Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Singapore

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton Observatory have been the pioneering satellites for studying the Universe with X-rays and the cornerstone of X-ray spectroscopy since their launches more than 20 years ago. The onboard gratings provide us a unique opportunity to distinguish individual spectral lines from different atoms thanks to their high energy resolutions. Enormous discoveries have been achieved by these two missions when observing a variety of X-ray-emitting astronomical objects, such as black holes, supernova remnants, clusters of galaxies, and stars. However, the data are limited to fairly bright X-ray sources. The recent JAXA's mission Hitomi opened a new window of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy thanks to its onboard X-ray calorimeter. Although this mission was shortly terminated due to a mishap, Hitomi left behind a few sets of observations awaiting more data mining. The first half of this book introduces the history of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and different generations of X-ray spectrometers. A tutorial guide on how to reduce, analyze, and understand the astronomical data from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Hitomi is also included. The second half of the book reviews past results obtained by the high-resolution spectrometers on these missions on multiple topics and discusses possible discoveries by upcoming missions in the next decade.

The book intends to capture the most critical issue that has cropped up as an aftermath of the Corona pandemic- the phenomenon of widening of global inequalities across nations depending upon their economic position, support policies of the government and international relationship particularly in the context of alarming growth of unemployed in the labour market, business activity and social sector. This book is expected to provide new areas of research to both academicians and policy makers to re-think about global cooperation for bridging the inequalities for a better world. It tries to incorporate the valuable contribution of experts from various fields of knowledge in a consolidated volume.This text will be revised once the chapters are finalized and put together in structured themes. The table of content lists some of the chapters that have been confirmed, but there are more that are being invited by the editors.

This book investigates the ways in which emerging digital technologies are shaping and changing the worlds of sexuality and gender diverse youth in Southeast Asia. Primarily focused on the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia, the book examines the potential of digital technologies to enhance wellbeing in and across these contexts. Drawing on multi-site ethnographic field research, interviews, survey data, and online content analysis, the book examines the design and use of websites and content by and for LGBT+ youth. The book innovatively interrogates the design of transnational digital wellbeing initiatives, alongside the digital practices of those the technologies are designed for. It illustrates not only the (im)possibilities of technological design, but also the capacity for design to participate in what Hanckel calls ¿(trans)national digital wellbeing¿ processes. He asks us to consider the ways that global technologies are contextual¿a paradox that is explored throughout the book.The analysis extends important discussions in youth research, contributing to a greater understanding of how LGBT+ youth are engaging new technologies to participate in identity-making, health and wellbeing, as well as political action. It also considers implications for digital wellbeing and digital health promotion efforts globally with young people who experience marginalisation. In doing so the book makes a critical contribution to understanding the ways that transnational digital interventions get deployed and (at times) incorporated into youth practices.

This book describes observed features of urban climate and its long-term variations as well as the relationship of climate to heat stroke in Japan, based on observational data and statistical analyses. Consisting of three parts, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals involved with these topics. Part 1 focuses on urban climate. The basic characteristics of heat islands are reviewed, and long-term urban warming is described with a focus on the distinction from global warming. The influence of microscale environmental changes on the observed temperature is also presented, as well as changes in wind and precipitation in urban areas. They deepen our understanding of the features and mechanisms of urban heat islands and their long-term changes. Part 2 describes the climatological features of heat stroke mortality, which has become a major social problem in Japan, using mortality statistics and meteorological data. The spatial and temporal variations of heat stroke mortality are analyzed quantitatively on various spatial and temporal scales. In addition, the number of ambulance transports is examined as another measure of heat stroke casualty. The results provide insight into the climatological factors related to heat stroke mortality and contribute to the implementation of preventive measures. The climatology of deaths from extreme cold is also presented. For supplementary information, an overview of the geography, climate, and meteorological data of Japan is presented in Part 3.

