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This book tries to describe what an intelligent person would have witnessed in ancient Athens if by some legerdemain he were translated to the fourth century B.C. and conducted about the city under competent guidance. The year 360 B.C. has been selected as the hypothetical time of this visit, not because of any special virtue in that date, but because Athens was then architecturally almost perfect, her civic and her social life seemed at their best, the democratic constitution held its vigor, and there were few outward signs of the general decadence which was to set in after the triumph of Macedon. At the time of original publication in 1925, William Stearns Davis was Professor of Ancient History, University of Minnesota.

This book tries to describe what an intelligent person would have witnessed in Ancient Rome if by some legerdemain he had been translated to the Second Christian Century, and conducted about the imperial city under competent guidance. The year 134 after Christ has been chosen as the hypothetical time of this visit, not from any special virtue in that date, but because Rome was then architecturally nearly completed, the Empire seemed in its most prosperous state, although many of the old usages and traditions of the Republic still survived, and the evil days of decadence were as yet hardly visible in the background. The time of the absence of Hadrian from his capital was selected particularly, in order that interest could be concentrated upon the life and doings of the great city itself, and upon its vast populace of slaves, plebeians, and nobles, not upon the splendid despot and his court, matters too often the center for attention by students of the Roman past. At the time of original publication in 1925, William Stearns Davis was Professor of Ancient History, University of Minnesota.

ContentsThe Neglect of ThinkingThinking with MethodA Few CautionsConcentrationPrejudice and UncertaintyDebate and ConversationThinking and ReadingWriting One's ThoughtsThings Worth Thinking AboutThinking as an ArtBooks on Thinking

An historical study of the role of the mulatto in American society, with a discussion of the mixing of races in other parts of the world.Edward Byron Reuter (1880-1946) received his doctoral degree in sociology from the University of Chicago in 1919 for this dissertation. He served (in 1933) as the 22nd President of the American Sociological Society.

The two representative Frenchmen of the eighteenth century are Voltaire and Mirabeau. Voltaire was the last great influence of the old order, and Mirabeau the first of the new. Voltaire, more than any other one man, undammed the torrent of Revolution. Mirabeau used all the strength of his mighty genius to turn those rushing waters into the channel of use, of wisdom, and of safety. These two notable men have inspired the present biographer, who has the distinction of having written what may be regarded as the definitive life of each. The Life of Voltaire is, like The Life of Mirabeau, a penetrating study of character combined with a dramatic conception of Voltaire's role in history. S. G. Tallentyre is also the author of The Life of Mirabeau and The Friends of Voltaire.

CONTENTSFrom the Decline of the Roman Empire to OdovacarGoths and ByzantinesThe LongobardsThe Franks and the Fall of the Longobard Kingdom

The Conquest of Bread is Peter Kropotkin's most detailed description of the ideal society, embodying anarchist communism, and of the social revolution that was to achieve it - a study of the needs of humanity, and of the economic means to satisfy them.

Originally published in 1859, the author was a former American Vice Consul in Nicaragua. Some of the press comments of the time were: "The work pursues a natural order - overlooking nothing of interest - giving glowing accounts of the country, its scenery and resources - doing justice to the history of the country and its revolution and leaders, and present inhabitants. ..." - Independent Civilian "During the filibustering career of Walker, he was a resident of Nicaragua, and saw many of the movements of the belligerents. His information is copious and thorough. The style is clear and lively, and the reader finds no difficulty in taking in the scenes described, and the events related. Whoever is interested in the affairs of Nicaragua, will find this book an indispensable necessity." - Philadelphia Dispatch

A storage area network (SAN) is a network of storage devices that are connected to each other and to a server, or cluster of servers, which acts as an access point to the SAN. The value of storage as a corporate asset has risen dramatically. This text makes the world of storage accessible, even to a novice in the field. It is a practical guide to implementing a complex technology.

The dawn of aviation began with lighter-than-air craft and gliders. They were in the forefront of what eventually led to the Wright brothers' activities at Kitty Hawk. The Navy's early use of lighter-than-air craft may be traced back to the American Civil War. However, it was a short-lived affair and these LTA possibilities were not pursued after the war. With the advent of airplanes in naval service, the Navy again turned its interest to lighter-than-air craft. The Navy's lighter-than-air program blossomed and its fleet of airships became the largest the world has ever seen. During the era of the giant rigid airships, the Navy built some of the largest airships in the world. Many achievements were recorded by the Navy's LTA branch and new records were set, records which still remain unbroken today. This monograph is intended to provide an overview of the Navy's involvement with balloons, airships and their operations, which shows their failures and accomplishments and their contributions to the Navy's mission of guarding the sea lanes of America. It is not an in-depth study of the LTA program, but provides an overall look at the history of LTA in the Navy. Various aspects of the LTA program have had extensive coverage, especially the rigid airship era; however, the entire history of LTA in the Navy has not been told under one cover. The Navy's LTA program technically ended in the 1960s. But the evolutionary trends that can be seen in history could possibly bring back certain functions of LTA and make them viable in today's world of supersonic flight and space travel.

