Gender, Sexuality and Constitutionalism in Asia

This book analyses the equal citizenship claims of women and sexual and gender diverse people across several Asian jurisdictions. The volume examines the rich diversity of constitutional responses to sex, gender, and sexuality in the region from a comparative perspective. Leading comparative constitutional law scholars identify 'opportunity structures' to explain the uneven advancement of gender equality through constitutional litigation and consider a combination of variables which shape the diverging trajectories of the jurisdictions in this study. These variables include:- constitutional structures- the composition and powers of the courts- regional constitutional isomorphism- the incorporation of international and regional human rights standards- hermeneutic traditions- colonial legacies- foreign influences- social structures and hierarchies- forms of gendered and/or religious nationalism. The authors also embed the relevant constitutional and legal developments in their historical, political and social contexts. This deep contextual understanding of the relationship between sex, gender, sexuality, and constitutionalism greatly enriches the analysis. The case studies reflect a variety of constitutional structures, institutional designs, and contextual dynamics which may advance or impede developments with respect to sex, gender, and sexuality. As a whole, the chapters further an understanding of the constitutional domain as a fruitful site for advancing gender equality and the rights of sexual and gender diverse people. The jurisdictions covered represent all Asian sub-regions including: East Asia (Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South Korea), South East Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia), and South Asia (India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). The introductory framework chapter situates these insights from the region within the broader global context of the evolution of gender constitutionalism.