This book covers innovative techniques of doing standard and advanced knee arthroscopic procedures. The techniques described are meant to simplify and improve the accuracy of the procedure based on experience and published innovative and original techniques. Arthroscopic surgery is a technical operation that takes time to master. There have been immense advances in operative arthroscopy with the advent of modern surgical instruments and implants. Existing books focused mainly on the theoretical parts with some operative matter. However, as a surgeon gets experienced, she/he identifies a fallacy in a standardised technique and improvises on it to make it simpler or doable with available resources. This is very important as many centres around the world may not have all the equipment required for a particular procedure and may not be aware that there is a variation to doing the same procedure that is being done by another experienced surgeon.Potential complications of doing the technique and how to avoid them have been discussed. The inventory to do the technique has also been provided. This book will assist arthroscopic surgeons of the knee as well as surgeons intending to learn arthroscopy and advance their skills in improving their repertoire of arthroscopic procedures. World-renowned surgeons have contributed to this volume to help everyone to learn from their experience.

The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation and the subsequent military campaigns entail several classical aspects of armed conflict. First, it is a type of international armed conflict between two sovereign states that had been prevalent until the middle of the twentieth century but not in the last several decades. It is also a direct intervention by a superpower into a neighboring state with the former¿s aspiration of territorial expansion. This action evokes a scheme of war reminiscent of the nineteenth or early twentieth century. At the same time, however, the invasion is generating in the international community a sense of new phenomena, leading to a new era that may be different from the past three decades following the end of the Cold War. In fact, the hostilities between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, as well as reactions by other states and international organizations, have raised legal and political issues that require scholars to reexamine existing frameworks of the international community and individual rules of international law. The process of applying international law to states is a dynamic one. Rules of international law may and should regulate the behavior of states and provide standards to decide whether a particular act by a state is permissible. At the same time, however, states may change or replace existing rules, and a significant event or series of such events may be a strong motivator to create a new legal framework. In this regard, rules of international law and the conduct of states are in a dialectical relationship. International law can both shape a mode of conduct and be shaped by that conduct¿being its creator as well as its creation. The Ukraine conflict is not an exception. We can discuss the conduct of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, other states and international organizations and evaluate their legality and legitimacy from the viewpoint of existing rules. However, we may also reevaluate the current rules of international law through the lens of the Ukraine conflict and discuss possible changes to those rules in the future. Inspired by the latter aspect of the international legal process, the present book aims to examine the impact of the Ukraine conflict, whether salient or potential, on various rules of international law. Most of the authors are from Japan and other Asian countries that are geographically remote from the site of the conflict. It is often true, however ¿ and particularly in this case ¿ that those keeping an appropriate distance can look at relevant issues in a broader view and from a more objective perspective. To what extent and in what manner may the Ukraine conflict have an impact on the legal framework of the international community and the rules of international law? This book is the first to answer those questions in a comprehensive manner.

This book presents a hybrid static-dynamic approach for efficient performance analysis of parallel applications on HPC systems. Performance analysis is essential to finding performance bottlenecks and understanding the performance behaviors of parallel applications on HPC systems. However, current performance analysis techniques usually incur significant overhead. Our book introduces a series of approaches for lightweight performance analysis.We combine static and dynamic analysis to reduce the overhead of performance analysis. Based on this hybrid static-dynamic approach, we then propose several innovative techniques for various performance analysis scenarios, including communication analysis, memory analysis, noise analysis, computation analysis, and scalability analysis. Through these specific performance analysis techniques, we convey to readers the idea of using static analysis to support dynamic analysis.To gain the most from the book, readers should have a basicgrasp of parallel computing, computer architecture, and compilation techniques.

