Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Singapore

This book explores how China's industrial transformation and development depend on technology and innovation and how considerations about issues associated with technology and innovation may affect China's development strategies. Market-oriented reforms initiated four decades ago have constantly fueled a high speed of development in China. The country's industrial structure has experienced rapid evolution. In the meantime, especially in the general context of globalization, the country has also opened to foreign trade and foreign direct investment, transforming itself from a virtually completely closed economy into a major trading nation and the largest developing country destination for foreign direct investment in the world. Technology is thought to be one of the key driving forces that shape the transformation of the Chinese economy. Owing to different speeds of innovation and technology diffusion, uneven development is one major issue in the process of China's industrial transformation under new trends of globalization. Substantial disparities across different Chinese regions, e.g., the gaps in regional industrial development and those in incomes and living standards, have been one prominent feature of China and are (needless to say) closely related to different speeds of innovation and technology diffusion. The relationship between technology diffusion, innovation, and industrial development is an important yet complicated issue that deserves careful study. Considerations related to technology and innovation play a crucial role in leading and shaping China's development strategies and routes. Sustainable development of China creates strong pressures for continuous transforming, upgrading, and restructuring of the Chinese economy, and in all of these processes, innovation and technology diffusion play a fundamental role. The book presents to the interested reader facts, thoughts, models, empirical results, and discussions that shed light on those issues.

This book argues that large corporations need to implement governance practices and processes that make them better innovators and that the challenge is to identify organizational principles and practices that provide the best chance of delivering innovative products to create a meaningful consumer experience. In this context, it is important to recognize that when we address organizational forms, we are not thinking of corporate governance in the sense of managing agency costs and ensuring regulatory compliance, but the more pressing business task of putting in place organizational systems and processes that facilitate value creation through continued and sustained innovation. The book examines how the contemporary concept and discourse of corporate governance may be obsolete or, at least, is increasingly disconnected from the needs and realities of the most innovative firms today. The concept of organizing for innovation-identifying process and practices that deliver the best opportunities for innovation-needs to take centre stage. This book aims to contribute to the nascent debate in this area by bringing together a series of chapters that examine various issues related to organizing for innovation.

This book starts from the design requirements of variable geometry turbines for marine gas turbines. It systematically and comprehensively introduces the flow mechanism and characteristics of variable geometry turbines, aerodynamic design methods, variable vane turning design methods, structural design technology of the variable vane system, aerodynamic characteristics and reliability test technology for variable geometry turbines, and so on.

The book focuses the openness of Chinese copyright law and patent law, namely the right limitation and exception rules (as the IP-internal balancing mechanism) and the right enforcement and protection (as the IP-external balancing mechanism). It examines the highlights of the 3rd and 4th amendments to the Chinese copyright law, patent law and the trademark law, addressing the most debated questions during these amendments. This book also takes a comparative approach to study the legislations and case laws in the USA, EU and China. The comparison covers the legislation, case decisions, which could offer useful clues for legislators to revise the current law, for judges to decide the cases about relevant topics and lay down their market plans. Moreover, this study also provides several recommendations for the right holders who are currently operating or planning to operate in China, regarding the de facto protection levels of their IP rights, the risks of right infringement and litigation costs as well as the trend of the goalsetting in their intellectual property strategy.

This book explores the reconstruction after the 2015 Gorkha Nepal earthquake, on the basis of the author's first-hand experience that has been validated with empirical evidence. Unlike other advocacy and academic literature, the book takes readers close to the ground where the activities took place. This book describes Nepal's efforts to rebuild private housing from the preparatory to the concluding stages, and the obstacles faced and overcome along the way. It assesses the consequences of the policy level decisions and also examines the relevance, utility and future use of damage assessment surveys that were carried out in the country. In addition, lessons from the housing grant payment through the banking system, impending reasons for housing non-compliance to building standards, experimentation with resilient resettlements and unresolved issue of urban regeneration have been also delved in. The ground realities revealed that the aid architecture requires further carving out. The last three chapters have attempted to capture the macro level picture of the reconstruction and recovery endeavors: contribution to national economy, structural resilience and comparative overview of Nepal's delivery in global context. As an intimately involved professional with the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, Dr Shrestha is the authority from whom a holistic understanding can be attained regarding the response of Nepal's state and society to the Earthquake. His study will have ramification at national and global scale in handling with inescapable natural calamities.                                                                                            Kanak M. Dixit, Journalist and Heritage ConservationistDr. Shrestha's book provides rare insight and perspective on the issues and challenges of governance during the complex journey to reconstruction and future resilience, reflecting his long and intense engagement in the post disaster recovery and reconstruction.                                                                                    Vivek Rawal, Director, People-in-Centre, Ahmedabad, India     This collection of balanced insightful essays methodically explores topics such as government decisions and aid during the earthquake recovery combining lived experience and a research approach to reveal lessons and future considerations.                                                                                                                                                          Loren Lockwood,                                                                                                                                      Former National Coordinator,                                                                                                Housing Recovery and Reconstruction Platform Nepal

