Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Singapore

This book covers tunnel construction and building construction and design. It has two parts. Part one is for the engineering practice of the subway tunnel through the base of the building in typical geological conditions, to study the mechanism and law of building damage caused by stratum deformation by in-situ monitoring, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis methods. At the same time, the risk management of subway tunnel through the bottom of the building is discussed. Second part, in view of the excavation and unloading of the foundation pit and the main structure loading in the process of high-rise building construction, discusses optimization of the construction scheme, systematic evaluation of the safety of the existing tunnel and control measures combined with the engineering practice. This book provides a valuable contribution to the field of tunnel construction and design and construction of building for both the engineering experts and graduate students as well. 

The book discusses about 45 cases of maternal autopsies. These maternal mortalities are related to pregnancy-related diseases, pre-existing diseases that worsen or manifest during pregnancy and diseases for which pregnant patient has increased risk. As the study of maternal mortality is a healthcare quality indicator and plays an important role in the improvement of obstetric care, the book aims at discussing autopsy findings, which is the gold standard for establishing not only the causes of death, but also to uncover the various pathological lesions produced by the physiologic phenomenon of pregnancy. This helps in identifying the direct and indirect causes, which can be reviewed at multidisciplinary review meetings.The chapters are arranged according to direct and indirect causes of maternal death, involving varied target organ systems i.e. central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastro-intestinal tract, hepato-biliary system and pancreas, urinary system, female genital tract and others. However, it does not include diseases coincidental in pregnancy.Each case begins with the complete case history (age, duration of pregnancy, clinical presentation, investigations, clinical diagnosis, therapy, and course during ward stay, if any), autopsy findings, followed by a clinico-pathological discussion and includes appropriate gross organ and microscopic images. The book caters to the specialists in pathology, obstetrics, general medicine, critical care, surgery, pulmonologists, cardiology and all those involved in the care of pregnant women.

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Fluid Flow and Thermal Sciences (ICAFFTS 2021) and summarizes the modern research practices in fluid dynamics and fluid power. The content of the book involves advanced topics on turbulence, droplet deposition, oscillating flows, wave breaking, spray structure and its atomization and flow patterns in mini and micro channels. Technological concerns relevant to erosion of steam turbine blade due to droplets, influence of baffle cut and baffle pitch on flow regime, bubble formation and propagation in pool boiling, design optimization of flow regulating valves are included in the book. In addition, recent trends in small-scale hydropower plant and flow stability issues in nanofluids, solar water heating systems and closed-loop pulsating heat pipes are discussed. Special topics on airflow pattern in railway coach and vortex tube are also included. This book will be a reliable reference for academicians, researchers and professionals working in the areas of fluid dynamics and fluid power.

This open access book introduces key concepts in robotics in an easy to understand language using an engaging project-based approach. It covers contemporary topics in robotics, providing an accessible entry point to fundamentals in all the major domains. A section is dedicated to introducing programming concepts using Python, which has become a language of choice in robotics and AI. The book also introduces the reader to the Robot Operating System (ROS), the ubiquitous software and algorithmic framework used by researchers and the industry. The book provides an inspired, up-to-date and multidisciplinary introduction to robotics in its many forms, including emerging topics related to robotics on Machine Learning, ethics, Human-Robot Interaction, and Design Thinking. The book also includes interviews with industry experts, providing an additional layer of insight into the world of robotics. The book is made open access through the generous support from Kinova Robotics. The bookis suitable as an undergraduate textbook in a relevant engineering course. It is also suitable for students in art and design, high school students, and self-learners who would like to explore foundational concepts in robotics.¿This book provides the ¿foundation¿ for understanding how robots work. It is the accessible introduction that artists and engineers have been waiting for.¿- Ken Goldberg, William S. Floyd Jr. Distinguished Chair in Engineering, UC Berkeley.

This book compiles updated research about the implications of therapeutic proteins in various human diseases. The initial chapters of the book provide basic information on the therapeutic proteins and discuss techniques for their formulation, production, and analytic approaches for their characterization. The subsequent chapters shed light on therapies based on therapeutic proteins against metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Importantly, it presents the factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, including, genetic factors, disease type, and origin of therapeutic protein, dose frequency, administration route, and treatment duration. The book also reviews the strategies for reducing immunogenicity associated with therapeutic proteins, including PEGylation, site specific mutagenesis, exon shuffling, and humanizing of monoclonal antibodies. Further, it presents strategies for improving the typical drawback associated with protein therapeutics including instability and limited penetration through biological barriers. This book covers various computational methods that are commonly used for designing therapeutic proteins and in silico method for predicting and improving in vivo efficacy of the therapeutic molecules. Lastly, the book highlights the recent advances in developing nanosized delivery systems to improve safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics.This book caters to students and researchers of medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences and therapeutics. It is also useful to clinicians working with therapeutic proteins.