This book is a comprehensive collection of information on essential oils and their industrial application. It provides reader with a systematic and advanced knowledge of the role of essential oils as natural preservatives and therapeutic agents. Food and pharmaceuticals are two important pillars of human civilization. Plant essential oils and their volatile compounds have been used for preservation as well as for the treatment of human illness for long as traditional practices in biodiversity-rich countries. This book deals with the potential uses of essential oils against insect pests and spoilage microbes of agri-food commodities such as pulses, cereal, fruits, and their shelved products. It also highlights the molecular-assisted engineering of plant essential oils, the pharma-kinetic facet, and their potential in pharmaceutical and aromatherapy. In addition, the book covers recent advances in science and technology such as extraction methods, metabolomics, phytochemical genomics, bioinformatics, conformational dynamics, mathematical modeling, and nanotechnology application. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, food scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, it serves as an additional reading material for undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical sciences.

This volume comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (EGTET 2022). It provides a comprehensive and broad spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in the area of speech processing, remote sensing, blockchain technology, the Internet of Things, power systems economics, AC/DC microgrids, smart energy metering and power grids, etc. This volume will provide a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

This book presents the novel concept of photo-switched biodegradation of bioplastics which is one of the important methods to overcome plastic waste issues in oceans. The different chapters discuss topics associated with a wide range of biorefinery plant cultivation, cell bioengineering in silico/wet, plastic design with photo-controlled biodegradation, photocatalysis design, evaluation of biodegradability, polymer toxicity, and plastic edibility. The book contributes to various Sustainable Development Goals such as SDG 14¿Life Below Water; SDG 9¿Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 12¿Responsible Consumption and Production; and SDG 15¿Life on Land. It is a useful source for academic scientists in the fields of organic chemistry, photocatalysts, organic/inorganic composites, cell biology, plant biology, plastic processing, social control of wastes, environmental science, marine technology, and engineers. The book plays a big part in paradigm-changing innovation and transforms the petrochemical industry which has reached maturity, into a biochemical industry.

Reaching deep into the wealth of Chinese philosophical wisdom, this book offers rich insights into a way of educating that has found staunch advocates among educators through the ages. The ¿free-spirit education¿, which calls on educators to respect and nurture the natural goodness of each child, affords an educational principle that is embedded in one of the most important Confucian classics: The Doctrine of the Mean. This book analyzes the meaning, history, principles, and educational application of ¿free-spirit education¿ and also explores its contemporary development in the context of a school improvement initiative. It introduces the intellectual origins of ¿free-spirit education¿, the application in ¿process-based inductive teaching¿ and cases from the field. It presents the collection of pedagogical cases that are rooted in the traditions of Chinese philosophic inquiry and viewed through the lens of contemporary pedagogy for human development. This book is a useful reference for university faculty, educational researchers, school teachers and leaders, graduate and undergraduate students in curriculum studies and in philosophy, social science, and education, curriculum developers, and all those educators who are interested in understanding ¿free-spirit education¿¿a key component of the humanistic traditions of Chinese education.

This book systematically studies the feedback control and filtering problems for nonlinear plants with limited communication channels based on T-S fuzzy models. By fully considering different network-induced phenomena, such as signal quantizations, time-delays, data packet dropouts, communication protocols, cyber attacks, and so on, some significant strategies are provided for various performance analysis and different controller/filter synthesis of fuzzy systems. The event-triggered mechanism is also mentioned to save the communication resource. Moreover, some results are extended to the fault detection and fault-tolerant control. The book provides some new methodologies in analysis and synthesis of fuzzy systems under communication channels, and can serve as a valuable reference material for researchers wishing to explore the area of control and filtering of fuzzy systems and networked systems.

This volume is devoted to a reappraisal of the Marginal Revolution on the occasion of its 150th anniversary.The year 1871 should be remembered as one of the most important turning points in the history of economics. W. S. Jevons, C. Menger, and L. Walras published epochal works at the very beginning of the 1870s. Although these works were written independently, they shared a common mathematical structure based on classical analysis. For this reason, the emergence of the trio is called the Marginal Revolution. Indeed, 1871 is the starting point of modern economics in the proper sense.In 1971, several academic conferences were held on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Revolution, which exerted the stimulating influence upon the historical researches into the Revolution. Now more than fifty years have passed since then. Economic theory has experienced further substantial changes in researchers¿ central interest, the way of reasonings and the styles of description during this period. In view of the new achievements acquired in recent fifty years, it seems an indispensable task for us to review and reevaluate the Marginal Revolution based upon the present status of economics.We also keep in mind that some concepts and doctrines once discarded could reappear in a later stage of history in a more or less transfigured form.The introductory chapter will be a guide for readers not only from the economics community but also from the mathematics community.

