Superlubricity - the state between sliding systems where friction is reduced to almost immeasurable amounts - holds great potential for improving both the economic and environmental credentials of moving mechanical systems. Research in this field has progressed tremendously in recent years, and there now exist several theoretical models, recognised techniques for computational simulations and interesting experimental evidence of superlubricity in practise. Superlubricity, Second Edition, presents an extensively revised and updated overview of these important developments, providing a comprehensive guide to the physical chemistry underpinning molecular mechanisms of friction and lubrication, current theoretical models used to explore and assess superlubricity, examples of its achievement in experimental systems, and discussion of potential future applications. Drawing on the extensive knowledge of its expert editors and global team of authors from across academia and industry, Superlubricity, Second Edition, is a great resource for all those with a need to understand, model or manipulate surface interactions for improved performance. Fully expanded and updated to include the latest developments in the field, including a new section on liquid superlubricityHighlights the key superlubricity theoretical models and reviews state of the art tools and techniques for superlubricity simulationIncludes information on the practical aspects and potential impact of superlubricity in moving mechanical systems ranging from nano/micro scales to meso/macro scales
Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Drilling Engineering delivers research materials and emerging technologies that conform sustainability drilling criteria. Starting with ideal zero-waste solutions in drilling and long-term advantages, the reference discusses the sustainability approach through the use of non-linear solutions and works its way through the most conventional practices and procedures used today. Step-by-step formulations and examples are provided to demonstrate how to look at conventional practices versus sustainable approaches with eventually diverging towards a more sustainable alternative. Emerging technologies are covered and detailed sustainability analysis is included. Economic considerations, analysis, and long-term consequences, focusing on risk management round out the with conclusions and a extensive glossary. Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Drilling Engineering gives today''s petroleum and drilling engineers a guide how to analyze and evaluate their operations in a more environmentally-driven way. Proposes sustainable technical criteria and strategies for today''s most common drilling practices such as horizontal drilling, managed pressure drilling, and unconventional shale activityDiscusses economic benefits and development challenges to invest in environmentally-friendly operationsHighlights the most recent research, analysis, and challenges that remain including global optimization
Provides you with just enough background in perceptual and cognitive psychology that user interface (UI) design guidelines make intuitive sense rather than being just a list or rules to follow. This book equips readers with the knowledge to make educated tradeoffs between competing rules, project deadlines, and budget pressures.
The Art of Multiprocessor Programming, Second Edition, provides users with an authoritative guide to multicore programming. This updated edition introduces higher level software development skills relative to those needed for efficient single-core programming, and includes comprehensive coverage of the new principles, algorithms, and tools necessary for effective multiprocessor programming. The book is an ideal resource for students and professionals alike who will benefit from its thorough coverage of key multiprocessor programming issues. Features new exercises developed for instructors using the text, with more algorithms, new examples, and other updates throughout the book Presents the fundamentals of programming multiple threads for accessing shared memory Explores mainstream concurrent data structures and the key elements of their design, as well as synchronization techniques, from simple locks to transactional memory systems
Selective Laser Melting for Metal Matrix Composites explains in detail the essential preparation and characterization methods for this technology, and explores a range of innovative applications. The subject covered by this book has been the focus of increasing levels of research both in industry and academia globally. The authors have drawn on their influential cutting-edge research to provide a much-needed guide for those investigating or applying this technology. The novel material preparation methodologies addressed here provide new opportunities to expand the applications of additive manufacturing, particularly in industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and electronics. These applications, as well as the theory behind this technology are also covered in this book, providing a complete guide which is appropriate for engineers in industry as well as researchers.Provides descriptions of the microstructure and properties of the components producedExplains emerging applications of this technology in a range of industriesCovers a range of different materials including iron base, and aluminium and titanium compositesSummarises the current research landscape in this field, and signposts the problems in metal matrix composites which remain to be solved
Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing details the principles and practices of the technologies used in biomaterials processing and medical device manufacturing. The book reviews the main categories of metallic biomaterials and the essential considerations in design and manufacturing of medical devices. It bridges the gap between the designing of biomaterials and manufacturing of medical devices including requirements and standards. Main themes of the book include, manufacturing, coatings and surface modifications of medical devices, metallic biomaterials and their mechanical behaviour, degradation, testing and characterization, and quality controls, standards and FDA regulations of medical devices. The leading experts in the filed discuss the requirements, challenges, recent progresses and future research directions in the processing of materials and manufacturing of medical devices. Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing is ideal for those working in the disciplines of materials science, manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and mechanical engineering.Reviews key topics of biomaterials processing for medical device applications including metallic biomaterials and their mechanical behavior, degradation, testing and characterizationBridges the gap between biomaterials design and medical device manufacturingDiscusses the quality controls, standards, and FDA requirements for biomaterials and medical devices
