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Phase diagrams are a MUST for materials scientists and engineers (MSEs). However, understanding phase diagrams is a difficult task for most MSEs. The audience of this book are young MSEs who start learning phase diagrams and are supposed to become specialists and those who were trained in fields other than materials science and engineering but are involved in research and/or development of materials after they are employed.Ternary phase diagrams presented in Chapter 4 are far more complex than binary phase diagrams. For this reason, ternary phase diagrams are nowadays less and less taught. However, in ceramics and semiconductors ternary phase diagrams become more and more important. Recent software provides necessary information to handle ternary phase diagrams. However, needless to say, without fundamental knowledge of ternary phase diagrams it is impossible to understand ternary phase diagrams correctly. In this book ternary phase diagrams are presented in a completely original way, with many diagrams illustrated in full color.In this book the essence of phase diagrams is presented in a user-friendly manner. This book is expected to be a Bible for MSEs.

This unique compendium consists of peer-reviewed articles spanning from novel growth of materials for nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices, electronic nose sensor array, bio-nano-systems, artificial intelligence/machine learning, and emerging technologies, to applications in each of these fields.Systems implementing additively manufactured RF devices for communication, packaging, remote sensing, compact multi-bit FETs and memories are also included.Plasmonic nanostructures with electrical connections have potential applications as new electro-optic devices. Quantum dot-based devices are discussed with regard to optical logic gates, mid-infrared photodetectors, gain and index tailored external cavity high power lasers.Contributed by eminent researchers, this useful reference text broadly illustrates relevant aspects of high-performance materials and emerging nanodevices for implementing high-speed electronic systems.

Quantum theory is perhaps our best confirmed theory for a description of the physical properties of nature. On top of demonstrating great empirical effectiveness, many technological developments in the 20th century (such as the interpretation of the periodic table of elements, CD players, holograms, and quantum state teleportation) were only made possible with Quantum theory.Despite its success in the past decades, even today it still remains without a universally accepted interpretation.This book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the question; "What is Quantum Mechanics talking about?", a question which continues to be one of the most fascinating and important questions in science.Using an interdisciplinary approach to foundational problems in Quantum Mechanics (QM), ranging from philosophical questions about the interpretation of QM to technical problems in quantum computation, this book explores quantum mechanics from different perspectives (physical, logical, philosophical and mathematical), by researchers from Europe, North America, and South America.

The world's increasing demand for energy is mainly being fulfilled by non-renewable fossil fuels. Its long-run usage is unsustainable due to depleting resources and adverse effects on the environment. To resolve these issues, researchers are transitioning toward high-performance renewable and sustainable energy sources and storage systems like electrochemical cells for hydrogen production, supercapacitors, batteries, and so forth. Currently, the main challenges to developing these systems require efficient electrode materials with properties like good electrical conductivity, high surface area, good catalytic activity, and so on. Carbon nanostructures (such as graphene and carbon nanotubes) and inorganic transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, etc.) are promising candidates for such energy applications owing to their unique properties and exceptional performance. This book summarizes the synthesis of carbon and TMDs to their applications in energy generation and storage. The aim of this book is to benefit the readers with recent aspects and future perspectives of carbon and TMDs-based nanomaterials dedicated to the field of energy generation and storage technologies. Also, professionals might find it useful in fabricating or characterizing these materials for targeted applications.

This book is based on a series of lectures at the Mathematics Department of the University of Jena, developed in the period from 1995 up to 2015. It is completed by additional material and extensions of some basic results from the literature to more general metric spaces.This book provides a clear introduction to classical fields of fractal geometry, which provide some background for modern topics of research and applications. Some basic knowledge on general measure theory and on topological notions in metric spaces is presumed.