This book will be a collection of the conference manuscripts presented at the 2022 2nd International Joint Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering covering new and renewable energy, electrical and power engineering. It is expected to report the latest technological developments in the fields developed by academic researchers and industrial practitioners. The application and dissemination of these technologies will benefit the research community, as new research directions are becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, requiring researchers from different research areas to come together and share ideas. It will also benefit the electrical engineering and energy industry, as we are now experiencing a new wave of industrial revolution, i.e. the electrification, intelligentisation and digitalisation of our transport, manufacturing processes and way of thinking.

This book aims to build a framework for understanding how to achieve new business growth through digital intelligence. It reveals the driving force and commercial logic behind the technology upgrade and transformation for enterprises, analyzes how to improve enterprises' branding, product, distribution channel, marketing, logistics, and organization under the new context, and studies the successful cases in digital intelligence of 6 Chinese enterprises. For business school students, researchers, managers, and practitioners, it is helpful to build an overview and understanding on strategy level as well as practice level.

This book focuses on the design and application of advanced trajectory optimization and guidance and control (G&C) techniques for aerospace vehicles. Part I of the book focuses on the introduction of constrained aerospace vehicle trajectory optimization problems, with particular emphasis on the design of high-fidelity trajectory optimization methods, heuristic optimization-based strategies, and fast convexification-based algorithms. In Part II, various optimization theory/artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are constructed and presented, including dynamic programming-based methods, model predictive control-based methods, and deep neural network-based algorithms. Key aspects of the application of these approaches, such as their main advantages and inherent challenges, are detailed and discussed. Some practical implementation considerations are then summarized, together with a number of future research topics. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in aerospace trajectory optimization and guidance and control problems is one of the main features of the book, which is particularly suitable for readers interested in learning practical solutions in aerospace trajectory optimization and guidance and control. The book is useful to researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of G&C systems, engineering optimization, applied optimal control theory, etc.

This book presents a new approach to the analysis of political psychology, political culture, and communication.Using data from Japanese political interviews and parliamentary deliberations, it reveals how Japanese politicians address their audience. In addition to analyzing the use of verbal political rhetoric, the book shows that nonverbal communication is highly relevant as well. In a context where political leaders are becoming increasingly important, identifying the techniques used by Japanese politicians ¿ especially facial expressions, hand gestures, and other forms of body language ¿ to gain support from the audience, leads us to consider communication practices of political leaders around the world. Politicians adopt different communication styles based on their specific electoral system. The more single-seat constituency political candidates use rhetoric, the greater their chance of appealing to voters. In addition, the use of personal experiencesand others' speech quotations function as effective political rhetoric, further attracting the audience¿s attention. In short, this book presents a more comprehensive and holistic picture of political ¿rhetoric¿ than usually offered by other studies of political communication.

This book contains original, peer-reviewed, and selected research papers that were presented at the 2023 International Conference on Marine Equipment & Technology and Sustainable Development, which took place in Beijing, China on April 1st 2023. The papers cover a range of topics, including but not limited to: the vision and goals of building a maritime community with a shared future, marine machinery and transportation, marine ecology, environmental protection and conservation, marine safety, future ships and marine equipment, marine engineering, marine information and technology, maritime policy, and global governance.The papers included in this volume provide the latest findings on methodologies, algorithms, and applications in marine equipment and technology, as well as sustainable development. As a result, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and university students who are interested in these fields.