This book investigates in detail model-based fault diagnosis methods, including observer-based residual generation, residual evaluation based on threshold computation, observer-based fault isolation strategies, observer-based fault estimation, Kalman filter-based fault diagnosis methods, and parity space approach. Studies on model-based fault diagnosis have attracted engineers and scientists from various disciplines, such as electrical, aerospace, mechanical, and chemical engineering. Pursuing a holistic approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, while emphasizing the importance of state-space approach. The methods introduced in the book are systemic and easy to follow. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in fault diagnosis and state estimation, researchers investigating fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control, and control system design engineers working on safety-critical systems.

This book starts from the premise that honest and constructive dialogue between scholars and educators of interculturality, especially from different geopolitical spheres, is needed more than ever. The book is about the important and yet contested notion of interculturality-a notion used in different fields of research. It was co-written by two scholars who have never met before and who got to know each other intellectually and personally in the process of writing this book, using interculturality as a looking-glass. (Re-)negotiating meanings, ideologies and their own identities in writing the chapters together, the authors enter into multifaceted dialogues and intercommunicate, sharing while accepting disagreements. The co-authors' different profiles in terms of geography, generation, status, preferred paradigms and multilingual identity (amongst others) are put forward, confronted, and mirrored in the different chapters, leading to the joint negotiation of aspirations concerning interculturality in communication and education. While describing their current takes on interculturality they also conduct autocritiques of their past and present engagement with the notion. The following questions are also addressed: Who is talking the most about interculturality in the world today? Whose voices are not heard? How to disrupt current hegemonies around the notion for real? And how to promote epistemological plurality in the discourses and narratives shaping our understandings of the notion? Autocritiquing is proposed as a way of unthinking and rethinking interculturality ad infinitum. This book argues that engaging with the notion requires constant self-reflection, examining one's positionality and intersectionality, listening to the voices that one projects onto the world of, e.g., research and education, and operating transformations in one's thinking, trying out new paradigms, ideologies and methods. 

To understand phenomena in nature, it is important to focus not only on properties of stationary states, but also their changes in time, that is, the dynamics between bistable states. This book reviews the mechanics of first-order phase transitions and discusses relaxation and collapses of metastable states from various viewpoints, including Kramers' method for the lifetime of metastability, Langer's analysis on the singularity, effects of thermal fluctuation studied by Neel and Brown, and eigenvalue structures of the transfer-matrix for the phase transitions. The book also goes into the mechanics of metastability in quantum systems from the viewpoints of the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian and the Liouvillian for a dynamical process and discusses relations between quantum tunneling processes and metastability therein. Lastly, the coercivity of magnets consisting of an ensemble of grains is reviewed.The book is beneficial for those new in the field as a primer on first-order phase transition from modern perspectives. The comprehensive content offers overviews of related topics and allows readers to quickly catch up with developments in the field.

This book is the result of an elaborate project initiated by the Joint Technical Committee (JTC-1) of 1) the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2) the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, 3) the International Society for Rock Mechanics, and 4) the International Geotextile Society, with the focus on natural slopes and landslides. The framework of the book sets out the steps, based on recent disaster experiences in the twenty-first century, leading to the assessment of earthquake-induced landslide hazards. It contains: 1) important cases of landslides triggered by earthquakes around the world; 2) investigation into the characteristics of ground motion site response; 3) methods to determine landslide susceptibility and triggering thresholds and their comparative study; and 4) commentary on the production of earthquake-induced landslide hazard maps. All the contents are the result of the latest research on related areas. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, designers, consultants, academicians, government officials, and all others who are involved in the mitigation of coseismic landslides. The book contributes toward the development of a new chapter in disaster prevention and mitigation of landslides induced by earthquakes. 

