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This book reports the results of a series of studies of effective school district leadership

In this book Chittick explains Ibn al-¿Arab¿'s concept of human perfection, his World of Imagination, and his teachings on why God's wisdom demands diversity of religious expression. He then suggests how these teachings can be employed to conceptualize the study of world religions in a contemporary context.Ibn al-¿Arab¿, known as the "Greatest Master,"is the most influential Muslim thinker of the past 600 years. This book is an introduction to his thought concerning the ultimate destiny of human beings, God and the cosmos, and the reasons for religious diversity. It summarizes many of Ibn al-¿Arab¿'s teachings in a simple manner. The ideas discussed are explained in detail.The book is divided into three parts. In the first part Chittick explains Ibn al-¿Arab¿'s concept of human perfection; in the second part he looks at various implications of the World of Imagination; and in the third part he exposes Ibn al-¿Arab¿'s teachings on why God's wisdom demands diversity of religious expression, and he suggests how these teachings can be employed to conceptualize the study of world religions in a contemporary context.

This book brings together the basic documents needed for reaching an informed judgment on the central ethical question in the Pinto case: did Ford Motor Company act ethically in designing the Pinto fuel system and in deciding not to upgrade the integrity of that system until 1978? The five parts of this book cover the case, cost-benefit analysis, whistle blowing, product liability, and government regulations.

This book looks at Rumi's insights into the meaning of the second half of the basic Muslim creed, namely, the nature and function of revelation through prophets.

Treats the nature and ethical significance of emotions from a comparative cultural perspective emphasizing Asian traditions.

ForewordCharol ShakeshaftPrefaceIntroduction Patricia A. Schmuck and Diane M. DunlapI. Preparing Women for Leadership: Conditions and Critiques1. Reexamining Educational Leadership: Challenging Assumptions Penny Poplin Gosetti and Edith Rusch2. Ten Years Later: Too Little, Too Late? Sakre Kennington Edson3. The Head Teacher as Career Broker: Stories from An English Primary School Sandra Acker4. "Is That Sociology?": The Accounts of Women of Color Graduate Students in Ph.D. Programs Mary Romero and Debbie Storrs5. Gender Awareness and Contradictions in The Education of Early Childhood Teachers Christine ChailleII. Socialization of Women into Educational Leadership: Conditions and Critiques6. Women Ascending to Leadership: The Organizational Socialization of Principals Ann Weaver Hart7. Learning Leadership through Mentorships L. Jean Pence8. The Mom and Pop Model of School Administration: A Case Study Michelle Collay and Helen LaMar9. Suit-able for Promotion: A Game of Educational Snakes and Ladders Alyson M. Worrall10. The Bureaucratic Restraints to Caring in Schools Ava L. McCallIII. Women Leading: Assimilation, Acceptance and Resistance11. Advocacy Organizations for Women School Administrators, 1977-1993 Patricia A. Schmuck12. The Trouble with Change: A Conversation between Colleagues Willi Coleman and Patricia Harris13. Administrative Women and Their Writing: Reproduction and Resistance in Bureaucracies Joanne E. Cooper14. Women in Educational Administration: Views of Equity Evelyn Nelson Matthews15. Women Principals' Views on Sex Equity: Exploring Issues of Integration and Information Patricia A. Schmuck and Jane Schubert16. "If I Weren't Involved in Schools, I Might Be Radical": Gender Consciousness in Context Colleen S. Bell17. The Class Ceiling Reconsidered: Views from Below Mary Woods ScherrPart IV. Shaping Alternative Visions of Leadership: An Agenda for a New Century18. To Walk The Red Road as School Leaders P.J. Ford Slack and Patricia Cornelius19. Women's Working Worlds: A Case Study of A Female Organization Patricia Valentine20. Leadership from The Classroom: Women Teachers as A Key to School Reform Vivian Troen and Katherine C. Boles21. Women Principals--Leading with Power Kathleen S. Hurty22. In the Image of The Double Helix: A Reconstruction of Schooling Helen B. Regan23. Women Leading: An Agenda for A New Century Diane M. DulapList of ContributorsIndex

This book analyzes the sources and results of the fourfold increase in the U.S. correctional population since 1970. It considers the following themes: the value of punitiveness, defined as penal harm; research on crime and criminals; concerns about victims of crime; and concerns about community safety. It also analyzes the relationship between social problems and penal harm, such as poverty and crime during the twenty-year period of correctional expansion.The author argues that a careful review of proposals for expanded penal harm cannot be justified. The growth in corrections was not caused by crime nor has it reduced crime. Clear describes a new strategy for corrections based on his examination of the politics of social control and the growth in penal harm.