This book presents high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from Fourth International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP 2023), organized by Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE), Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT), Sikkim, India, during February 16¿18, 2023. ICACCP 2023 covers advanced computational paradigms and communications technique which provides failsafe and robust solutions to the emerging problems faced by mankind. Technologists, scientists, industry professionals, and research scholars from regional, national, and international levels are invited to present their original unpublished work in this conference.

Document layout analysis (DLA) is a crucial step towards the development of an effective document image processing system. In the early days of document image processing, DLA was not considered as a complete and complex research problem, rather just a pre-processing step having some minor challenges. The main reason for that is the type of layout being considered for processing was simple. Researchers started paying attention to this complex problem as they come across a large variety of documents. This book presents a clear view of the past, present, and future of DLA, and it also discusses two recent methods developed to address the said problem.

This book aims to introduce in everyday language the profound culture and unique legacy of the ancient healing art with mesmerizing stories, allusions and anecdotes in the history of its evolution, handpicked from three perspectives, including contributions of master TCM practitioners, the nourishment of TCM by traditional Chinese culture, and the exchanges between TCM and its western counterparts. The vivid narrative of each section is complemented with elaboration of one related key TCM concept in a specific column. It is a brilliant reader for those interested in TCM and traditional Chinese culture.

This book explores intersections between sense of place, the formation of identity, indigeneity and colonisation, literature and literary study, the arts, and a revisioned school curriculum for the Anthropocene. Underpinning the book is a conviction that sense of place is central to the fostering of the change of heart required to secure the survival of human life on earth. It offers a coherent overview of seemingly disparate realities on a geographically and historically sprawling canvas.The book is a work of literary non-fiction, drawing on a range of sources: literary works and criticism, theoretical research, empirical studies and artworks. Of its very nature, the book enacts an extensive cultural critique. After establishing a cross-disciplinary foundation for ¿sense of place¿, the book describes its relationship to identity with reference to such terms as attachment, dispossession, reclamation and representation. It shows how a hopeful narrative for planet stewardship can be developed by the uptake of indigenous and traditional discourses of place. It concludes with the envisioning of a place-conscious curriculum, and ways in which an activist agenda might be pursued in the Anthropocene.

This book presents select proceedings of the Conference on Industrial Problems on Machines and Mechanisms (IPRoMM 2022). It presents a comprehensive coverage of the recent developments in analysis, design and manufacturing of a range of modern and next-generation industrial machines, and solutions to mitigate common and emerging problems in their maintenance and operation. The topics covered include design, manufacturing and performance analysis of mechanical and mechatronic machine components and assemblies, machine dynamics including rotor dynamics, vehicle dynamics, and multi-body dynamics, robotics and automation, hydraulic and pneumatic systems and control, vibration engineering, tribology, condition monitoring, failure analysis, manufacturing systems and processes, reliability and quality engineering, thermo-fluid and combustion systems, aerospace systems, acoustics, automotive engineering, etc. The book discusses theoretical and practical developments in these fields which havedirect industrial relevance. The book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in analysis, design, manufacturing, maintenance, and operation of industrial machinery.

This book highlights lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and explains how these can be used to build sustainable health systems, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). It investigates the impact of outbreak response and management on health sustainability in LMIC from the perspective of SDG3: ¿Ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages¿. Despite strides being made in some areas for SDG target 3.3 to fight communicable diseases, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused interruptions that will considerably affect vaccination coverage as well as the progress that was made, for example: in reducing malaria cases. Vulnerable populations who were already struggling to access their healthcare needs before the pandemic may face even greater challenges at present and in the years to come, post-pandemic. This book considers the progress on attaining the SDG3 targets, specifically: to improve early warning systems for management of national and global health risks, and the effect of pandemics - including but not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic - and emerging disease outbreaks. It explores the weaknesses and strengths in LMIC and how to strengthen capacities in these countries. The author also investigates and proposes approaches that can, or should, be implemented to ensure sustainable health systems in developing countries, including early warning systems, risk reduction, and the management of global and national health risks. This book is of great interest to public health professionals, infectious diseases experts, and epidemiologists, as well as students and researchers of public health systems and healthcare infrastructure in developing countries.