An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century calls for a new governance framework, more investment in marine science and a new stewardship ethic by all Americans - all within the context of an ecosystem-based management approach - to halt the decline of this nation's oceans and coasts. In total, the U. S. Commission on Ocean Policy put forward 212 recommendations for a new national ocean policy in the report. The value of the oceans and coasts to the nation is immense and their full potential remains unrealized. Over half the U.S. population lives in coastal watershed counties and roughly one-half of the nation's gross domestic product ($4.5 trillion in 2000) is generated in those counties and in adjacent ocean waters. A comprehensive and coordinated national ocean policy requires moving away from the current fragmented, single-issue way of doing business and toward ecosystem-based management. This new approach considers the relationships among all ecosystem components, and will lead to better decisions that protect the environment while promoting the economy and balancing multiple uses of our oceans and coasts.

The purpose of this dictionary is to give an account of everything that relates to Christ - His Person, Life, Work, and Teaching. It is in a sense complementary to the Dictionary of the Bible, in which, of course, Christ has a great place. But a dictionary of the Bible, being occupied mainly with things biographical, historical, geographical, or antiquarian, does not give attention to the things of Christ sufficient for the needs of the preacher, to whom Christ is everything. This is, first of all, a preacher's dictionary. The authors of the articles have been carefully chosen from among those scholars who are, or have been, themselves preachers. And even when the articles have the same titles as articles in the Dictionary of the Bible, they are written by new men, and from a new standpoint. It is thus a work which is quite distinct from, and altogether independent of, the Dictionary of the Bible. It is called a Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, because it includes everything that the Gospels contain, whether directly related to Christ or not. Its range, however, is far greater than that of the Gospels. It seeks to cover all that relates to Christ throughout the Bible and in the life and literature of the world. There will be articles on the Patristic estimate of Jesus, the Medieval estimate, the Reformation and Modern estimates. There will be articles on Christ in the Jewish writings and in the Muslim literature. Much attention has been given to modern thought, whether Christian or anti-Christian. Every aspect of modern life, in so far as it touches or is touched by Christ, is described under its proper title. James Hastings (1852-1922) was a distinguished scholar and pastor. He was founder and editor of the Expository Times and is also well known for editing the five-volume Dictionary of the Bible, as well as the Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, the Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, and the Dictionary of the Apostolic Church.

The purpose of this dictionary is to give an account of everything that relates to Christ - His Person, Life, Work, and Teaching. It is in a sense complementary to the Dictionary of the Bible, in which, of course, Christ has a great place. But a dictionary of the Bible, being occupied mainly with things biographical, historical, geographical, or antiquarian, does not give attention to the things of Christ sufficient for the needs of the preacher, to whom Christ is everything. This is, first of all, a preacher's dictionary. The authors of the articles have been carefully chosen from among those scholars who are, or have been, themselves preachers. And even when the articles have the same titles as articles in the Dictionary of the Bible, they are written by new men, and from a new standpoint. It is thus a work which is quite distinct from, and altogether independent of, the Dictionary of the Bible. It is called a Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, because it includes everything that the Gospels contain, whether directly related to Christ or not. Its range, however, is far greater than that of the Gospels. It seeks to cover all that relates to Christ throughout the Bible and in the life and literature of the world. There will be articles on the Patristic estimate of Jesus, the Medieval estimate, the Reformation and Modern estimates. There will be articles on Christ in the Jewish writings and in the Muslim literature. Much attention has been given to modern thought, whether Christian or anti-Christian. Every aspect of modern life, in so far as it touches or is touched by Christ, is described under its proper title. James Hastings (1852-1922) was a distinguished scholar and pastor. He was founder and editor of the Expository Times and is also well known for editing the five-volume Dictionary of the Bible, as well as the Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, the Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, and the Dictionary of the Apostolic Church.