This book aims at providing cases with inspiring findings for global researchers in capacity allocation and reservation. Capacity allocation mechanisms are introduced in the book, as well as the measures to build models and the ways to achieve supply chain coordination. In addition, it illustrates the capacity reservation contract and quantity flexible contract with comparisons and some numerical studies. The book is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the background and the latest development of the research. Chapter 2 introduces how to manage downstream competition through capacity allocation in symmetric market, including proportional mechanism and lexicographic mechanism. Demand competition is introduced in Chapter 3 as well as the uniform allocation mechanism and the comparisons among three different mechanisms. In Chapter 4, we give information about demand competition with fixed factor allocation, and the comparison with other allocations. Chapter 5 provides the optimal strategies under fixed allocation with multiple retailers and the impacts of fixed proportions. Chapter 6 illustrates how to achieve supply chain coordination through capacity reservation contract and its comparison with the quantity flexibility contract, and in Chapter 7 we describe outsourcing decisions and order policies in different systems with some numerical studies. We sincerely hope that this book can provide some useful suggestions and inspirations for scholars around the world who have the same interests in this field. 

This book deals with several types of multi-dimensional control problems in the face of data uncertainty for vector cases-multi-dimensional multi-objective control problem with uncertain objective functionals, uncertain constraint functionals, and uncertain objective as well as constraint functionals, uncertain multi-dimensional multi-objective control problem with semi-infinite constraints, uncertain dual multi-dimensional multi-objective variational control problem, and second-order PDE&PDI constrained robust optimization problem. The book provides the solution approaches-an exact l1 penalty function approach, modified objective approach, robust approach-in the simplest way to solve the recent developing optimization problems in the sense of uncertainty. 

This book presents the study to design, develop, and implement improved PI control techniques using dead-time compensation, structure enhancements, learning functions and fractional ordering parameters. Two fractional-order PI controllers are proposed and designed: fractional-order predictive PI and hybrid iterative learning based fractional-order predictive PI controller. Furthermore, the proposed fractional-order control strategies and filters are simulated over first- and second-order benchmark process models and further validated using the real-time experimentation of the pilot pressure process plant. In this book, five chapters are structured with a proper sequential flow of details to provide a better understanding for the readers. A general introduction to the controllers, filters and optimization techniques is presented in Chapter 1. Reviews of the PI controllers family and their modifications are shown in the initial part of Chapter 2, followed by the development of the proposed fractional-order predictive PI (FOPPI) controller with dead-time compensation ability. In the first part of chapter 3, a review of the PI based iterative learning controllers, modified structures of the ILC and their modifications are presented. Then, the design of the proposed hybrid iterative learning controller-based fractional-order predictive PI  controller based on the current cyclic feedback structure is presented. Lastly, the results and discussion of the proposed controller on benchmark process models and the real-time experimentation of the pilot pressure process plant are given. Chapter 4 presents the development of the proposed filtering techniques and their performance comparison with the conventional methods. Chapter 5 proposes the improvement of the existing sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) to form a novel arithmetic-trigonometric optimization algorithm (ATOA) to accelerate the rate of convergence in lesser iterations with mitigation towards getting caught in the same local position. The performance analysis of the optimization algorithm will be carried out on benchmark test functions and the real-time pressure process plant.

This book is a culmination of sustained research work on the evaluation of cricket and its management to imbibe a balance between its various formats by using data and analytics. The book has identified three primary stakeholders-administrators, players and spectators-each having their own ambitions. In order for convergence of these ambitions, it has prescribed the networked governance in place of hierarchic governance for the International Cricket Council (ICC), the cricket's apex body. This book aims at creating a balance between formats that each country should play. There is as much dearth of academic research on this topic, as there is abundance of individual viewpoints from professionals related to the game. Hence at the outset, the book has created a  action points and has underlined the lack of convergence with present way of governance. This book has created a meta-metric framework for formative assessment of influence across cricket formats. In order to assess the influence of T20 on test matches and on India's performance, a comparison between pre-IPL period (1998-2007) and post-IPL period (2008-2017) by using this framework has been done.