This book is an up-to-date guide to the techniques and devices that may be used when performing minimally invasive spine interventions. The indications for such procedures, which offer various advantages over open surgery, continue to expand, and the aim of the book is to equip spine interventionists with the knowledge required in order to achieve optimal clinical outcomes consistently. After discussion of all aspects of patient preparation, conventional minimally invasive procedures for disorders of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine are thoroughly reviewed. Attention then turns to more advanced techniques and devices, including percutaneous epidural neurolysis, foraminoplasty, the L'DISQ device for disc decompression, transforaminal epiduroscopic laser annuloplasty (TELA), trans-sacral endoscopic laser decompression (SELD), percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), and minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD). In addition to full description and illustration of treatment methods, guidance is provided on indications, contraindications, potential complications, and postoperative care.

This book describes the grammar of Chinese nominal groups for the purpose of text analysis, drawing upon Halliday's systemic functional linguistics (SFL) model. Exploring the metafunctional grammatical resources in nominal groups, the book provides a new perspective on conducting text analysis by focusing on the metafunctions performed by various elements in the nominal group. The observations on nominal groups presented here are based on both a working corpus of 180 texts of various types and a large referential corpus of over 16 billion tokens. With clear descriptions of the terminology used, the book presents a case study at the end of each major chapter, which demonstrates how the grammatical resources discussed can be applied to the delicate analysis of authentic texts. This monograph is more than a grammar book, for it offers a new way to engage with a text microscopically and enables readers to approach and analyse a text by focusing on grammatical units below the clause level. The book provides an accessible and valuable resource for readers who are interested in SFL-based typological description, text analysis, translation studies between English and Chinese, English-Chinese comparative linguistic studies, and Chinese language teaching and learning.

This edited volume focuses on the largest single tract contiguous mangrove forest in the world- the Sundarbans- exploring traditional knowledge, customary sustainable use and community-based innovation. The book analyses the current state of the Sundarbans, its multiple values and ecosystem services, to demonstrate that Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Not only does this play an integral role in realising SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land), it also actively contributes towards achieving many other goals and targets. It contributes a new understanding of sustainability by bringing human-nature relationships in view of the renewed interest in biodiversity and climate change- heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The book links scientific knowledge with multi, inter, trans- disciplinary nature of ILK for sustainable development collected from the ground. It challenges the market-based approach in valuing the natural resources, and demonstrates that the valuation of environmental resources through market penetration pricing does not reckon the social benefits and values coproduced through complementarity between humans and nature.Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir is a professor at the Department of Development Studies, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh and is currently holding the charge of the Chairman of the Department. He is the chairperson of Unnayan Onneshan- a Dhaka based multidisciplinary think-tank, vice chairperson of IUCN Asia Regional Members Committee and chairperson of IUCN National Committee of Bangladesh. He has led numerous projects for diverse organisations including governments, development partners and international organisations at home and abroad. His latest books are Numbers and Narratives in Bangladesh's Economic Development (2021), Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Developing Countries: State, Citizenship and Transformation (2021), and the edited volume, COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Response, Rights & Resilience (2021).

This book mainly addresses China's Belt and Road Initiative in terms of the connectivity industrial and spatial development, as well as current world's economic and trade pattern under such synergy development, and focuses on the function and mechanism of industry and geography coordination. Although current research on the value circulation between China and developed economies is relatively adequate, the book focuses on the value circulation between the countries and regions, especially the developing economies. China and other developing countries tie strongly with the production value circulation. The coordination industrial and spatial development in the global value cycle is also the cornerstone of long-term stabilization and sustainable development in China. Therefore, this book provides the theoretical and empirical research on Belt and Road from the perspectives on industrial and spatial synergy. This book proposes several questions: Any inherent inlay between industrial and geographic allocation, i.e., is there any possibility for close integration? This book analyzes the necessity of coordinated development of industry and space perspective of production division. Secondly, from the perspective of historical evolution and current situation, it analyzes the relationship among industry, economic growth and fluctuation and compares realizing paths of synergy of industrial and spatial development. It contains the industry and spatial diffusion mechanism and the effect of synergy development. Moreover, the corresponding policy implication is provided for sustainable development through the Belt and Road Initiative.