This book presents methods and tools of network biology and bioinformatics for understanding the disease dynamics and identification of drug targets. The initial section of chapters introduce the theoretical aspects followed by the different applications for construction and analysis of biological networks, methods for identifying crucial nodes in networks, and network dynamics. The book covers the latest advances in the network medicine, exploring the different types of biological networks, and their applications. It further reviews the role of R language in the network-based approaches that help in understanding biological systems and identifying biological functions. Towards the end, the book explores the recent developments and applications in machine learning and its potential for advancing network biology. Finally, the book elucidates a comprehensive yet a representative description of challenges associated with the understanding of disease dynamics using network biology. Given its scope, the book is intended for researchers and advanced postgraduate students of bioinformatics, computational biology, and medical sciences.¿

This book presents selected papers from the Proceedings of the International Conference on Geosynthetics and Environmental Engineering, ICGEE 2023, held in Jeju Island, South Korea, covering topic areas in geosynthetic applications and sustainability; civil and structural engineering; and environmental engineering and science. The published articles cover the latest research studies with the focus of discussing the relationship between geotechnical materials and environmental engineering in depth to solve complex geosynthetics issues in civil and environmental engineering. It also highlights state-of-the-art technologies adopted by the relevant industries which are not only commercially viable but also environmentally sustainable. The content of the papers appeals to researchers and industrial practitioners working in the field of geoengineering.

This edited book deals with land regeneration and management using living organisms for a sustainable future. It brings together the latest developments made by leading biotechnologists, bioengineers and environmental scientists in the area of land remediation. The chapters cover different aspects of soil's conventional and emerging pollutants (synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals). Global population is rapidly affected by this catastrophic situation, industrialization and overuse of chemical compounds. There are currently many bioengineering strategies used to eliminate these dangerous chemicals. In this book, the chapters present the current evidence and comprehensive studies that may be useful for reader. It provides a comprehensive text thereby filling the gap in the literature. The contents of the book further deliver a good understanding of emerging environmental contaminants and their sustainable remediation through the use of bioengineering toolsand techniques.This book is of interest to industry experts, researchers, academicians in bioengineering and biomedical sciences, graduates and undergraduates in Biotechnology, Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, Health, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. It is also a useful read for national and international agricultural scientists and policy makers.

This book involves collection of papers primarily focused on the origin and development of Chinese civilization in the concept of archaeological context from the 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE through archaeological cultural perspectives. It systematically illustrates the prehistoric cultural history of China at the period from Neolithic to the early Bronze Age during 20000-1300 BCE, composing not only the proper region around the Central Plain but also the margin areas mainly in the west, and examines the cultural relationship and exchanges nationally and internationally through thousand years of advancing social complexity in geographical and temporal genealogies. It introduces three prehistoric stages for the course of Chinese Civilization Development; the three major Civilization Development Models during the Chalcolithic period; how environmental changes and warfare functioned as the part of mechanism to make civilization evolve; the Bronze Age Revolution from the West; and the critical evaluation of the characteristics belonging to Chinese Civilization and the review of ancient legendary histories and legends through the archaeological perspectives. This book is essential reading for all those wanting more information about the foundations of Chinese history and civilization through archaeological studies.

This book offers an overview of the complex world of digital materials for music education and of their possible use in the everyday practice of music teachers. It presents a multidimensional taxonomy of digital materials for music education. Through the taxonomy it is possible to derive a clear framework of the whole field and to perform analysis of the state of art. The book shows the use of this flexible and powerful knowledge tool for reviewing the digital materials in the various domains and dimentions. The book provides researchers and designers with an overview of what has already been designed, proposed and tested in the field. It also offers music teachers a wider perspective of the possibilities connected to current technologies in the field of music education, and it suggests possible interrelationships between research and music education practices.