This book encapsulates and occupies recent advances and state-of-the-art applications of nature-inspired computing (NIC) techniques in the field of bioinformatics and computational biology, which would aid medical sciences in various clinical applications. This edited volume covers fundamental applications, scope, and future perspectives of NIC techniques in bioinformatics including genomic profiling, gene expression data classification, DNA computation, systems and network biology, solving personalized therapy complications, antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens, and computer-aided drug design, discovery, and therapeutics. It also covers the role of NIC techniques in various diseases and disorders, including cancer detection and diagnosis, breast cancer, lung disorder detection, disease biomarkers, and potential therapeutics identifications.

This book presents a case study on lexical error analysis in the translation products of Arab English majors at the university level with important implications for Arabic-speaking countries. It provides detailed analyses and explanations of the main lexical areas that cause specific difficulties for these students, while also identifying their potential sources. The respective chapters discuss several areas related to the context of the research, the field of SLA, error analysis, language transfer, error taxonomies, language learning, language teaching, and translation training.The analyses and findings presented here contribute to the linguistic field by developing a comprehensive list of lexical error categories based on form, content, and origin of influence regarding translation products. In addition, the book sheds light on the pedagogical aspects contributing to the enhancement of ESL/EFL teaching in the Arab context as well as other contexts where English is taught as a foreign language. The book will help educators and curriculum writers in designing materials, and language researchers as a groundwork for their studies of L2 learners' written products.

This book is concerned with the fault estimation problem for network systems. Firstly, to improve the existing adaptive fault estimation observer, a novel so-called intermediate estimator is proposed to identify the actuator or sensor faults in dynamic control systems with high accuracy and convergence speed. On this basis, by exploiting the properties of network systems such as multi-agent systems and large-scale interconnected systems, this book introduces the concept of distributed intermediate estimator; faults in different nodes can be estimated simultaneously; meanwhile, satisfactory consensus performances can be obtained via compensation based protocols. Finally, the characteristics of the new fault estimation methodology are verified and discussed by a series of experimental results on networked multi-axis motion control systems. This book can be used as a reference book for researcher and designer in the field of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control and can also be used as a reference book for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities. 

This book provides essential information on Petri net theory and Petri net-based model checking methods. As for the Petri net theory, it involves the interleaving semantics and concurrency semantics of elementary net systems, some important net structures (e.g., invariant, repetitive vector, siphon, and trap), some classical net subclasses with special structures (e.g., state machine, marked graph, free-choice net,asymmetric-choice net, normal net, and weakly persistent net), and some basic properties (e.g., reachability, liveness, deadlock, and soundness). It also involves four high-level Petri nets: knowledge-oriented Petri nets, Petri nets with insecure places, time Petri nets, and plain time Petri nets with priorities, focusing on different fields of application. As for the model checking methods, this book introduces readers to computation tree logic (CTL), computation tree logic of knowledge (CTLK), and timed computation tree logic (TCTL), as well as Petri net-based methods for checking them. The basic principle of the reduced ordered binary decision diagram (ROBDD) is employed to compress the state space used in these model checking procedures. The book also covers time-soundness for time Petri nets and secure bisimulation for Petri nets with insecure places, both of which are based on the bisimulation theory. As such, it offers an introduction to basic information on bisimulation theory.

This book describes in detail a method of direct optimization, which makes it possible to choose the best trajectory of an aircraft in conditions of its limited resource. This can happen in the event of an emergency on board, associated with both a possible equipment failure and external influences, for example, when lightning strikes an aircraft or collides with a moving object. The highlight of this book is the fact that the results presented in it can be applied universally to the choice of the flight path of large and small aircraft, as well as helicopter technology. In addition, they take into account various conditions of aircraft flight, including a possible accident. The methods and algorithms presented here can be used as the basis for the creation of automatic collision avoidance systems, as well as the choice of the best aircraft trajectory for flights in different regions and in different conditions.