This book highlights developments in the field of solar cells. The chapters in this book address a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by solar cell devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the evolution of solar cell technology during the last 50 years. It places particular emphasis on silicon solar cells, CIGS-based solar cells, organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells and hybrid solar cells. The book describes in detail the fabrication processes employed for different categories of solar cells. It also provides the characterization techniques utilized in this sector to evaluate the performance of solar cells and the scope of this domain in the future. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of solar cells in an easy-to-understand manner.

This book is intended for a wide range of researchers both from academia and industry interested in contributing to industries in an interdisciplinary way. The primary industries, including agriculture, fishery, and power industries, are the most fundamental infrastructure of the human societies. Traditionally, primary industries have been managed in the small family/community base, but with increase in population and development of society, the size of primary industry has grown. The efficiency, quality, and stability of these industries affect the societies significantly, so that they have become one of the major areas that mathematics could contribute to substantially. Also, primary industries are affected by the environment, where mathematical studies play an essential role. The conference was hosted by the research community in New Zealand, where such collaborative activities in mathematics between the industry and academia have been successfully established from an early stage. This enabled the conference to bring together a range of research topics- from pioneering works to cutting-edge results, from agriculture to geothermal energy and nuclear fusion, and from mathematical modeling and analysis to data analysis.

This book covers point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in a practical, problem oriented and illustrated manner. It begins with introduction to the basic principles of medical ultrasound imaging and ultrasound guided interventions and outlines point of care ultrasound in a lucid manner for rapid learning for medical students as well as practitioners. It contains chapters on ultrasound of the airways, thoracic ultrasound including lungs and transthoracic screening echocardiogram, vascular assessment, ultrasound of the abdomen for focussed trauma assessment, gastric volume assessment and ultrasound guided interventions such as vascular cannulations, pleurocentesis, etc. along with some of the latest point of care ultrasound techniques such as ocular assessment and assessment of the foetus and placenta in the operation theatre. This book will help the intensivist, emergency physician and anaesthesiologist to learn the basics of POCUS, which ostensibly, is the future of medical practice. It also includes objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) questions after every chapter as well as multiple choice questions (MCQs) that will benefit the students greatly. The book also includes videos from some of the celebrated practitioners of POCUS providing a unique learning experience. This book is suited for students, trainees and practitioners alike. The modules of POCUS described here are part of the curriculum of anaesthesiology in the UK, USA, Singapore, Australia/ New Zealand and most of the countries. The book also covers the curriculum of POCUS in critical care and emergency medicine courses.

This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 11th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2021). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as professional students.

This book presents the select proceedings of 2nd International Congress on Advances in Mechanical and Systems Engineering (CAMSE 2021). It focuses on the recent advances in mechanical and systems engineering and their growing demands for increase in several design and development activities. The contents in this book cover a blend of mechanical engineering, computer-aided engineering, control engineering, and systems engineering to design and manufacture useful products. Various additional topics covered include mechanics, machines, materials science, thermo-fluids, and control with state-of-the-art computational methods to analyse, innovate, design, implement and operate complex systems which are economic, reliable, efficient and sustainable. Given the contents, this book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of mechanical engineering and allied fields.

This book of the conference proceedings focuses on innovative design, technology and methods in the fields of building, civil engineering and smart city. It contains a large number of detailed design, construction and performance analysis charts, benefited to students, teachers, research scholars and other professionals in related fields. As well, readers will encounter new ideas for realizing more safe, intelligent and economical buildings.

This open access book examines the facilitation of pre-service and in-service educators¿ research thinking that equips them to be responsive to the unfolding uncertainties of the 21st century, and to likewise prepare their own students. It addresses several key areas, including: articulating the contemporary need for research thinking across teacher education; showcasing diverse yet conceptually connected strategies that all use the Research Skill Development (RSD) framework; providing an explicit scaffolded approach; and extending knowledge of the 'Models of Engaged Learning and Teaching' (MELT) conceptual framework. This book also addresses the contemporary topics of social media for learning, digital literacy, education research as cultural work and formations of communities of practice, with cross-cutting themes of scaffolded development and formative assessment of research skills. It highlights how research thinking is not only vital for PST (Preservice Teachers), I-ST (In-Serivce Teachers) and university educators, but also models for them how to scaffold the research thinking of their own students. This book's use of the RSD, as a shared conceptual framework across the chapters, emphasises the overlaps between ways of thinking in the different learning areas in which education occurs, without masking the differences. Likewise, the interdisciplinary work that comprises Education is informed by the RSD conceptual framework as used in a variety of disciplines. Together, this use of RSD brings a strong sense of connectedness between PST, I-ST and university educators.This is an open access book.