This is the first systematic treatment of esotericism to appear in English. Here is also a historical survey, beginning with the Alexandrean Period, of the various esoteric currents such as Christian Kabbalah, Theosophy, Alchemy, Rosicrucianism, and Hermeticism. Common characteristics of these currents are the notion of universal interdependency and the experience of spiritual transformation. The author establishes a rigorous methodology; provides clarifying definitions of such key terms as "gnosis," "theosophy," "occultism," and "Hermeticism;" and offers analysis of contemporary esotericism based on three distinct pathways.The second half of the book presents a series of studies on several important figures, works, and movements in Western esotericism-studies devoted to some of the most characteristic and illuminating aspects that this form of thought has taken, such as theosophical speculations on androgyny, rosicrucian literature, and Masonic symbolism.The book is completed by a rich and selective Bibliography conceived as a means of orientation and a tool for research.

This book assesses the contribution of women to the Arabic novel, both in subject matter and form. It begins by tracing the struggle over women's rights in the Arab world, particularly the gradual improvement in women's access to education-the first area in which women made significant gains. Subsequent chapters discuss Arab women writers' remarkable talents and determination to overcome the barriers of a male-dominated culture; survey the 1950s and 1960s, during which women's writing gained momentum and more women writers emerged; and address the shift in emphasis and attitude that women's literature underwent in the late 1960s, especially following the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, when women novelists began to place more stress on international politics.Zeidan adapts Western-based feminist literary theory to a discussion of Arab women's literature but refrains from imposing that theory inappropriately on literature whose context differs significantly. He compares the women's movements in Arab and Western cultures and the development of women's literature in those cultures, and uses these comparisons to highlight similarities and differences between them as well as to consider how one affected the other. His analysis culminates in the early 1980s-the end of the formative years-when women's writing had become a familiar part of Arabic literature in general and a positive reflection on the collective Arab consciousness.

Europe and the United States now confront many of the same unresolved issues of nationalist, religious, racial, and ethnic intolerance. The book addresses the question: How can the humanistic disciplines and social sciences play a role in a political transformation or address cultural difference? This "difference," the other, may be a racial, ethnic, gendered, religious, or colonial Other.Contributors to this book focus on the serious political questions posed by the problems of strangeness, "the other," in the present climate of accelerating social change and global shifts in political power.

This book is about the way that popular film brings to a "sayable" level that which haunts us in the media headlines.

This book provides the first truly sustained commentary to appear in either French or English on Lacan's most important seminar, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. The 16 contributors unpack Lacan's notoriously difficult work in simple terms, and supply elegant illustrations from a variety of fields: psychoanalytic treatment, film, literature, art, and so on. Each of Lacan's fundamental concepts--the unconscious, transference, drive, and repetition--is discussed in detail, and related to other important notions such as object a cause of desire, the gaze, the Name-of-the-Father, the subject, and the Other. This volume also includes a translation of Lacan's companion piece to Seminar XI, "Position of the Unconscious" (an article from the French edition of the Ecrits that has never before appeared in English), by one of the foremost translators of Lacan's work, Bruce Fink. As an indication of the important of this article, Lacan considered it to be the sequel to his "Function and Field of Speech and Language in Psychoanalysis," arguably his most important paper in the 1950s.The contributors include many of the best minds in the Lacanian psychoanalytic world in Paris today. Chapters include "Excommunication: Context and Concepts" by Jacques-Alain Miller, "The Subject and the Other I and II" by Colette Soler, "Alienation and Separation I and II" by Eric Laurent, "Science and Psychoanalysis" by Bruce Fink, "The Name-of-the-Father" by Francois Regnault, "Transference as Deception" by Pierre-Gilles Gueguen, "The Drive I and II" by Marie-Hele`ne Brousse, "The Demontage of the Drive" by Maire Jaanus, "The Gaze as an Object" by Antonio Quinet, "The Phallic Gaze of Wonderland" by Richard Feldstein, "The 'Evil Eye' of Painting: Jacques Lacan and Witold Gombrowicz on the Gaze" by Hanjo Berressem, "Art and the Position of the Analyst" by Robert Samuels, "The Relation between Voice and the Gaze" by Ellie Ragland, "The Lamella of David Lynch" by Slavoj Zizek, "The Real Cause of Repetition" by Bruce Fink, "Introductory Talk at Sainte-Anne Hospital" by Jacques-Alain Miller, and "The End of Analysis I and II" by Anne Dunand.