This book summarizes achievements of the study on circulation and air-sea interaction and development of the ocean observation network in the South China Sea in the last 20 years, thus serving as a comprehensive reference book to understand the dynamic environment in the SCS. It consists of seven chapters, briefly reviewing our understanding of the SCS circulation and air-sea interaction in chapter 1, then describing in detail the upper layer circulation from large scale (SCS through flow, SCS western boundary current, etc.), to meso- and submeso-scale in Chapters 2 and 5, dilute river plume and coastal upwelling over the shelf in Chapter 3, deep ocean circulation in Chapter 4, tropical cyclone activities and air-sea flux at the interface in Chapter 6, and the construction of the observation network and database in Chapter 7. Besides the basic features of these physical processes, the book also discusses their variations and fundamental dynamics. Thus, it is written in a way that meets the different information demands from researchers working in various marine related fields. 

This book presents recent and upcoming technological advancements in millimeter-wave (mm-wave), infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) frequency spectrums. The scope of this book includes a significantly long portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting from the mm-waves (i.e. 30 GHz) and extended up to the end of the near-IR spectrum (i.e. 450 THz). Most significant aspect of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is that it includes a frequency regime where the gradual technological transition from electronics to photonics occurred. The book especially focuses on the recent advancements and several research issues related to materials, sources, detectors, passive circuits, advanced signal processing and image processing algorithms for mm-wave, IR and THz frequency bands. The book covers a very wide range of readers from basic science to technological experts as well as research scholars.

This book establishes a measurement index to quantify China's mass media public credibility, based on extensive research and the encapsulation of measurement theories and approaches related to media public credibility, as well as numerous empirical case studies from the international academic community over the past hundred years. The investigation into the current state of Chinese mass media public credibility and discussion on practical approaches to enhancing such public credibility is highly significant in the context of research on media public credibility. The book focuses on two fundamental issues: i) investigating the basic factors the Chinese audience values as the yardstick for media credibility, and ii) formulating a media public credibility measurement scale. Relying on data from investigations, the authors analyze the importance of various assessment benchmarks for measuring media public credibility and the characteristics of public credibility assessment. Lastly, a measurement scale is created by screening and analyzing measurement indices with statistical methods such as exploratory and authenticated factor analyses and credibility and validity testing, which is of high theoretical and practical scientific value.

This book presents the basics of building various types of amplifiers, the most widely used in the composition of modern specialized radio receivers, as well as the principles of building digital radio receivers. The rapid development of modern telecommunications systems, aviation equipment, and space systems for various functional purposes, as well as new information technologies, is inextricably linked with the theory of building radio receivers. Radio receivers are an integral part of the radio line, which largely determine the quality of its operation, both in normal operating conditions and in a complex interference environment. Since the creation of the first lightning detector in 1895, the technique of radio receiving devices went a long way to the development of modern automated digital systems. 

This book presents a methodology for assessing environmental safety in civil aviation. The methodology allows the comparison of different technological processes and evaluates their impact on the environment. At the same time, the medical and demographic indicators for ecologically unfavorable territories are compared with similar indicators in the control (background) territories in the same climatic and geographical zones. This book contains methodological recommendations for the creation of the system for ecology safety in the organizational structures of civil aviation.  This book is  useful to a wide audience-students of aviation, lecturers, as well as specialists in the field of ecology and those involved in ensuring the necessary ecology requirements at aviation enterprises.

This edited book stands as a one place knowledge hub for plant metal(loid) transporters. The book comprehensively covers holistic aspect of metal(loid) transporters involved in uptake and translocation of essential as well as toxic metal(loid)s. Essential and beneficial metal(loid)s are required in every biological process for normal plant growth and development, however in excess they are toxic. There are toxic metal(loid)s also whose accumulation in plants interferes with normal cellular functioning and hampers growth of plants. Hence, metal(loid) uptake and accumulation in plants is a highly regulated phenomenon involving the role of several transporters, enzymes, metabolites, transcription factors and post translational modifications. The book contains chapters from the experts and the contents of the book are presented in simple language and represented through beautiful and scientifically informative figures and tables. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, doctoral and graduate students working in the area of plant physiology, environmental biotechnology, plant biotechnology metal(loid) stress, phytoremediation and crop biofortification.

This book presents the design of modular architecture flight simulators. Safe transportation of people and goods is one of the main directions for the development of the world economy. At the same time, in conditions of constantly increasing intensity of air traffic, the actions of people, responsible for piloting aircraft and air traffic control are of particular importance. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the process of training such specialists. This book describes various flight simulators of an aircraft, as well as to assess the impact of various characteristics of aviation simulators on the quality of skills of aviation specialists. The book discusses the following issues:1) method of setting dynamic parameters;2) methods of correction of simulator parameters, according to expert opinions of operating organizations;3) modules of simulators of operation of various aircraft units and flight conditions;4) prospects for the development of aviation simulators;5) collection and evaluation of information in the process of training on aviation simulators.