This book is a comprehensive exploration of the interplay between Stochastic Analysis, Geometry, and Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). It aims to investigate the influence of geometry on diffusions induced by underlying structures, such as Riemannian or sub-Riemannian geometries, and examine the implications for solving problems in PDEs, mathematical finance, and related fields. The book aims to unify the relationships between PDEs, nonholonomic geometry, and stochastic processes, focusing on a specific condition shared by these areas known as the bracket-generating condition or Hörmander's condition. The main objectives of the book are:To unify the relationship between PDEs, nonholonomic geometry, and stochastic processes by examining the common condition imposed on vector fields in both fields.To explore diffusions induced by underlying geometry, whether Riemannian or sub-Riemannian, and study how curvature affects the diffusion of Brownian movement along curves.To compute heat kernels and fundamental solutions for various operators, using stochastic methods, and analyze their properties.To investigate the dynamics of elliptic and sub-elliptic diffusions on different geometric structures and their applications.To explore the connections between sub-elliptic differential systems and sub-Riemannian geometry.To analyze the dynamics of LC-circuits using variational approaches and establish their relationship with stochastic analysis and geometric analysis.The intended audience for this book includes researchers and practitioners in mathematics, physics, and engineering, who are interested in stochastic techniques applied to geometry and PDEs, as well as their applications in mathematical finance and electrical circuits.

This edited volume brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lithium and nickel contamination of soil and plants. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches and case studies from different parts of the world.This book is a valuable resource to students, academicians, researchers, and environmental professionals who are doing field work on lithium and nickel contamination throughout the world.

Chaired by K Wüthrich (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2002) and co-chaired by B Feringa (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 2016), this by-invitation-only conference gathered around 40 participants, who are well-recognized leaders in the diverse field of Chemistry. The highlights of the Conference Proceedings include short prepared statements by all the participants, and the recordings of lively discussions on the current and future perspectives in the field of chemistry, with topics ranging from renewable energy and new materials to vaccines.

In Truth About Trade, international scholar, jurist, statesman, and activist James Bacchus offers a thought-provoking collection of some of the essays he has written on international trade and international law since he completed his tenure as one of the founders and twice the chairman of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The breadth of these essays ranges from his visionary proposals for expanding world trade and enhancing the international rule of law by modernizing the WTO-based multilateral world trading system, to his thoughts on the abhorrence and illegality of torture and on the necessity of courage in defense of human freedom. Written as public commentary during the past two decades, these essays, because of the ideas and the observations they contain, remain highly relevant to the international debate today. In his thinking about how best we should shape the legal framework of the world, the author remains ahead of his time.

This is a monograph written for the young and advanced researcher who is entering the field of wet granular matter, keen to understand the basic physical principles governing this state of soft matter. It treats wet granulates as a ternary system consisting of the grains, a primary, and a secondary fluid. After generally addressing wetting phenomena and outlining the basic facts on dry granular systems, a chapter on basic mechanisms and their effects is dedicated to every region of the ternary phase diagram. Effects of grain shape and roughness are considered as well. Rather than addressing engineering aspects like existing books on this topic do, this book aims to provide a generalized framework suitable for those who want to understand these systems on a more fundamental basis. It spans a wide scope of questions, ranging from possible general principles behind the emergence of structure and pattern, to the interpretation of geological outcrop features we encounter in nature.

The focus lies on strong anticipation as delay and distance compensation (as in temporal recalibration and synchronization of coupled systems). Of particular interest are delays which correspond to a boundary shift between a systemic whole and its context. Such boundary shifts result from assignment conditions which determine what belongs to the systemic whole and what belongs to its context.Delay and distance compensation is described, along with long-range correlations, against the background of a theory of time capable of describing anticipative systems. My Theory of Fractal Time describes anticipatory systems in terms of two temporal dimensions: succession and simultaneity, which are defined and measured in ¿tdepth, ¿tlength and ¿tdensity. These extensions form an extended present and allow a quantified comparison of obserpants' (observer-participants') temporal interfaces. Compensated delays are revealed as phenomenal blind spots, which result in a new kind of relativity: What may be compensated for obserpant A is delayed for obserpant B.Compensated delays are ubiquitous and can be found in both cognitive and physical processes. Examples are temporal recalibration to restore degraded visuomotor adaptation, coupling environment and brain, biosemiotics and homeostatic processes, dynamical diseases, embedded and situated robots, control loops with inserted or removed delays, cellular automata, analog and digital notions of trust, transitional objects and potential spaces, our perception of time and judgement of duration. It is proposed that compensated delays emerge as natural laws.

