Recycling of Flexible Plastic Packaging presents thorough and detailed information on the management and recycling of flexible plastic packaging, focusing on the latest actual/potential methods and techniques and offering actionable solutions that minimize waste and increase product efficiency and sustainability. Sections cover flexible plastic packaging and its benefits, applications and challenges. This is followed by in-depth coverage of the materials, types and forms of flexible packaging. Other key discussions cover collection and pre-treatment, volume reduction, separation from other materials, chemical recycling, post-processing and reuse, current regulations and policies, economic aspects and immediate trends. This information will be highly valuable to engineers, scientists and R&D professionals across industry. In addition, it will also be of great interest to researchers in academia, those in government, or anyone with an interest in recycling who is looking to further advance and implement recycling methods for flexible plastic packaging.
Electrical Conductivity in Polymer-Based Composites: Experiments, Modelling and Applications offers detailed information on all aspects of conductive composites. These composites offer many benefits in comparison to traditional conductive materials, and have a broad range of applications, including electronic packaging, capacitors, thermistors, fuel cell devices, dielectrics, piezoelectric functions and ferroelectric memories. Sections cover the theory of electrical conductivity and the different categories of conductive composites, describing percolation threshold, tunneling effect and other phenomena in the field. Subsequent chapters present thorough coverage of the key phases in the development and use of conductive composites, including manufacturing methods, external parameters, applications, modelling and testing methods. This is an essential source of information for materials scientists and engineers working in the fields of polymer technology, processing and engineering, enabling them to improve manufacture and testing methods, and to benefit fully from applications. The book also provides industrial and academic researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of conductive composites and related issues.Explains the methods used in the manufacture and testing of conductive composites, and in the modeling of electrical conductivityContains specialized information on the full range of applications for conductive composites, including conductive adhesives or pastesBrings scientists, engineers and researchers up-to-date with the latest advances in the field
Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Coatings: Enhanced Methods focuses on the cutting-edge science behind how plastic and polymer materials are modified by the effects of weathering, offering the latest advances in service life prediction methods. The chapters have been developed by experts based on their contributions as part of the 7th Service Life Prediction Meeting. The volume begins with the premise that it is possible to produce and design life predictions, also looking at how these predictions can be used. Subsequent chapters present new developments in service life prediction, examining the most important considerations in SLP design, timescales, and other major issues. The book also considers the current state of the field in terms of both accomplishments and areas that require significant research going forward. This is a highly valuable reference for engineers, designers, technicians, scientists and R&D professionals who are looking to develop materials, components or products for outdoor applications across a range of industries. The book also supports academic researchers, scientists and advanced students with an interest in service life, the effects of weathering, material degradation, failure analysis, or sustainability across the fields of plastics engineering, polymer science and materials science. Presents novel prediction techniques for plastics and polymers exposed to outdoor weatheringProvides a consensus roadmap on the scientific barriers related to a validated, predictive model for the response of polymer and plastics to outdoor exposureEnables the reader to assess and compare different methods and approaches to service life prediction
Low Temperature Chemical Nanofabrication: Recent Progress, Challenges and Emerging Technologies offers a thorough and theoretical background to nanoscale fabrication phenomena, also covering important practical applications. It covers the conventional top down and the newly emerging bottom up processing methods. The latter has proven to be feasible for obtaining device quality material and can either be performed using high or low temperature processing. Low temperature (?100 oC), in particular, is becoming increasingly used due to its simplicity and varied applications, with huge benefits for developing new devices and flexible non-conventional substrates. This important resource is ideal for researchers seeking to learn more about the fundamental theories related to nanoscale phenomena and nanofabrication. Provides extensive coverage of nanofabrication techniques, allowing researchers to learn different nanofabrication techniquesExplores different applications for low-temperature chemical nanofabricationCogently explains how low-temperature chemical nanofabrication differs from other nanofabrication techniques, assessing the pros and cons of each
Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry.Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plasticCovers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymerIncludes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA
Utilization of Plastic Waste: Processing, Technology, and Applications compiles the latest advances in the utilization of plastic waste, explaining the processing methods and technology behind a range of applications. Chapters cover the types of solid waste, the sources of plastic waste, mechanical and chemical recycling possibilities, key principles, strategies and policies for plastic waste management, treatment methods, the steps involved in the recycling and re-utilization of plastic waste, specific uses for waste plastic, and future directions for these innovative technologies. This is an essential source of information for waste management and recycling professionals, engineers, manufacturers, scientists and R&D professionals in the plastics industry. In addition, government officials, regulators, NGOs, researchers, and graduate and postgraduate students across plastics engineering, waste management, sustainability, packaging, polymer science, chemical engineering, processing technology, and environmental science will find this to be a comprehensive resource. Presents novel methods for the treatment and processing of plastic wasteDemystifies the utilization of plastic waste for composite tiles, conversion to fuels, road construction and carbon nanotubesConsiders the potential implementation of developing technologies, supporting further innovation and increased re-use of plastic waste
Includes essential information and data that enables engineers and materials scientists to realize the full benefits of fluoropolymer additives as processing aids Written by authors Ebnesajjad and Morgan who take a highly practical approach to the subject that is based on real-world experience and case studies Updated to include the latest commercial additives and applications information for practicing engineers
Nanoarchitectonics in Biomedicine describes this new area of nanoscience that has emerged as a major branch of nanoscience. The book brings together recent applications and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each process, offering international perspectives on the technologies based on these findings. It offers new insights for nanoarchitectonics, starting with the currently used methods of synthesis and characterization of such materials, along with their biomedical applications. Authored by a wide range of international scientists, this volume shows how nanoarchitectonics is being used to create more efficient medical treatment solutions. Users will find this to be an important research resource for those wanting to learn more on the emerging topic of nanoarchitectonics in biomedical science.Explores how design aspects, smart materials and personalized materials are used in biomedicine todayOffers global perspectives on how nanoarchitectonics is used in different regionsPresents an important research resource for those wanting to learn more on the emerging topic of nanoarchitectonics in biomedical science
PEEK biomaterials are currently used in hundreds of thousands of spinal fusion patients around the world every year. Durability, biocompatibility, and excellent resistance to aggressive sterilization procedures make PEEK a polymer of choice, replacing metal in orthopedic implants, from spinal implants and knee replacements to finger joints and dental implants.The new edition of this authoritative work sees the book expand from 17 chapters to 26 chapters to match the expansion in applications in PEEK-from spinal cages to spinal rods and disc replacements; hip and knee joint replacement; dental; trauma; and sports medicine. New PEEK formulations have been developed incorporating hydroxyapatite, additives to combat infection, and surface grafted polymers to improve lubrication. The book also covers additive manufacturing, which has made significant inroads with PEEK in the past 5 years as well by introducing the prospect of patient-specific implants.Like the 1st edition, the updated Handbook brings together experts in many different facets related to PEEK clinical performance as well as in the areas of materials science, tribology, and biology to provide a complete reference for specialists in the field of plastics, biomaterials, medical device design, and surgical applications.Useful for materials scientists and biomedical engineers, both in industry and academia, the book is a one-stop shop for information on PEEK as a biomaterial-including in-depth coverage of materials properties-while also providing cutting-edge information on applications and combinations of the material.Presents a complete reference work covering PEEK, the leading polymer for spinal implants and a range of other biomedical applicationsCovers a range of new formulations and applications, including in-depth coverage of the additive manufacturing of PEEKProvides a vital source of supporting information for materials selection decisions and regulatory submissions
A guide to cleaner production methods, technologies, and practices for key industry sectors. It covers: manufacturing technologies; waste management; pollution control and remediation; methods for estimating and reporting emissions; treatment and control technologies; health risk exposures for workers and the wider community; and, more.
Preparation, Characterization, Properties and Application of Nanofluid begins with an introduction of colloidal systems and their relation to nanofluid. Special emphasis on the preparation of stable nanofluid and the impact of ultrasonication power on nanofluid preparation is also included, as are characterization and stability measurement techniques. Other topics of note in the book include the thermophysical properties of nanofluids as thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density and specific heat, including the figure of merit of properties. In addition, different parameters, like particle type, size, concentration, liquid type and temperature are discussed based on experimental results, along with a variety of other important topics. The available model and correlations used for nanofluid property calculation are also included. Provides readers with tactics on nanofluid preparation methods, including how to improve their stability Explores the effect of preparation method and stability on thermophysical and rheological properties of nanofluidsAssesses the available model and correlations used for nanofluid property calculation
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