This book presents perspectives from South Asian countries, such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. It brings in-depth perspectives on content, communication, and community between communication theory and the digital news ecosystem rooted in a South Asian culture-centric approach. The book thoroughly investigates changes in the regulatory framework, regulations, policies, and code of conduct. It engages debates on digital journalism practices modeled around mobile journalism, immersive storytelling, and gamification in the context of local and hyper-local communities in South Asia. The book provides a cohesive compilation offering readers an up-to-date and comprehensive understanding of digital developments in journalism. It also helps journalists and practitioners working in news media to discover new types of information flows in a rapidly changing news media landscape.Digital Journalism: Perspectives from South Asia is a descriptive, exploratory book on digital journalism practices and policies followed in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. It brings in-depth perspectives on content, communication, and community between communication theory and the digital news ecosystem rooted in a South Asia. What makes this book interesting to read is the integration of forms with manifestations on ground intersecting identities and ideologies. The book thoroughly investigates changes in the regulatory framework, regulations, policies, and code of conduct. Various chapters in the book pursue significant and exciting topics on the changing spaces of news production and consumption, the inter relationship between old and new media, everyday digital news usage and engagement, social media for news, revenue models for digital journalism among others. The highlight of this book is engaging debates on digital journalism practices modeled around mobile journalism, immersive storytelling, gamification, in the context of local and hyper local communities in South Asia. Since Digital Journalism draws extensively from algorithms, matrices and analytics, this book has exclusive chapters on data journalism, data visualization and big data.. The book provides a cohesive compilation offering readers an up-to-date and comprehensive understanding of digital developments in journalism. It also helps journalists and practitioners working in news media to discover new types of information flows in a rapidly changing news media landscape. It also articulates indegenous concerns of journalists, their security, risks and challenges as they explore the new contours of journalistic practices.

This book highlights introduction of thermodynamics; first law, second law, third law of thermodynamics and their applications; concepts of entropy, free energies, thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic activity and fugacity; Maxwell relations; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Clausis-Clayperon equation, etc. have been discussed in detail and made easily understandable to the undergraduate students of metallurgy. Thermodynamics involved in formation of different types of solutions (ideal, real and regular solutions) has also been discussed in detail. This book also discusses the applications of various thermodynamic properties in different metallurgical operations. At the end of each and every chapter, different types of typical related problems have also been solved.

This annual report presents an overview of the development of Chinäs special economic zones in 2021, including reform pilot zones and some new special zones, from the perspective of the overall national development strategic planning. It takes the development status, comparative analysis and policy suggestions of the special zones as the starting point, summarizes and analyzes the transformation problems, carbon production and sustainable development problems, scientific and technological innovation problems, socialsecurity problems, employment service problems, financial system reform problems, cultural industry problems, and puts forward suggestions for development.

This book provides readers up-to-date information on various aspects affecting assisted reproduction laboratories and corresponding management approaches, based on latest literatures, clinical practice, and international consensus. Key points of laboratory environment, laboratory operations and quality control measures are presented in details. Last but not least, ethical issues and countermeasures of assisted reproductive technology are discussed. It will be a practical and reader-friendly resource to help reproductive medicine practitioners establish a disciplined risk and control system for assisted reproduction laboratories and techniques.

This book focuses on the impact of teachers¿ leadership identity on their pedagogical and class management choices and proposes a new pedagogical framework, leaderful classroom practices which emerged through collective, concurrent, collaborative, and compassionate interactions between the teacher and students. The interdisciplinary aspect of the book appeals to a wide range of readers from different disciplines and gives readers the opportunity to take a moment and reflect on their leadership identity, recognize the limitations of their practices, and adopt a leaderful pedagogy in their respective disciplines. Establishing an open, democratic, and participatory learning environment for all learners is a major leadership responsibility of teachers, and this book demonstrates how to accomplish this mission both in theory and practice.

This book provides a comprehensive study of Indonesia's contemporary foreign policy engagement with Africa, highlighting the archipelagös recent reawakening to the continent. It explores thoughts on Afro-Asian relations in general and their future in the changing geopolitical context. It provides a vision of Indonesiäs foreign policy and political situation at the highest level of leadership. It places Indonesia in a multi-comparison context, which helps us reconsider Indonesia today and widens our views on Indonesiäs needs to be better known through new perspectives and voices able to better convey the realities of its polity, aspirations, and complexities. It proposes, through the study of Indonesiäs African endeavour, to better grasp the contemporary Indonesian Zeitgeist and Weltanschauung. It also analyses the political power alliance formed by President Jokowi and former General Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, leading a state-led developmentthrough state capitalism, mobilising State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). The Bandung Conference host aspires to project its domestic development achievements towards Africa, focusing on Africa for Africa and not merely as part of a sometimes-abstract Afro-Asian discourse. Nonetheless, Afro-Asianism continues to be mobilised to facilitate market penetration and serve domestic interests.The book shows how Indonesiäs foreign policy toward Africa relates to domestic political contestation and consolidation, political legacy and commodity-based industrial policy, and Chinese and ¿China in Africä networks and ideational influence, foremost among other networks of influence in the Jokowi era. The book also underlines how Indonesiäs knowledge production and academic deficiencies negatively impact its foreign policy capabilities, notably as a potential robust alternative partner for Africa. It will be beneficial for students, academicians, researchers, and diplomats.