Multi-material 3D Printing Technology introduces the first models for complex construction and manufacturing using a multi-material 3D printer. The book also explains the advantages that these innovative models provide at various points of the manufacturing supply chain. Innovations in fields such as medicine and aerospace are seeing 3D printing applied to problems that require the technology to develop beyond its traditional definitions. This groundbreaking book provides broad coverage of the theory behind this emerging technology, and the technical details required for readers to investigate these methods for themselves. In addition to describing new models for application of this technology, this book also systematically summarizes the historical models, materials and relevant technologies that are important in multi-material 3D printing.Introduces the heterogeneous object model for 3D printingProvides case studies of the use of hybrid 3D Printing to create gears and human bonePresents techniques which are easy to realize using commercial 3D printers
Salinity Gradient Heat Engines classifies all the existing SGHEs and presents an in-depth analysis of their fundamentals, applications and perspectives. The main SGHEs analyzed in this publication are Osmotic, the Reverse Electrodialysis, and the Accumulator Mixing Heat Engines. The production and regeneration unit of both cycles are described and analyzed alongside the related economic and environmental aspects. This approach provides the reader with very thorough knowledge on how these technologies can be developed and implemented as a low-impact power generation technique, wherever low-temperature waste-heat is available. This book will also be a very beneficial resource for academic researchers and graduate students across various disciplines, including energy engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, physics, electrical and mechanical engineering. Focuses on advanced, yet practical, recovery of waste heat via salinity gradient heat engines Outlines the existing salinity gradient heat engines and discusses fundamentals, potential and perspectives of each of them Includes economics and environmental aspects Provides an innovative reference for all industrial sectors involving processes where low-temperature waste-heat is available.
The need to more efficiently harvest energy for electronics has spurred investigation into materials that can harvest energy from locally abundant sources. Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage is the first book to bring together fundamental mechanisms for harvesting various abundant energy sources using ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials. The authors discuss strategies of designing materials for efficiently harvesting energy sources like solar, wind, wave, temperature fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, biomechanical motion, and stray magnetic fields. In addition, concepts of the high density energy storage using ferroelectric materials is explored. Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Storage is appropriate for those working in materials science and engineering, physics, chemistry and electrical engineering disciplines.Reviews wide range of energy harvesting including solar, wind, biomechanical and moreDiscusses ferroelectric materials and their application to high energy density capacitorsIncludes review of fundamental mechanisms of energy harvesting and energy solutions, their design and current applications, and future trends and challenges
The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease, Second Edition is a comprehensive source dedicated to better understanding this group of conditions that have significant consequences for health in both past and present communities on a global scale. This edition presents an updated introduction to the biology and metabolism of mineralised tissues that are fundamental to understanding the expression of the metabolic bone diseases in skeletal remains. The extensive advances in understanding of these conditions in both bioarchaeological and biomedical work are brought together for the reader. Dedicated chapters focussing on each disease emphasise the integration of up-to-date clinical background with the biological basis of disease progression to give guidance on identification. New chapters covering anaemia and approaches to recognising the co-occurrence of pathological conditions have been included, reflecting recent advances in research. Boxes highlighting significant issues, use of information from sources such as texts and nonhuman primates, and theoretical approaches are included in the text. Each chapter closes with 'Core Concepts' that summarise key information. The final chapter reviews current challenges in bioarchaeology and provides directions for future research. This is a must-have resource for users at all career stages interested in integrating information on the metabolic bone diseases into bioarchaeological projects.
Aims to distill from the thousands of studies those particular developments that are pertinent for the engineer concerned with predictive methods, for the designer, and for the user and potential user of fluidized beds. This book covers the advances in the field of fluidization.
The unusual approach of this text gives final honours and post-graduate students a clear and explanatory account of one of the "harder" areas of physical chemistry. The author takes care to provide detailed verbal clarification of the concepts and their importance together with full explanations of the mathematical developments.
An overview of the techniques available for the joining and repair of offshore structures. The author begins with joining systems that do not require welding, and then explores the associated engineering systems needed for joining procedures.
Offers an account of the human hypothalamus. The human hypothalamus is a complex structure and consists of a large number of very different functional units (nuclei) that are not included in the standard neuropathological investigation of the human brain.