It is widely believed that monopoly control, based on violence, corruption or risk-spreading, is characteristic of markets for illegal goods and services, such as marijuana and bookmaking. This essay examines the effects on the organization of a market arising from changing the status of a good or service from legal to illegal.In general, it can be shown that illegal enterprises are likely to be smaller than their legal counterparts. The most important reasons for this are the lack of external credit markets, itself a consequence of the non-existence of audited records, the lack of court enforceable contracts, and the need to restrict knowledge of participation in the enterprise. The inability to advertise or to create goodwill for the enterprise itself, as opposed to goodwill for its agents, is also significant. Corruption is likely to affect the organization of the market only under special circumstances, where there is a single agency which monopolizes enforcement. Though that condition held for most illegal markets thirty years ago enforcement now is fragmented and overlapping, which inhibits an agency from granting a monopoly franchise.The introduction of violence does not in general change this result. The use of violence to acquire market power can occur only where there is a ready focus for that violence. Most illegal markets lack either time or space consistency that would permit exclusion of competition. Some comments about the optimal use of violence are offered.The final section offers some analysis of the plausibility of using illegal market enforcement as an instrument of organized crime control. There have been systematic changes in the set of opportunities available to organized crime members; illegal markets no longer are so central to the power and income of organized crime. The shift from gambling to narcotics markets has also weakened the link between organized crime and illegal markets.

CONTENTS:A Ramble Across the Barrier Island HippocampusBirth of a Barrier BeachHow to Be a Beachcomber Your Beachcombing Kit Amphipods Mole Crabs Razor Clams After the StormUp and Down in the Dune and Swale Zone What's in a Name? Natural Communities Food ChainsMysteries of the Maritime Forest EcosystemWet Your Feet in the Salt Marsh What Good is a Salt Marsh? Natural SuccessionWho's Who in the Zostera Community The Eelgrass Blight Niches Glossary Reading ListExplorations A Living Fossil Beachcombers All Be a Scavenger Sunlight and Sand Osmosis Profiling a Community Comparing Communities Backyard Ecology The Eelgrass Microhabitat The Web of Life

CONTENTS: Preface, Acknowledgments, Iran's World View and NBC Weapons, A Walk on the Supply Side, The Regional Impact, Creating Better Policy Options,Endnotes

This book, by Dr. R. Craig Nation, was written to address the need for a comprehensive history of the Balkan wars provoked by the collapse of the Yugoslav Federation in 1991. These wars, and the instability that they have provoked, became preoccupations for international security management through the 1990s. After an initial phase of distancing and hesitation, Balkan conflict drew the United States and its most important European allies into an open-ended commitment to peace enforcement, conflict management, and peace-building in the region, importantly supported by the U.S. Army. These efforts are still underway, and significant tensions and potential flashpoints remain in place within former Yugoslavia and the entire Southeastern European area. The lessons learned from the new Balkan wars, and the successes and failures of U.S. and international engagement, provide a significant foundation for future efforts to manage intractable regional conflict. Dr. Nation's work has been supported by a research grant provided by the U.S. Army War College, and is published under the auspices of the Strategic Studies Institute. The Army War College's primary mission is to prepare new generations of strategic leaders to assume positions of responsibility within the U.S. armed forces and civilian arms of the national security system. That mission includes a serious confrontation with the most pressing security issues of our time, to include the nature of contemporary armed conflict and the changing nature of war itself. The Balkan conflict of the 1990s, as a case study in state failure and medium intensity warfare, international conflict management and intervention, and U.S. military engagement, provides an excellent framework for asking basic questions about the dynamic of international security at the dawn of a new millennium. War in the Balkans, 1991-2002 is intended to provide a foundation for addressing such questions by surveying events in both contemporary and larger historical perspectives and posing preliminary conclusions concerning their larger meaning. There will, regretfully, be other situations comparable in broad outline to the violent decline and fall of socialist Yugoslavia. The policies of the international community in the Yugoslav imbroglio have been criticized widely as ineffective. However, in the end, after years of futility, the conflict could be contained only by a significant international military intervention spearheaded by the United States, and a long-term, multilateral commitment to post-conflict peace-building. Few would wish to pose the outcome as a model to be emulated, but it should be a case from which we can learn. DOUGLAS C. LOVELACE, JR. Director Strategic Studies Institute