This book provides a unique view of Astronomy in Culture, Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy involving ancient civilizations in Latin America, emphasizing scientific and cultural knowledge combined with historical, cognitive, archaeological and anthropological aspects. Topics covered in the book include different associations of ancient civilizations with the stars and planets, whether in farming, architecture, social organization, beliefs, myths, religion, metric systems, calendar construction, shrines, and variations in astronomical research methods based on the types of material evidence available. Special attention is paid to the war cycles associated with observed celestial events, day-counting calendars, including movements in the sky and written evidences from codices, and in particular the Andean and Inca traditions of astronomically associated shrines, caves and celestial alignments of monuments and temples.

Global Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach, 4th edition (GCF4) introduces students and practitioners to the principles that are essential to the understanding of global financial problems and the policies that global business managers contend with. The objective of this book is to equip current and future business leaders with the tools they need to interpret the issues, to make sound global financial decisions, and to manage the wide variety of risks that modern businesses face in a competitive global environment. In line with its objective, the book stresses practical applications in a concise and straightforward manner, without complex treatment of theoretical concepts.All the chapters in the 4th edition have been updated to include new materials, eliminate unnecessary-outdated materials, and include more non-US materials. Each chapter contains the following four new items: an opening mini case, a global finance in practice, a list of key terms at the end of each chapter, and a closing mini case.The GCF4 is suitable for appropriate courses, no matter where in the world it is taught, because it does not adopt any specific national viewpoint. Moreover, it is self-contained, and it combines theory and applications. The earlier editions of the GCF4 have been adopted by many colleges, universities, and management development programs worldwide, particularly because the book stresses practical applications in a user-friendly format.

Theory of Electromagnetoelasticity presents a systematic and unique treatment of elastic, electric and magnetic interactions in solids including various thermal and dissipative effects such as viscoelasticity and electrical conduction. In this book, a general and nonlinear continuum theory is constructed. The fundamental building blocks of the theory - the electromagnetic body force, couple and power - are calculated from a multi-continuum model consisting of a lattice continuum for elastic deformation, a bound charge continuum for electric polarization, a circulating current continuum for magnetization, and a free charge fluid for electrical conduction. The multi-continuum model is simpler than the common charged particle model and reveals the underlying physics from a unique angle. The complete set of Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields is included without the widely used quasistatic approximations of the electric and/or magnetic fields. The theory established can be used to describe different kinds of interactions between acoustic and optical fields or waves. Some linear problems are analyzed as examples to show some of the simplest elastic and electromagnetic couplings.

China is now considered a tech superpower in many areas. This book illustrates certain aspects and case studies of China's technological developments and further analyzes them under various areas like coal energy, housing, connectivity, digital and space technologies. Furthermore, it examines technological developments in the periphery of China, focusing especially on Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). This book does not pretend to be comprehensive in its coverage albeit surveys a spectrum of sectors in China and Hong Kong to get an idea of their developments. By peering into China through the mainland continental perspective and also looking into China from its periphery (e.g., "Greater China" perspectives from HKSAR), this book provides readers with the broad contours of technological development in China through a multidisciplinary area studies perspective.

