materials science. Since the cation¿¿ interaction was defined in 1990, its importance has been recognized in a variety of fields due to its relatively significant interaction energy. A number of examples are introduced in which the contribution of cation-¿ interactions was evidenced by X-ray structures, spectroscopies, computations, and other means. The latest developments in these areas are remarkable; therefore, many recent examples are included.As this book covers the basic aspects of the applications of cation¿¿ interactions it is useful for students and researchers in a wide variety of scientific fields. In addition, the book will not only facilitate understanding of the phenomena occurring in various systems but also provides insights into the design of new catalysts, reactions, and materials.

This book explores the molecular mechanisms of iron hemostasis in the brain and discusses the cognitive and behavioral implications of iron deficiency. It presents the effect of iron dysregulation on neurophysiological mechanisms. The book provides an overview of iron metabolism and homeostasis at the cellular level and its regulation at the mRNA translation level. It emphasizes the importance of iron for brain development in fetal and early life in preterm infants.Further, it presents iron metabolism as a therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatment against neurodevelopmental diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. It discusses the role of iron deficiency in sleep disorders and offers diagnosis and treatment of iron-related CNS diseases. Finally, it relates dysregulated expression of iron-related genes in brain tumors.

This book presents the select proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring & Engineering Structures (SHM&ES 2021) held at the University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam, during 13¿14 December 2021. It covers the recent advances in the fields related to structural health monitoring, damage detection and assessment, non-destructive testing, inverse problems, optimization, artificial neural networks, and evaluation. This book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of health monitoring of engineering structures.

This book collects research papers on the economic and social impact of earth sciences. It covers topics related to weather forecasting, climate modelling, monsoon variability, air pollution, heat and cold wave, deep sea mineral and living resources, ocean state monitoring, tsunami and earthquake monitoring, desalination, coastal research, etc. The book focuses on the activities of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, India, in promoting the societal and economic impacts of earth science research in a simple language and in the form of stories and case studies, so that people with basic science degree can understand them.

This book focuses on X-ray spectroscopy for chemical state analysis covering X-ray physics, spectroscopic characteristics used for functional and toxic materials, and the author's ideas related to X-ray experiments. This book also provides novel theoretical interpretations of X-ray spectra along with experimental techniques needed for both synchrotron radiation users and laboratory experimentalists. Presenting not only practical information, this book also covers basic knowledge of commercially available spectrometers and the basic physics of optics and electromagnetism related to X-rays. Furthermore, the author introduces the forgotten history of X-ray physics in the beginning of twentieth century. This book is of use for researchers studying catalysts, charge-transfer materials, surface characterization, and toxic trace elements via X-ray spectroscopy for chemical state analysis as well as quantitative analysis.

The book is a collection of the best-selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Recent Trends in Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Cities, and Applications (ICMISC 2023) held in September 2023 at the CMR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. This book will contain articles on current trends in machine learning, the internet of things, and smart city applications, emphasizing multi-disciplinary research in the area of artificial intelligence and cyberphysical systems. The book is a great resource for scientists, research scholars, and PG students to formulate their research ideas and find future directions in these areas. Further, this book serves as a reference work to understand the latest technologies used by practice engineers across the globe.

This book contains papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive based Information Processing and Applications (CIPA) in Changzhou, China, from September 22 to 23, 2022. The book is divided into a 2-volume series and the papers represent the various technological advancements in network information processing, graphics and image processing, medical care, machine learning, smart cities. It caters to postgraduate students, researchers, and practitioners specializing and working in the area of cognitive-inspired computing and information processing.

This book focuses on case studies from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Thailand and the USA in various ground improvement projects. It highlights new applications and trends in ground improvement geo-system including recycling, geo-environmental consideration and preservation of world cultural heritage. The contents will be useful for researchers and engineers to understand how the principles of ground improvement methods are executed in the site, basis of selection of a particular ground improvement technique in a project, cost-benefits of such methods, etc. This volume will also be a useful guide for beginners and intermediate-level practitioners dealing with geotechnical construction projects or who have interest in the development and practical application of ground improvement techniques. Engineers and researchers will find it helpful in developing, advancing and applying their techniques in the field.

This book provides a critical overview of contemporary world issues in Language and Literary Studies. It offers specific ideas as to how to move away from the traditional literary canon, on the one hand, and traditional native-speaker norms in English language teaching, on the other. It delivers a global perspective of both the growth and the challenges in ELT studies around the world. Following the introduction, the first section of the book contains chapters from international scholars on recognizing and diversifying Englishes in today¿s language and translation classrooms. Specifically, the chapters focus on issues such as the cultural hegemony of a monolithic English, English and university pedagogy, English as a gatekeeper, and the role of a reconceived English education in promoting cross-cultural understanding. The second section focuses on the interaction of literature and culture, with specific chapters focusing on decolonizing the traditional literary canon, defining a global text, representing cultural interactions in literary texts, and emerging genres in contemporary English literature. Both sections of the book question the existing boundaries in a post-2020 world, specifically in a non-western world. It is an indispensable resource for scholars in cultural studies, linguistics, and literary studies.