Böcker utgivna av Springer Nature Switzerland AG

This book focuses on the problem of responsibility voids: these are cases where responsibility for a morally undesirable outcome cannot be attributed to any of the involved agents. Responsibility voids are thought to occur in collective decision-making and in the context of artificial intelligent systems. In these cases, philosophers worry that there is a shortfall of moral responsibility. In particular, such voids are often assumed to justify a notion of collective responsibility that cannot be reduced to individual responsibility. One of the aims of the book is to study how collective responsibility and joint action relate to individual responsibility and individual actions. The book offers a unifying framework for modelling moral responsibility by drawing from modal logic and game theory.The book investigates the possibility and scope of the problem of responsibility voids. One of its characteristics is its pluralistic perspective on moral responsibility: in contrast to giving a unique and all-encompassing definition of it, the book makes progress by spelling out and modelling several conceptions of moral responsibility. One of the appealing features of the book is that a relatively small range of models is used to investigate a variety of conceptions of moral responsibility. The unifying framework can thus be used to characterize the conditions under which responsibility voids are ruled out.

This monograph reevaluates a school of thought concerned with truth and inquiry. It examines the critique which asserts that it's not possible to live this Early Greek philosophy in practice. The investigation also details new discoveries on the reception of Skepticism by Empiricist Doctors, Early Greek Fathers, Medieval Arabic Thinkers, and Renaissance Thinkers.The author takes a careful look at the apraxia argument and how critics used it. He shows how anti-skeptical arguments rose in different stages of the development of the Skepticism. Coverage also details how the skeptics replied and gave more pragmatic coherence to their philosophy, starting with the proto-skeptics and continuing with the works of Sextus Empiricus. Readers will learn how skepticism endured despite the criticisms, becoming a coherent response to dogmatic philosophies such as Stoicism.The investigation also analyzes the two common approaches that philosophers have used to interpret Sextan philosophy. It considers their benefits as well as defects. In the process, the author presents an original way of interpreting Sextan thought, which the author calls the ¿suburban interpretation¿. He then applies this "middle way" to two works: Against the Grammarians and Against the Rhetoricians. Overall, the book provides readers with an insightful look at how this school of thought survived and spread throughout the ages.

The modern shipping industry has reached maturity; market demand and landscape shifts force industry agents to find new pathways to successful development. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a new pathway between Europe and Asia brings both opportunities and challenges to global logistics systems. These circumstances make commercial exploitation of the route a subject of intense focus in many countries actively involved in sea transportation.This book identifies specific problems and provides possible solutions to them by calling on the accumulated knowledge of researchers and practitioners with competencies from diverse areas, including transport and logistics, Arctic studies, IT and digital technologies, socio-economic systems analysis, hydrocarbon production, transport, business modeling, design of information systems and applications, and engineering requirements for IT services. It represents the integrated experience and expertise of researchers from Canada, Germany, Russia, and the Netherlands, including experts from oil and gas enterprises, shipping lines, logistics companies, and IT companies.

One of the prevailing issues regarding security to North America and more pointedly, the United States, gravitates on the topic of cyber threats confronting this nation. These threats are becoming more disruptive and destructive and many nations¿ infrastructure is vulnerable to them. This book makes use of a qualitative research methodology looking at a conventional understanding of the four instruments of power that include diplomacy, information, military and economic (D.I.M.E.) efforts through the use of the York Intelligence Red Team Model-Cyber (Modified) and seeing how adversaries are using them against the United States. Moreover, this project uses secondary data and makes use of the Federal Secondary Data Case Study Triangulation Model to ensure a balance of sources to dissect the problem.

This is an open access book. This book offers the first overview of the ¿wicked problems¿ literature, often seen as complex, open-ended, and intractable, with both the nature of the ¿problem¿ and the preferred ¿solution¿ being strongly contested. It contextualises the debate using a wide range of relevant policy examples, explaining why these issues attract so much attention.There is an increasing interest in the conceptual and practical aspects of how ¿wicked problems¿ are identified, understood and managed by policy practitioners. The standard public management responses to complexity and uncertainty (including traditional regulation and market-based solutions) are insufficient. Leaders often advocate and implement ideological ¿quick fixes¿, but integrative and inclusive responses are increasingly being utilised to recognise the multiple interests and complex causes of these problems. This book uses examples from a wide range of social, economic and environmental fields in order to develop new insights about better solutions, and thus gain broad stakeholder acceptance for shared strategies for tackling ¿wicked problems¿.

This book sets the innovative research contributions, works, and solutions for almost all the intelligent and smart applications in the smart cities. The smart city concept is a relevant topic for industrials, governments, and citizens. Due to this, the smart city, considered as a multi-domain context, attracts tremendously academics researchers and practitioners who provide efforts in theoretical proofs, approaches, architectures, and in applied researches. The importance of smart cities comes essentially from the significant growth of populations in the near future which conducts to a real need of smart applications that can support this evolution in the future cities.The main scope of this book covers new and original ideas for the next generations of cities using the new technologies. The book involves the application of the data science and AI, IoT technologies and architectures, smart earth and water management, smart education and E-learningsystems, smart modeling systems, smart mobility, and renewable energy. It also reports recent research works on big data technologies, image processing and recognition systems, and smart security and privacy.

'This is a textbook about cities or, more precisely, about the physical form of cities. It provides an overview of the main elements of urban form¿streets, street blocks, plots and buildings¿structuring our cities and the fundamental agents and processes of transformation shaping these elements. It applies this analytical framework to describe the evolution of cities over history as well as to explain the functioning of contemporary cities. After the initial focus on the 'object' (cities), the book introduces how different schools of thought have been dealing with this object since the emergence of Urban Morphology, as the science of urban form, in the turning to the twentieth century. Finally, the book identifies the main contributions of urban morphology to cities, societies and economies. This second edition of the book offers updated and more accurate knowledge on several morphological issues, presents expanded contents, and it has a more explicit didactic nature, including a set of exercises in the end of each chapter, that will help teachers and students (in architecture, geography, planning, history, sociology and urban studies) in acquiring and consolidating their urban morphological knowledge.

This book gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of quality control and improvement of bridges and structures, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 1st Conference of the European Association on Quality Control of Bridges and Structures (EUROSTRUCT 2021), held in Padua, Italy on August 29 ¿ September 1, 2021. Contributions include a wide range of topics such as testing and advanced diagnostic techniques for damage detection; SHM and AI, IoT and machine learning for data analysis of bridges and structures; fiberoptics and smart sensors for long-term SHM; structural reliability, risk, robustness, redundancy and resilience for bridges; corrosion models, fatigue analysis and impact of hazards on infrastructure components; bridge and asset management systems, and decision-making models; Life-Cycle Analysis, retrofit and service-life extension, risk management protocols; quality control plans, sustainability and green materials.