 This book provides an overview of Fetal Medicine practice focusing on various aspects of fetal health such as screening for fetal aneuploidies and imaging for fetal anomalies, their basic management and technological breakthroughs.Although the field of Fetal Medicine is very wide, this book has condensed the important issues and is written in an "e; easy to read"e; format to simplify concepts for the readers. Fetal Medicine has emerged as a separate specialization and has an interdisciplinary appeal for clinicians. With the advent of knowledge and awareness in this field there are emerging challenges in counseling patients regarding available options. This book aims to be a ready reference for clinicians in Obstetrics and Radiology who encounter patients with fetal anomalies, growth disorders, multiple pregnancies and genetic /chromosomal problems. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book providing insights for clinicians with an interest in Fetal Medicine

Line intensity mapping (LIM) is an observational technique that probes the large-scale structure of the Universe by collecting light from a wide field of the sky. This book demonstrates a novel analysis method for LIM using machine learning (ML) technologies. The author develops a conditional generative adversarial network that separates designated emission signals from sources at different epochs. It thus provides, for the first time, an efficient way to extract signals from LIM data with foreground noise. The method is complementary to conventional statistical methods such as cross-correlation analysis. When applied to three-dimensional LIM data with wavelength information, high reproducibility is achieved under realistic conditions. The book further investigates how the trained machine extracts the signals, and discusses the limitation of the ML methods. Lastly an application of the LIM data to a study of cosmic reionization is presented. This book benefits students and researchers who are interested in using machine learning to multi-dimensional data not only in astronomy but also in general applications.

This book examines education transfer, specifically focusing on pedagogic transfer, and analyzes what happens when lesson study is introduced into foreign contextual settings. Lesson study, a professional development approach that originated in Japan 150 years ago, has been widely considered one of the best practices for collaborative professional development. There is an underlying assumption behind education transfer that when "e;best practice"e; is transferred to another country, it will generate a similar effect and improve schooling quality. Since pedagogic practice is socially constructed, the best practice in one setting may not be meaningful in another contextual setting. This book makes a unique contribution to the field of comparative education by offering a sociological examination of why pedagogic transfer often fails to bring expected benefits. It is comprised of three parts. Part I, "e;Pedagogic Transfer and Lesson study,"e; provides contextualized analysis of lesson study in Japan and abroad and presents how the meaning of practice is always reinterpreted against the local educational context. Part II presents a sociological analysis of Indonesian teachers' practice based on ethnographic fieldwork. It conceptually analyses the nature of the teacher community and their practice and is presented as "e;teacher strategies."e; The concept showed that teacher culture and practice are not fixed but constantly negotiated within the institutional setting.Part III, "e;Sociological Understanding of Pedagogic Transfer,"e; builds on the analyses in Part I and II and provides a theoretical understanding of the issue of pedagogic transfer. Professional responsibilities of teachers, collegiality, and teaching expertise in Japan and Indonesia are compared to understand how the meaning of lesson study was reconstructed in the Indonesian setting. In conclusion, recommendations for an alternative approach to professional development are offered. 

This book brings together research on multilingualism, identity and intercultural understanding from a range of locations across the globe to explore the intersection of these key ideas in education. It addresses the need to better understand how multilingual, identity, and intercultural approaches intersect for multilingual learners in complex and varied settings. Through global examples, it explores how identities and multilingualism are situated within, and surrounding intercultural experiences. This book examines the different theoretical interpretations as encountered and used in different contexts. By doing so, it helps readers better understand how teachers approach multilingualism and diversity in a range of contexts.

This book provides readers recent advances on basic research and clinical management of fulminant myocarditis. First chapters introduce aetiology, pathology, and pathophysiology of fulminant myocarditis, in which excessive immune activation and subsequent cytokine storm are proposed to be the core pathogenesis. Following chapters present clinical management of fulminant myocarditis, including clinical manifestations, examinations, and diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis, as well as life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen in acute phase.