Metal-air is a promising battery system that uses inexpensive metals for its negative electrode while unlimited, free and non-toxic oxygen is used for its positive electrode, however, only primary systems have been commercialized so far. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications - Metal-Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives offers a comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries as well as the solutions to the issues for overcoming the related difficulties of the secondary (rechargeable) system. Although metal-air batteries are widely studied as low-cost high-energy systems, their commercialization is limited to primary ones due to currently limited cycle life and insufficient reliability. For realization of the secondary systems, this book offers comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries, including the details of both electrodes, electrolyte, cell/system, modelling and applications. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications - Metal-Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives provides researchers, instructors, and students in electrochemistry, material science and environmental science; industry workers in cell manufacturing; and government officials in energy, environmental, power supply, and transportation with a valuable resource covering the most important topics of metal-air batteries and their uses.Outlines the general characteristics of metal-air compared with conventional batteriesOffers a comprehensive understanding of various metal-air, featuring zinc, and lithiumContains comparisons and issues among various metal-air batteries and research efforts to solve themIncludes applications and market prospects
Paper Based Sensors, Volume 89, the latest release in this comprehensive series that gathers the most important issues relating to the design and application of these cost-effective devices used in many industries, including health and environment diagnostics, safety and security, chemistry, optics, electrochemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnologies, presents the latest updates in the field. Chapters in this new release include Exploring paper as a substrate for electrochemical micro-devices, Paper-based sensors for application in biological compound detection, Printed paper-based (bio)sensors: design, fabrication and applications, Paper-based electrochemical sensing devices, Multifarious aspects of electrochemical paper-based (bio)sensors, Paper Based Biosensors for Clinical and Biomedical Applications, and more. Provides updates on the latest design in paper-based sensors using various nano and micromaterialsIncludes optical/electrical-based detection modes integrated within paper-based platformsCovers applications of paper-based platforms in diagnostics and other industries
Separation Methods in Drug Synthesis and Purification, Second Edition, Volume Eight, provides an updated on the analytical techniques used in drug synthesis and purification. Unlike other books on either separation science or drug synthesis, this volume combines the two to explain the basic principles and comparisons of each separation technique. New sections to this volume include enantiomer separation using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electro- chromatography, the computer simulation of chromatographic separation for accelerating method development, the application of chromatography and capillary electrophoresis used as surrogates for biological processes, and new developments in the established techniques of chromatography and preparative methods. Features descriptions and applications of all separation methods used in the pharmaceutical industryWritten by the leading scientists in their respective fields, providing solutions for a wide range of industrial separation problems encountered within the pharmaceutical industryThoroughly updated with brand new separation science techniques and the latest developments in the established techniques of chromatography
Principles and Methods for Data Science, Volume 43 in the Handbook of Statistics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this updated volume presenting interesting and timely topics, including Competing risks, aims and methods, Data analysis and mining of microbial community dynamics, Support Vector Machines, a robust prediction method with applications in bioinformatics, Bayesian Model Selection for Data with High Dimension, High dimensional statistical inference: theoretical development to data analytics, Big data challenges in genomics, Analysis of microarray gene expression data using information theory and stochastic algorithm, Hybrid Models, Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods: Theory and Practice, and more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authorsPresents the latest release in the Handbook of Statistics seriesUpdated release includes the latest information on Principles and Methods for Data Science
Present Knowledge in Nutrition: Basic Nutrition and Metabolism, Eleventh Edition, provides an accessible, referenced source on the most current information in the broad field of nutrition. Now broken into two volumes and updated to reflect scientific advancements since the publication of the last edition, the book includes expanded coverage on basic nutrition, metabolism and clinical and applied topics. This volume provides coverage of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and other dietary components and concludes with new approaches in nutrition science that apply to many, if not all, of the nutrients and dietary components presented throughout the reference. Advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students in nutrition, public health, medicine and related fields will find this resource useful. In addition, professionals in academia and medicine, including clinicians, dietitians, physicians, health professionals, academics and industrial and government researchers will find the content extremely useful. The book was produced in cooperation with the International Life Sciences Institute (https://ilsi.org/).Provides an accessible source of the most current, reliable and comprehensive information in the broad field of nutritionFeatures new chapters on topics of emerging importance, including the microbiome, eating disorders, nutrition in extreme environments, and the role of nutrition and cognition in mental statusCovers topics of clinical relevance, including the role of nutrition in cancer support, ICU nutrition, supporting patients with burns, and wasting, deconditioning and hypermetabolic conditions
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