What is it like to be a Buddha? Is there only one Buddha or are there many? What can Buddhas do and what do they know? Is there anything they cannot do and cannot know? These and associated questions were much discussed by Buddhist thinkers in India, and a complex and subtle set of doctrinal positions was developed to deal with them. This is the first book in a western language to treat these doctrines about Buddha from a philosophical and thoroughly critical viewpoint.The book shows that Buddhist thinkers were driven, when theorizing about Buddha, by a basic intuition that Buddha must be maximally perfect, and that pursuing the implications of this intuition led them into some conceptual dilemmas that show considerable similarity to some of those treated by western theists. The Indian Buddhist tradition of thought about these matters is presented here as thoroughly systematic, analytical, and doctrinal.The book's analysis is based almost entirely upon original sources in their original languages. All extracts discussed are translated into English and the book is accessible to nonspecialists, while still treating material that has not been much discussed by western scholars.

Combining biography and a careful analysis of Nietzsche's writings from 1844-1900, this book explores Nietzsche's critique of Christianity, Judaism, and antisemitism. The first part of the book is concerned with psychological aspects and biographical elements. Part Two focuses on the ethical and political aspects of Nietzsche's views as presented in his mature writings: Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Toward the Genealogy of Morals, and the Antichrist.

This book transcends recent debates about political correctness to address the underlying problems of teaching controversial subjects in the college and university history classroom. The author criticizes both sides of the debate, rejecting, on the one hand, calls for a uniform, chronological history curriculum and, on the other hand, claims that only ethnic or racial "insiders" are qualified to teach about their communities.In chapters on colonial, comparative, and African history, Williams applies the concept of "Gandhian truth" to historical subjects, moving through tentative and flexible perspectives to achieve a complex picture of historical episodes. And in chapters on imperialism, nationalism, racism, and the problem of "the other," he discusses the difficult and contingent nature of conceptual language. In the second half of the book, he addresses framing rules of discussion by which sensitive issues can be discussed with diverse audiences, the relationship of American pluralism to a world perspective, and what can be accomplished through an education in pluralism.

Focuses on Nietzsche's later writings, where he appears unsystematic and indifferent to questions of truth.

Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Ethics and Evolution The Secret Chain Epistemology from an Evolutionary Point of View Ethics from an Evolutionary Point of View Morals and Models Evolution and Ethics 2 Altruism, Benevolence, and Self-Love in Eighteenth Century British Moral Philosophy Introduction Benevolence and Self-Love from Hobbes to Mackintosh The Eighteenth Century Legacy 3 The Moral Realm of Nature: Nineteenth Century Views on Ethics and Evolution Introduction Natural Facts and Natural Values Nature, Culture, and Conflict 4 Human Nature Introduction The Concept of Human Nature Human Nature and Moral Theory Human Nature and Ideology Does Darwinism Undermine the Concept of Human Nature? 5 Three Contemporary Approaches to Evolutionary Ethics Introduction The Wisdom of the Genes: The Sociobiology of Ethics Richard Alexander and the Biological Basis of Morality Robert Richards and the Revised Theory General Conclusion 6 Darwinism and the Moral Status of Animals Introduction Singer's Expanding Circle Argument James Rachels on "Moral Individualism" Rodd on the Rights of Animals and Our Duties Toward Them Conclusion 7 Final Reflections Summary of the Argument The Biological Roots of Morality The Relevance of Darwin for Moral Philosophy Bibliography Index

This book presents a series of related empirical studies about the thinking and problem solving processes of expert educational leaders. It describes the nature of expert thinking and provides substantial explanations for the cognitive processes associated with expert thinking. Differences in the thinking and problem solving of male and female; novice and experienced; elementary, secondary, district administrators are all explored. In addition, the book provides a glimpse of the school administrator's world from a problem solving perspective and clarifies the kinds of experiences that give rise to expert thinking.

In this book, Hoffe gives a clear, understandable description of Kant's philosophical development and influence, and he sets forth Kant's main ideas from the Critique of Pure Reason and the ethics to the philosophy of law, history, religion, and art. In his critical treatment, Hoffe shows why Kant's philosophy continues to be relevant and challenging to us today.

Devoted to the rediscovery of Heidegger's earliest thought leading up to his magnum opus of 1927, Being and Time.

List of IllustrationsThe MastersForeword AcknowledgmentsIntroduction: The Masters and the Myth Part One. Adepts Prince Pavel DolgorukiiPrince Aleksandr GolitsynAlbert Rawson Paolos MetamonAgardi MetrovitchGiuseppe Mazzini Louis Maximilien BimsteinJamal ad-Din "al-Afghani" James SanuaLydia PashkovOoton LiattoMarie, Countess of CaithnessSir Richard BurtonAbdelkaderRaphael BorgJames PeeblesCharles SotheranMikhail KatkovIllustrationsPart Two. Mahatmas Swami Dayananda Sarasvati Shyamaji Krishnavarma Maharaja Ranbir Singh of Kashmir Thakar Singh Sandhanwalia Maharaja Holkar of Indore Bhai Gurmukh Singh Baba Khem Singh Bedi Surendranath Banerjea Dayal Singh Majithia Sumangala Unnanse Sarat Chandra Das Ugyen Gyatso Sengchen Tulku Swami Sankaracharya of Mysore Part Three. Secret Messages Suspicion on Three Continents An Urgent Warning to the Viceroy Who Inspired Hume? The Occult Imprisonment Notes Bibliography Index