The proposed book will be a ¿one-stop¿ place for all the young material researchers to understand the recent and reliable material making process, characterization, and reliability test tools. The proposed book is designed to provide basic knowledge to understand and analyse structure-property relationship for reliable emerging material systems for next generation of semiconductor technologies.The book is suggested to engineers and scientists across the world working on various new and novel materials for reliable semiconductor device applications. The book is expected to serve as a reference guide for young scientists and engineers in the field of material science and electronic engineers to acquire latest state-of-art experimental and computational tools to encourage their research activities.Since the scope of the book is generic, the book can be referred by all the students of science and engineering students to create a common awareness about the latest material systems and state-of-art characterization tools that have been broadly utilized to study the physical and chemical properties of different material systems.It introduces the readers to a wide variety of new emerging materials systems including their synthesis, fabrication, measurement, reliability test, modelling and simulations with in-depth analysis of selective applications.This book contains the state-of-art research updates in the various fields of semiconductor, artificial intelligence (AI), bio-sensor, biotechnology, with respect to reliable material research. Therefore, various students who are eager to get a job in semiconductor/AI/Autonomous car/biotechnology are strongly recommended to read this book and learn about related state-of-art knowledge.

This book takes a balanced approach between theoretical understanding and real-time applications. All the topics included real-world problems which show how to explore, build, evaluate, and optimize machine learning models fusion with metaheuristic algorithms. Optimization algorithms classified into two broad categories as deterministic and probabilistic algorithms. The content of book elaborates optimization algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, whale search algorithm, and cuckoo search algorithm.

This book presents a particular area of interest in computing psychiatry with the modelling of mood and anxiety disorders. It highlights various methods for building these models. Clinical applications are prevalent due to the growth and interaction of these multiple approaches. Besides, it outlines some original predictive and computational modelling ideas for enhancing psychological treatment interventions. Computational psychiatry combines multiple levels and types of computation with different data types to improve mental illness understanding, prediction, and treatment.

This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of Chinäs infrastructure from 1949 to 2019, under the classic ¿supply and demand¿ analysis framework. From the four perspectives of market integration, open development, people¿s livelihood, and endogenous growth, this book carries out an empirical study on how to quantify and make causal inferences about the economic development effects of infrastructure. Based on the conclusion that national governance is of important help to infrastructure provision, this book interprets Chinäs governance system and its impact on infrastructure provision from the angle of decentralization and offers suggestions on policy optimizing.

This book offers a fresh perspective on the historical, economic, and cultural foundations of capitalism, cities, and climate change. By exploring the intersection of urbanization, consumerism, and colonialism, the book sheds new light on the origins and development of the economic system that has shaped our world today. What sets this book apart is its unique approach, which challenges conventional wisdom and offers new insights into the complex relationships between culture, politics, and economics. The book is intended for readers interested in the history and evolution of capitalism and its impact on society, as well as those interested in climate change and urbanization. The content level is accessible for general readers, yet sophisticated enough to appeal to scholars and researchers. The two most important features of the book are its fresh perspective on the history of mercantilism and its examination of the economic landscape of cities and climate change. By reading this book, readers gain a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between urbanization, colonialism, and economic policies, and their impact on contemporary society.

This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Hydro and Renewable Energy (ICHRE 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in the area of renewable energy technologies, grid integration challenges and opportunities, negative emission technologies, role of distributed energy resources in net zero energy carbon systems, role of hydro energy and pumped storage hydro in power sector decarbonization, policies, and regulations in achieving net zero carbon energy systems, among others. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry working in the fields of renewable energy, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, among others.

This book aims to introduce big data solutions in urban sustainability applications¿mainly smart transportation and healthcare systems. It focuses on machine learning techniques and data processing approaches which have the capacity to handle/process huge, live, and complex datasets in real-time transportation and healthcare applications. For this, several state-of-the-art data processing approaches including data pre-processing, classification, regression, and clustering are introduced, tested, and evaluated to highlight their benefits and constraints where data is sensitive, real-time, and/or semi-structured.