The investigation on novel optical materials with unprecedented optical properties is of paramount importance for the development of advanced applications in many fields having a strong impact on our everyday lives such as biomedicine, food and agriculture security, optical communication and information technology, etc. Moreover, the interaction of light with matter in the past decades has allowed the quick growth of new disciplines such as biophotonics, covering all aspects of this interaction with biological materials; nanophotonics, investigating the optical behavior of nanostructures; opto-mechanics, going from optical manipulation of small objects to optical control of micro- and nano-robots.This book comprises timely contributions from active research groups covering several classes of materials and processes including nano-structured plasmonic and photonic materials, 2-D materials, photo-polymers, liquid crystals, photo-sensitive and opto-thermal, and other specially engineered materials.Novel Optical Materials will serve as a useful reference for researchers, engineers, and optical and materials scientists in both industry and academia. It is also an excellent supplement and reference for graduate courses in materials science, physics, and optical engineering.

While many (East) Asians are becoming more confident in their own culture and ways of doing things, at the same time, they are open to the melding of east-west ways. Because of this form of cultural hybridization, it is useful to include the authors' multidisciplinary area studies training which decodes some of the cultural symbols and contextual language used in Asian negotiations. They do so keenly with globalization's impact in mind. Due to globalization, western styles of negotiations have constantly engaged closely with negotiations styles in Asia (including East Asia) and the cross-pollination of ideas between the two have resulted in hybridized negotiations styles in the contemporary setting.Distilled practitioner knowledge will be combined with literature review and theoretical readings to share with readers the intricacies as well as theoretician's conceptualizations of East Asian negotiation styles. The book is written from the sub-discipline of cross-cultural negotiating styles, adopting some sociological/anthropological perspectives, anecdotes and concepts to discuss this subject matter.This volume hopes to fill in the gap between theoretical and applied knowledge through the use of theoretical concepts that readers from the West and other English-language textbook readers are familiar with, while supplementing the concepts with practitioner-oriented case studies drawn from actual experiences. This prevents the publication from becoming a theory-heavy text.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, and the sustained development of the Chinese economy, the Chinese bond market has become an important player in the global bond market. As at the end of 2022, the custodial balance of the Chinese bond market reached RMB14.48 trillion, ranking second in the world and the largest bond market in Asia. As a maturing emerging market in the world, the Chinese bond market not only follows the general rules of global bond markets, but also has some of its own characteristics. To make effective investments and financing in this market, a comprehensive and profound understanding of the market is required.This book is the result of a joint research project "Function, Structure, and Development of China's Debt Capital Market," supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation and the Economic and Social Research Council of the United Kingdom. It includes contributions by professors, associate professors, and postgraduates from Fudan University and the London School of Economics. From the perspectives of institutional framework, market functions, market structure, and market development, the book provides a systematic and in-depth analysis and exploration of the macro-effects, microstructure, local government bond market, corporate bond market, debt derivatives market, and market supervision and regulation of the Chinese credit bond market. It is an important reference for international investors and researchers to gain a deep understanding of the evolution of the fundamental institutional framework, structure, and functions of the Chinese credit bond market.

This Gedenkschrift for Peter Carr, our dear friend and colleague who suddenly left us on March 1, 2022, was organized to honor the life and lasting contributions of Peter to Quantitative Finance. A group of Peter's co-authors and professional friends contributed chapters for this Gedenkschrift shortly after his passing. The papers were received by September 15, 2022 and some were presented at the Peter Carr Gedenkschrift Conference held at the Robert H Smith School of Business on November 11, 2022. The contributed papers cover a wide range of topics corresponding to the vast range of Peter's interests. Each paper represents new research results in recognition of Peter's scholarly activities. The book serves as an important marker for the research knowledge existing at the time of the Gedenkschrift's publication on a number of topics within quantitative finance. It reflects the diverse interactions between mathematics and finance and illustrates, for those interested, the breadth and depth of this development. The book also presents a collection of tributes to Peter from family and friends including those made at his Memorial Service on March 19, 2022. The result is hopefully a more complete testament to a personal and professional life well lived, and unexpectedly cut short.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics of daily relevance by asking and discussing questions: thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this book - waves - is chosen because we experience waves in many forms every minute of our lives, from sound waves and light waves to quantum waves and brain waves.The target readership of this book is very broad: all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially laymen, youngsters, secondary-school children and their teachers.