Although the first American soldiers arrived in Saigon in late 1950, the first Army judge advocate did not deploy to Vietnam until 1959, when Lt. Col. Paul J. Durbin reported for duty. From then until 1975 when Saigon fell and the last few U.S. military personnel left Vietnam, Army lawyers played a significant role in what is still America's "longest war." Judge Advocates in Vietnam: Army Lawyers in Southeast Asia (1959-1975) tells the story of these soldier-lawyers in headquarters units like the Saigon-based Military Assistance Advisory Group and Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV). But it also examines the individual experiences of judge advocates in combat organizations like II Field Force, 1st Air Cavalry Division, and the 25th Infantry Division. Almost without exception, Army lawyers recognized that the unconventional nature of guerrilla warfare required them to practice law in new and non-traditional ways. Consequently, many judge advocates serving in Vietnam between 1959 and 1975 looked for new ways to use their talent and abilities -both legal and non-legal- to enhance mission success. While this was not what judge advocates today refer to as "operational law" -that compendium of domestic, foreign, and international law applicable to U.S. forces engaged in combat or operations other than war- the efforts of these Vietnam-era lawyers were a major force in shaping today's view that judge advocates are most effective if they are integrated into Army operations at all levels. Judge Advocates in Vietnam is not the first book about lawyering in Southeast Asia. On the contrary, Maj. Gen. George S. Prugh's Law at War, published in 1975, was the first look at what judge advocates did in Vietnam. General Prugh's monograph, however, focuses exclusively on legal work done at MACV. Similarly, Col. Fred Borch's Judge Advocates in Combat: Army Lawyers in Military Operations from Vietnam to Haiti has a chapter on law in Southeast Asia, but it is a very brief look at military lawyering in Vietnam. It follows that this new Combat Studies Institute publication is long overdue. Its comprehensive examination of judge advocates in Vietnam -who was there, what they did, and how they did it- fills a void in the history of the Army and the Judge Advocate General's Corps. At the same time, anyone who takes the time to read these pages will come away with a greater appreciation of what it was like to serve as a soldier -and an Army lawyer- in Vietnam. Thomas J. Romig Major General, U.S. Army The Judge Advocate General

CONTENTSIntroductionEnergy Sector OrganizationThe Coal IndustryThe Oil IndustryThe Natural Gas IndustryOther Energy SourcesThe Power Distribution SystemThe Environment and the Energy SectorEnergy in the Ninth and Tenth 5-Year PlansDefense of the Energy SectorConclusionEndnotes

Second World War history offers the military strategist a cornucopia of lessons learned on how to apply the art of military deception. This paper analyzed six Allied deception operations to identify the fundamental reasons why Allied deception efforts were the most successful in history. The six deception operations reviewed were Barclay, Cockade, and Bodyguard as well as the Soviet deception operations at Stalingrad, Kursk, and White Russia. A critical analysis of these six operations identified seven major factors that made Allied deception efforts extremely effective. These seven factors were that the Allies controlled all key channels of information, had great intelligence "feedback" on their deception operations, had high-level and centralized control over deception planning, practiced sound deception techniques, subordinated deception to strategic and operational objectives, maintained adequate secrecy, and provided sufficient time for deception execution. These factors are relevant for today's operations and should be imbedded within US doctrine.

CONTENTSPreface Patrick ClawsonIntroduction Henry SokolskiChecking Iran's Nuclear Ambitions: Report Recommendations NPEC Project on IranIran's "Legal" Paths to the Bomb Victor GilinskyIran's Internal Struggles GeneiveAbdoThe Prospects for Regime Change in Iran S. Rob SobhaniWinning Iranian Hearts and Minds Abbas William SamiiU.S.-Iranian Strategic Cooperation since 1979 Geoffrey KempThe Challenges of U.S. Preventive Military Action Michael EisenstadtAbout the Authors

To many in the United States, China looms large and threatening. What are the national security and national military goals of China's leaders? What strategies are Chinese leaders considering in pursuit of these goals? What is the likelihood that these goals will be attained? This monograph attempts to answer these questions through an analysis of China's defense establishment under the leadership of Jiang Zemin. It assesses the political and economic determinants of China's effort to modernize its armed forces. Four possible strategies are outlined: (1) "playing the superpower game," (2) "playing to its strengths," (3) "changing the rules of the game,"or (4) "don't play that game." The factors that will determine the selection of a strategy are examined. The most likely strategy is identified and its outcome evaluated. Lastly, the implications of the study for the U.S. defense community are addressed.

This manual provides information of interest to planners and designers of small water systems. Such systems generally cannot benefit from economies of scale, and proper management and operation are critical to produce satisfactory finished water quality. Therefore, the major emphasis of the manual is on the design of systems that will be effective and reliable, but that require a level of operation and management activity commensurate with their physical size and the available resources. To this end, consideration is given in subsequent chapters to preliminary planning, source selection and development, water quality and quantity requirements, treatment, pumping, storage, and distribution. Throughout the manual an effort is made to focus on requirements and standards, key design elements, and generalized alternative design methods and their applicability. This manual provides guidance and criteria for the design of small water supply, treatment, and distribution systems. For the purpose of this manual, small water systems shall be those having average daily design flow rates of 380,000 liters per day (100,000 gallons per day) or less.