Roger Ames first traces the evolution of five key concepts in early Chinese political philosophy and then analyzes these concepts as they are developed in The Art of Rulership. The Art of Rulership is Book Nine of the Huai Nan Tzu, an anthology of diverse and far-ranging contents compiled under the patronage of Liu An (prince of Huai Nan) and presented to the court of Wu Ti during the first century of the Former Han (perhaps as early as 140 B.C.).Ames demonstrates that the political theory contained in The Art of Rulership shares an underlying sympathy with precepts of Taoist and Confucian origin, and contains a systematic political philosophy that is not only unique but compelling. The book presents a political theory that tempers lofty ideals with functional practicability. While the spirit of the work is strongly Taoist and Confucian, this spirit is provided with a Legalist political framework in which it can be implemented, nurtured, and cultivated.

Tables and FiguresForeword by David R. HeisePrefaceAcknowledgments1. IntroductionAffect Control Theory Plan of this Book The Rediscovery of Affect The Social Psychology of Emotion Summary2. Affect Control TheorySymbols, Language, and Affective Meaning Cognitive Constraints Affective Response and Control Event Assessment Event Production Emotions Cognitive Revisions Summary3. Cognition, Affect, and MotivationCognition and Affect Motivation Summary4. Affect Control Theory and the Social Psychology of George Herbert MeadEmotions in Mead's Social Psychology The Social Psychology of Mead and Affect Control Summary5. Identities and RolesThe Conceptual Framework Two Schools of Role Theory Identity Theory Affect Control Theory and Identity Theory Summary6. Role AnalysisThe Affect Control Model for Role Analysis Role Analysis Learning and Accessing Norms Summary7. EmotionsThe Constructionist Versus Positivist Debate The Affect Control Theory of Emotions Emotion Analysis The Constructionist Versus Positivist Debate and Affect Control Theory Summary8. ReidentificationPart I: The Established Model--Attributions and Identity Labels Part II: The Expanded Model--The Effect of Expressed Emotions on Reidentification Outcomes Summary9. ConclusionRelation to Other Theories Affect Control Theory as Sociological Explanation Affect Control Theory as Integrative Social Psychology Directions for Future Research and Refinement SummaryEndnotesReferencesIndex

This book explores the moral, social, and political implications of dominant psychological theories and practices. The analysis entails the therapeutic uses of psychoanalysis, cognitive, behavioral, and humanistic psychology, as well as the practice of clinical, school, and industrial/organizational psychology.It is argued that applied psychology strengthens the societal status quo, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of social injustice. Most discussions of morality in psychology deal with the ethical repercussions of practices on individual clients. This book is unique in that it deals with the social ethics of psychology; that is, with the social morality of the discipline. It is also unique in that it offers a comprehensive critique of the most popular psychological means of solving human problems.The author does not stop at the level of critique but provides a vision for including the values of self-determination, distributive justice, collaboration, and democratic participation in psychology. He shows how some of these values have already been adopted by feminist and community psychologists.Given the prominence of psychology in contemporary society, The Morals and Politics of Psychology should be of interest to mental health professionals and their clients, as well as to people concerned with morality and social justice.

This book explores historical and current discussions of the relevance of evolutionary theory to ethics. The historical section conveys the intellectual struggle that took place within the framework of Darwinism from its inception up to the work of G. C. Williams, W. D. Hamilton, R. D. Alexander, A. L. Trivers, E. O. Wilson, R. Dawkins, and others. The contemporary section discusses ethics within the framework of evolutionary theory as enriched by the works of biologists such as those mentioned above. The issue of whether ethical practice and ethical theory can be grounded in the theory of evolution has taken a new and significant direction within the context of sociobiology and is proving to be a challenge to previous thinking. This book conveys that challenge.

This scripture was revealed through spirit writing in 1181. It traces Wenchang's development through his many transformations culminating in his apotheosis as director of the Wenchang Palace and custodian of the Cinnamon Record that determines men's and women's fates. The god has since assumed a high position in the Taoist pantheon, has been introduced into the school system and Confucian temples, and now controls the all-important civil service examinations in China.The text translated here provides a unique window into the religious world of Traditional China. Numerous anecdotes of good- and evil-doers reveal the ethical dilemmas facing men and women of the time, from social questions like infanticide and discrimination against women to more purely religious issues such as how evil gods are punished and how China's divergent religious traditions can be reconciled.